作业基础成本改善控制研究

作业成本管理(ABM)设定成本标准，Kaizen控制改善成本标准，作业基础成本改善控制整合ABM的作业、过程管理观和Kaizen控制的“持续改善”管理理念。本文评述了Kaizen控制和ABM模式的特征：提出了以作业增值分析、作业价值乘数分析和作业效率分析为内容的作业基础成本改善控制模型．并阐述了该模型中的关键实施过程；最后得出结论。     

基于DEA的作业消耗资源效率分析

将数据包络分析(DEA)引入了作业成本管理(ABM),给出了适用的定量化分析方法,从不同角度分析了作业消耗资源的效率.确定作业消耗资源的DEA有效性;确定各DMU在有效生产前沿面上的"投影",并为下一期间的作业改进提供信息;确定资源投入的总体利用率和各项输入可变资源的利用率.最后,用该模型对某企业的作业进行了实证分析.     

基于成本的车间作业优化模型及实证研究

介绍车间作业优化问题,探讨作业、成本的关系并构建作业成本计算模型,将作业成本法与作业优化理论相结合,提出基于成本的作业优化模型,并使用该模型进行了企业实证研究,分析了作业成本法下作业优化模型的实际使用效果。     

作业成本法应用的可行性研究

作业成本法的理论基础是"成本动因论"。这种理论认为分配间接费用应着眼于这些成本的来源,将间接成本分配与导致其发生的因素联系起来。作业成本观点认为,企业是由一系列作业组成的作业链,每完成一项作业要消耗一定的资源,引起成本超支或节约的原因是作业(活动),是作业(活动)引起了成本的发生,企业管理的重点应放在作业(活动)上,而不是其表象——成本上。产品成本实际上就是制造和运送产品所需全部作业所消耗的资源成本之和。因此,作业成本法将成本计算的着眼点放在作业上,以作业为成本核算的对象。     

奇瑞汽车作业增值性分析及成本降低对策

目前汽车行业竞争已到白热化程度,要想在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地,除了加大自主研发力度,生产出更多质量上乘、节能环保、性价比高的高科技产品,有效的途经就是在企业成本管理系统上进行改进。为此,本文从作业成本法的基本原理法入手,以奇瑞汽车为例,阐述作业成本法在汽车制造业的可行性和实用性,企业通过对作业进行动态分析,对各个作业中心进行了增值性分析,促进企业消除或减少不增值作业,提高增值作业效率,减少资源消耗,提高整个企业的效率和竞争力。     

基于DEA的作业分析与评价模型

论文将数据包络分析(DEA)引入了作业成本管理(ABM),用定量化分析模型从不同角度分析了作业消耗资源和提供价值的效率,并进行了实证分析。基于DEA的作业分析与评价模型可以得到以下信息:(1)确定作业消耗资源的DEA有效性;(2)确定各DMU在有效生产前沿面上的投影,并为下一期间的作业改进提供信息;(3)确定资源输入的总体利用率和各项输入可变资源的利用率;(4)采用复合DEA模型评价非财务指标对作业有效性的影响。     

作业基础成本革新控制研究

作业成本计算（ABC）准确计算产品成本，成本企划在产品设计阶段实施成本控制，作业基础成本革新控制（ABI）整合ABC成本信息与成本企划“前馈式控制”的思想．能够改善企业成本控制效果。本文简要评述了成本企划的特征；提出了由设定目标成本、估算产品成本、比较估算成本与目标成本、按功能别展开估算成本和降低成本五步骤构成的ABI模型：详细讨论了降低成本的价值工程法、作业共享法与零部件分析法；并与成本企划作了相关理论比较：最后得出结论。     

炼油化工企业基于作业链网的分步作业成本法

炼油化工企业的各个作业之间相互联结,前后有序,呈网状结构,形成作业链网.本文以作业成本计算理论为基础,根据炼化企业的生产特点和管理要求,提出了基于作业链网的分步作业成本计算理论.通过确定作业链网、建立分步作业成本计算模型,计算各步骤与各种产品的作业成本,从而提供产品、作业成本信息以及作业链网的详细成本信息,为决策提供支持.     

