民国时期青海城镇市场述论

民国时期青海的城镇市场在原有基础上有了一定发展,虽然许多地方仍不尽人意,但还是对传统的军事和交通重镇模式有所突破,商贸业的顺利运营在城镇发展过程中起着越来越突出的作用.文章以西宁、湟源、结古、鲁沙尔4个具有代表性的城镇市场的发育状况为例,指出它们各自的发展缘由与特点,并归纳出民国时期青海城镇市场的总体特征,以期对此领域有较为明晰的认识和科学的总结.     

对口援疆凝聚民族团结深情灾捐款

20新16年7月10日，位于疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州的湖北省援疆工作前方指挥部，收到一位维吾尔族老人亲自送来的6000元捐款，捐款人是该州博乐市小营盘镇乌图布拉格村党支部书记、村委会主任吐尔逊?艾则孜。68岁的吐尔逊老人饱含深情地说：“这6000元是我刚卖牛的收入，全部捐献出来，就是为了支持湖北乡亲们抗洪救灾。希望能为湖北受灾的亲人们添件遮风挡雨的衣衫，买口热热乎乎的饭菜。”     

民族知识——壮族

<正>壮族是由古代百越的一支发展形成的,主要分布在我国广西、云南、广东、湖南、贵州、四川等省区,以广西最多。人口1617.88万(2000年),是中国少数民族中人口最多的民族。壮族有自己的语言文字,壮语属汉藏语系壮侗语族壮傣语支,文字系1955年创制的拉丁字母拼音文字。     

进一步巩固我国多民族大家庭——《回族对伟大祖国的贡献》序

由甘肃省委书记苏荣提议,甘肃省政协牵头,具体由喇敏智副主席(回族)负责,喇敏智主编、马明良执行主编,组织兰州大学、西北民族大学、西北师范大学及北京、宁夏、甘肃有关研究院所的学者专家撰写了《回族对伟大祖国的贡献》一书。该书着重突出回族从近现代至当代的贡献和作为,特别是在维护国家安全与统一、抵御外侮、保家卫国、开发祖国、发展经济、繁荣中华文化、推进科技进步及发展教育、艺术、体育、卫生等事业方面所做出的突出贡献,分总论、文化篇、政治篇、经济篇、精神篇几个板块,体例新颖,文字流畅,写出了回族的辉煌业绩和骄人贡献,展示了回族的全新面貌,令人耳目一新,是目前我国第一部系统论述回族对祖国历史和现实贡献的专著。书前有中共中央政治局常委、全国政协主席贾庆林关于《回族对伟大祖国的贡献》一书的批示,有全国政协副主席张思卿、白立忱(回族)、李兆焯(壮族),第九届全国人大常委会副委员长布赫(蒙古族),第九届全国政协副主席王文元,中共中央统战部副部长、国家民委主任李德洙(朝鲜族)及甘肃省党、政、军各方面领导同志仲兆隆、李乾元、喻林祥、李子奇的重要题词。这些题词充分肯定了《回族对伟大祖国的贡献》这本书对发扬回族优良传统,增强民族间的了解和团结,构建和谐社会的重要意义。为此,本刊特向读者推荐这本书,并将刘延东同志的序文和苏荣同志的批示刊出,以荐读者。     

爱国爱教身先垂范——访中国伊斯兰教协会会长、著名阿洪陈广元

陈广元是我国当代大阿洪,现任北京东四清真寺教长、北京市伊斯兰教协会会长、中国伊斯兰教协会会长、中国伊斯兰教教务指导委员会主任、北京市伊斯兰教经学院院长、中国伊斯兰教经学院院长、北京市政协常委、全国政协常委。认识陈广元这个名字是从他编写的《伊斯兰教基本知识》     

藏族风马旗观念的起源与民俗象征

在藏族风马旗的起源研究中,一般认为它与阴阳五行思想密切相关.本文作者认为风马旗起初的观念可能与上古时代(公元前12世纪)中亚、东亚地区的英雄崇拜与祭祀地神以求福禄有关.另外,风马旗中"五兽"及其所代表的"四方"概念,除了包括阴阳五行、佛教、苯教等的信仰象征以外,它还可能代表着早期藏族氏族图腾象征,或许还寓意着藏民族形成乃至国家(如吐蕃)形成的思想.     

阿拉伯国家的中国留学生及其影响

海外华人现已遍及世界各地,人数达几千万之众.海外华人问题亦早已为海内外学者所关注和研究.但学者们多把重点放在海外华人比较集中的东南亚、欧美等地,对阿拉伯国家中华人的关注明显不足.     

