我国企业集群发展的限制因素与对策

经过20余年的改革,我国有大批企业成长起来,在市场规律作用下,企业开始向一些具有区位优势的地区集聚,企业间通过频繁的交易与互动逐渐发育成内部分工协作、联系密切的新产业组织形式——企业集群。在沿海发达地区企业集群的发育已初具规模,如:广东的珠江三角洲地区(家电行业)、江苏的环太湖地区(纺织行业)、浙江宁波温州地区(服装行业)和福建闽东地区(电器、制鞋行业)、北京中关村(高新技术行业)等。企业集群发展的限制因素企业集群,是指在某一特定领域中(常以一个主导产业为核心),大量产业联系密切的企业以及相关支撑机构在空间上集聚,并…     

西部地区中小企业集群化发展对策

中小企业与大企业在全球市场同台竞技的时候,核心问题总是如何形成其竞争优势,而企业竞争优势的确立与其规模密切相关。中小企业与大企业相比,在企业规模上存在明显的劣势。因此,中小企业要形成战略伙伴关系才能克服与其规模相关的劣势。 中小企业集群是指在某一特定领域中通常以一个主导产业为核心,大量产业联系密切的中小企业以及相关支撑机构在空间上集聚所形成的集合体。由于长期国家产业政策的地区倾斜、市场机制的不断深化和     

区域块状经济发展现状、特点以及提升对策

块状经济,也有人叫"区域块状经济",也就是区域特色经济.它是指在一定地域集聚形成具有比较优势、能够带动当地经济和社会发展的特色产业及其组织形式,是由许多企业尤其是中小企业集聚形成的专业化产业区,其本质为一种产业集群.根据有关专家统计划分,如果某一个地区有10家以上企业生产同类或相关产品、年产值上亿元,则该产业区域就可以被称为块状经济.     

产业集群与工业园区建设研究

产业集群是产业在空间集聚的普遍现象。在发达国家,产业集群已发展得相当成熟。我国珠三角、长三角等沿海经济发达区域,正迅速成长起许多表现出高度集聚特征、高专业化的产业群。通过对产业集聚与工业园区的关联分析,提出了廊坊经济技术开发区产业集群发展的战略。     

上海现代服务业的空间集聚与演化效应

现代服务业是伴随着信息技术和知识经济的发展而产生,用现代化的新技术、新业态和新服务方式改造和提升传统服务业,创造需求,引导消费,向社会提供高附加值、多层次、知识型的生产服务和生活服务的国民经济新领域。产业集群的崛起是在全球经济一体化的背景下,产业为创造竞争优势而形成的产业空间组织形式。上海现代服务业表现出集群化发展趋势,大量的现代服务企业在空间上形成集聚,进一步提升了上海服务业的水平和质量。     

廊坊市家具制造产业集群发展研究

产业集群是产业在空间集聚的普遍现象,在发达国家,产业集群已发展得相当成熟。通过对廊坊市家具制造产业集群的发展现状、存在问题的深入分析得出只有通过不断巩固特色区域为目标、以产业升级改造为重点、以人才聚集为支撑、以技术创新为动力才能有效地推动廊坊市家具制造产业集群的发展。     

企业集群与城镇化研究

社会经济的发展往往会带来两个方面的发展,一是企业的集群发展,另外就是城镇化的发展。这两者从成因上来看具有较大的关联。企业的集群化发展可以大量增加就业岗位,提升企业的市场竞争力和影响力,促进周边资源的集聚,从而带动周边经济的发展,促进城镇化的发展。反过来看,城镇化的发展又能够有效地推动企业的集群发展。可以说城镇化是企业集群现象的必然结果,因此本文有必要探讨在城镇化的发展过程中企业集群对其具有什么样的促进作用,二者如何在互动联系中形成共同促进和发展的机制。     

知识产权文化在泛长三角的推广与新型产业升级

当前,如何正确地认识伴随着知识进步、信息网络变革、文化跃迁以致汹涌而来的新经济的特征,把握经济及由之出现的战略性新兴产业的发展规律、发展趋势与运行机制,以便更好地为我国目前不断掀起的产业集聚(或产业集群)热潮提供比较及参照经验,显得十分重要和异常紧迫。事实上,无论产业集聚(或产业集群),还是科技创新、制度创新、区域经济空间结构转型创新,都根本不能离开知识产权战略及其文化的因势利导与决定性作用发挥。立足泛长三角区域当前各种客观现实和未来长远出路,结合全国的统筹及整体发展需要,对产业集聚(或产业集群)前后过程势必涉及的经济、科技、生态环境、资源、社会因素与知识产权战略包括所含的文化关联互动,侧重从大系统层面进行深入探讨、剖析和论证。     

广东高新技术产业空间集聚作用初探

区域经济的理论与实践表明，集聚不仅是区域主导产业形成的途径．也是高科技产业的区位特征。阐述了高新技术产业空间集聚的机理，分析了广东高新技术产业空间焦聚的特征和实践探索。     

亚洲国家城市化的发展及其面临的挑战

随着经济全球化的推进,人们对经济区域化的关注也相应增加了。大量学者用地区聚集与产业聚集相结合的企业集群、网络与产业区等概念来解释各地区经济竞争力的差别。企业集群早在18世纪的英国就已出现,马歇尔在19世纪后期曾对此做过一些理论解释,例如,把产业的地区性聚集看     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.