基于价值链的作业成本控制研究

成本控制贯穿于项目建设、产品设计、生产、销售等各个阶段,形成以作业为主线的成本控制链条,构成作业管理的主要内容。因此,作业成本控制更具战略性,更可以从战略的高度、价值链管理的思维方式,创造出效率更高、效果更好的成本控制机制。     

我国企业实施作业成本管理现状及发展趋势分析

在经济全球化以及我国市场经济体制深入发展的经济形势下,随着市场竞争的加剧与企业管理水平的不断提升,企业内控体系中传统的成本管理方式已经无法与企业经营、发展的需求相适应,甚至已经成为制约企业经营决策与成本控制工作发展的桎梏.因此,越来越多的企业开始意识到作业成本管理的重要价值,并开始在企业内控工作中启用作业成本管理这一全新的成本管理方式.本文从我国企业实施作业成本管理的现状出发,在全面分析作业成本管理应用现状的基础上,对企业实施作业成本管理的发展趋势进行简要探究.     

基于资源观点的联盟中价值创造研究综述

基于资源观点对战略联盟环境下价值创造的研究成果进行了综述. 首先从租金收入的差 异入手,比较了基于资源观点的不同理论分支的特点和区别,在此基础上对联盟环境下价值创 造方式的内容和特点进行了总结,讨论了不同价值创造方式的区别及其相互关系,最后对现有 的研究成果进行了评价并指出了未来可能的研究方向.     

A classification of resources for employee-based value creation and a future research agenda

This conceptual paper aspires to provide a theoretically sound understanding of the value creation process of a specific value network (i.e., firm–employee context). Drawing on service-logic and resource-based frameworks, a classification of four diverse resource types in an organizational context is introduced (i.e., core, augmented, add-on, peripheral resources), based on their exchangeability and their contribution to employees’ value creation and co-creation. This classification enables a better understanding of the nature and the unique features of different firm–employee exchanges in an organizational context, and delineates each type’s distinctive role in employee-based value creation activities. Four propositions derive from this classification; this suggests that not all resource types can be exchanged and that the relative contribution of various firm–employee exchanges to value creation is asymmetrical. A future research agenda is also presented, discussing the potential implications of this classification for contemporary organizations.     

通过顾客关系服务化来强化顾客价值过程--顾客关系时代的营销新命题

本文建立在这样一个全新的观念基础之上,即营销资源和活动必须与企业所面临的目标顾客相互一致,同时,顾客价值不是由制造商或服务提供者创造的,而是由顾客在其价值创造过程中创造的.企业的资源、流程和能力并不是企业的生产(如产品)、管理(如网站)、财务(如结算)、法律(如顾客申述的处理)及其它活动过程的结果,而应当被视为顾客价值创造过程的投入要素.因此,供应商的作用是通过向顾客提供恰当的资源要素,如产品、服务、信息、服务补救、个性化关怀等来支持顾客价值创造过程,并与顾客资源形成互动,惟此,顾客才会感知到价值被创造出来.要以此方式运营,企业必须将自己看作是服务企业,而且真正地为顾客服务.为强化顾客价值的生成,企业必须将其客户关系中的所有要素"服务化"(Servicizing),无论是与制造或服务相关的,还是管理、财务或者法律等常规活动.这些常规活动通常属于"隐性服务"(HiddenService),它们在价值创造中的潜力没有得到应有重视.相反,这些要素对顾客价值的生成过程常常起到破坏而不是支撑作用."服务化"意味着要将所有与顾客关系相关的要素,不管它们的类型和特性如何,转化为顾客价值创造过程中的投入要素.最后,本文还探讨了在顾客关系管理时代,如何配置企业营销资源及营销规划等问题.     

Power imbalance and value creation in joint ventures

Joint ventures (JVs) often do not create expected value due to power imbalance between partners. Despite the fact that JV partners are embedded in relational constraints, prior research has largely relied on economic reasoning by focusing on equity ownership difference between JV partners as the main source of power imbalance. We extend prior research to also consider important relational factors represented by repeated ties between partners and network openness, as well as institutional status difference and network status difference as two additional dimensions of power imbalance. Our findings indicate that ownership power imbalance by itself does not have a significant effect on value creation. However, value creation is facilitated when there is ownership power imbalance between partners with more repeated ties. In contrast, value creation may be hindered when JV partners with unequal ownership are embedded in more open interfirm alliance networks. Furthermore, value creation is facilitated if JV partners that have unequal ownership also have network status power imbalance in the same direction.     

Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility and Value Creation among Large Firms: Lessons from the Spanish Experience

Can corporate social responsibility (CSR) be a source of good and a wellspring of innovation, competitive advantage and value creation for the firm? Although CEOs and government leaders insist in public that CSR projects create value for the firm, privately they admit that they do not know if CSR pays off. To address this question and drawing on experience for the Spanish context, we test one of the few efforts to model how the strategic management of CSR may contribute to improving firm profitability (Burke and Logsdon, 1996). To do this, we examine the impact of three strategic CSR variables – visibility, appropriability, and voluntarism – on value creation among large Spanish corporations. The conclusions from these findings suggest that managers need to understand how CSR is similar to and different from other traditional corporate market activities if they are to pursue value creation through CSR. We also suggest avenues for future research to explain how CSR may be integrated into firm processes to create resources (assets) and capabilities (routines) that may lead to competitive advantage and superior economic performance.     

国外公司创业投资中组织间学习研究述评

公司创业投资中,组织间学习的研究打开了公司创业投资价值创造机制的"黑箱"。不同类型的学习及社会互动是公司创业投资中组织间学习的关键机制,而知识产权保护、吸收能力、相关度、社会网络和社会资本是公司创业投资中组织间学习的重要影响因素。基于此,对未来的研究方向进行了探讨。     

相互投资与人力资本投资对研发外包决策影响研究

本文运用产权理论模型,通过分析最优和次优两种状态下企业和研发机构的均衡投资水平,重点讨论企业和研发单位自我投资和相互投资对研发外包决策的影响,并通过进一步揭示物质资产与人力资产在研发外包中的作用,提出根据专用性投资的特点调整研发外包策略,继而实现最优的研发效果。研究结果表明:相互投资弹性更高的一方更应该拥有外包的所有权;企业应根据双方相互投资的投资弹性高低调整研发外包策略;外包项目中人力资本投资比物质资本投资更重要。研究结果对企业有效利用研发外包进行创新提供了有力的理论指导。     

e-SCM系统的收益测算机制设计

作为供应链管理(Supply Chain Management,SCM)的支持手段,e-SCM系统(electronic Supply Chain Management System)的投资滞后成为制约SCM实现的重要障碍。本文借助Preinreich-Luecke定理、相对直接成本以及作业成本法所提供的理论框架,设计了简便易行的e-SCM系统收益测算机制,将其作为e-SCM系统投资决策的先导和收益实现的重要基础。本文的主要结论是:仅当业绩量的成本来源具有可变特质时,e-SCM系统所带来的业绩量才会产生经济收益,以库存为核心的资金占用成本因而成为业绩额的主要来源。仅需提取企业少量运营数据即可进行e化收益测算,客观上增加了测算的可行性。     

Economic view of CIM system architecture

The synergistic advantage of systems integration for Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) has been a powerful thrust behind the productivity advancement in recent decades. However, the dependency among components, the intangible benefits and complexity of the system have been a barrier for system developers and the business community. This paper reports a systematic approach to assess economic merits of the CIM system. It projects CIM system designs on a multiple layer architecture with consideration of project life cycle. It introduces a modelling formalism to present a structured view of the economic aspect of the CIM system. The multiple criteria's aspect of CIM justification was treated with the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. The complexity of various cost factors is reduced through application of the ABC (Activity Based Costing) method. The benefits of low level activities, both tangible and intangible, are then hierarchically aggregated into higher level system objectives. It also provides the necessary linkages between the economic and other views. A simple example was used to illustrate the approach.     

Managing crowdsourced software testing: a case study based insight on the challenges of a crowdsourcing intermediary

Crowdsourcing has gained much attention in practice over the last years. Numerous companies have drawn on this concept for performing different tasks and value creation activities. Nevertheless, despite its popularity, there is still comparatively little well-founded knowledge on crowdsourcing, particularly with regard to crowdsourcing intermediaries. Crowdsourcing intermediaries play a key role in crowdsourcing initiatives as they assure the connection between the crowdsourcing companies and the crowd. However, the issue of how crowdsourcing intermediaries manage crowdsourcing initiatives and the associated challenges has not been addresses by research yet. We address these issues by conducting a case study with a German start-up crowdsourcing intermediary called testCloud that offers software testing services for companies intending to partly or fully outsource their testing activities to a certain crowd. The case study shows that testCloud faces three main challenges, these are: managing the process, managing the crowd and managing the technology. For each dimension, we outline mechanisms that testCloud applies for facing the challenges associated with crowdsourcing projects.