西藏社会主义新农村建设的新进展——安居工程

西藏自治区政府将安居工程作为西藏社会主义新农村建设新阶段的突破口和工作重点。本文根据中国藏学研究中心课题组的实地调研资料,参考政府统计数据,介绍了安居工程的基本情况,分析了现阶段安居工程建设的成果和不足,并有针对性地提出了改进的建议。     

花垣交通“神话”

近年来,谈到花垣县经济突飞猛进的发展时,人们往往会想到花垣丰富的矿产。然而有一个同样突出的事实,那就是花垣在湘西州全州率先实现了村村通公路;花垣的通乡公路改造、农村客运站建设等等也在全州名列前茅。如今,人们喜欢谈论花垣交通的枢纽作用,对吉茶高速、张花高速更是津津乐道,这一切都在传颂着花垣交通人凭着顽强的精神,用勤劳的双手造就的一个个传奇般的"神话"。     

为一个让民歌流传的梦

有这样一种人,他们在幕后默默无闻,为许多歌手谱写了一首首红遍大江南北的歌曲;他们放弃了很多世俗的东西,只为坚持梦想,人前的花开,人后的寂寞,都付之一笑;他     

A political profile of Protestant minorities in Europe

This article uses a large volume of data – in particular, surveys – to explore the character of Protestant identity in contemporary European states. It distinguishes three contexts. First, in the Nordic and certain adjacent states, the dominance of Protestantism was complete, but more recent secularisation has provoked a reaction from Christian parties, which enjoy strong support from active Protestants. Second, in certain states that in the past were predominantly Protestant, and where the ethos of the state was aggressively so, a significant Catholic minority was counter-mobilised politically, but as the dominant state-building parties became increasingly secular, committed Protestants reacted in different ways, including the formation of splinter parties (as in the Netherlands and Switzerland) or working within the traditional parties (as in Great Britain and Germany). Third, in a few states there has traditionally been a small Protestant minority, which has played a significant role in national development, but in these cases (mainly successor states to the Habsburg monarchy) decades of communist rule have largely obliterated what might have been distinctive patterns of political behaviour. The article explores variation in group identity patterns and in attitudes towards the state in those cases for which appropriate survey data are available, and devotes particular attention to the position within the United Kingdom, where religion has played a prominent role in the state- and nation-building process.     

‘Gone,leave, go,move, vanish’: race,public space and (in)visibilities

This chapter is a discussion of the various ways Canadian-born young men of colour (aged 17–26) experience (in)visibilities in the public spaces of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). I begin this chapter by analyzing the different ways ‘visibility’ and ‘invisibility’ have been conceptualized in the scholarly literature, including literatures on homelessness, public space, and race. Invisibilities include ‘invisible homelessness’ as well as material invisibilities in which young men of colour both purposefully and accidentally navigate public spaces in ways that affect whether they are seen or unseen and by whom. This research emphasizes the contingency and indeterminacy of varying (in)visibilities. Despite the various ways they move between visibility and invisibility in public spaces, young men of colour experiencing homelessness maintain an explicit presence in urban street spaces. Understanding their experiences of (in)visibility in urban space helps us understand the geographies of race and racism in the GTA and in North American cities more broadly.     

清朝时期儒学在青海循化地区的传播及难以展开的原因分析

儒学在青海的传播大体上遵循中央政府势力在地域上以西宁为中心,渐次由东部农业区向周边少数民族地区扩开的规律。乾隆、同治、光绪年间三次大规模回族撒拉族反清事件发生之后,清王朝始在循化等地力建儒学。由于儒学教育很难让边地民众获得参与主流社会所需要的知识、态度和技能,儒学在以循化为代表的青海少数民族地区的展开难与内地相等。     

Statelessness in a world of nation-states: the cases of Kurdish diasporas in Sweden and the UK

Mass displacement in the Middle East is a major political challenge for contemporary Middle Eastern and Western states. As a consequence, statelessness has emerged as one of the central political issues in relation to the collapse and weakening of the states in the Middle East. Through deploying a qualitative inquiry and interviews with 50 Kurdish immigrants, this article investigates how members of Kurdish diasporas in Sweden and the UK conceive and experience statelessness in a world of unequal nation-states and hierarchical citizenship. Since diasporas are important non-state actors in nation-building processes, it is important to analyse their diasporic visions and the ways they challenge or reinforce the power of the nation-state in the context of migration. While from a legal or a right-based approach, the solution to statelessness is found in acquisition of a nationality/citizenship, I posit that in a world structured by the political normativity of the nation-state, nations without states will continue to be in search of national self-determination, political autonomy and sovereignty in the international comity of sovereign nations.     

云南回族马帮的组织与分布

马帮是一个集货物运输与商业贸易为一体的商旅组织 ,肇始于古代云南边疆地区 ,流行于云南三迤各族群及毗邻的东南亚泰、缅、老、越各山地民族社会 ,以及中国西南的川、黔、桂、藏和印度、尼泊尔等的广阔区域里。云南有回、汉、白、彝、藏等 5个族群从事马帮营运活动 ,但以回族马帮规模最大、历史最久。本文依据田野调查资料 ,对云南回族马帮的组织结构、地区分布、通商道路、营运货物等 ,作了系统论述     

西双版纳傣族宗教生活的世俗化倾向--以嘎洒、勐罕、大勐龙三镇为例

如果对20世纪90年代以来西双版纳傣族的宗教生活做一个总体的回顾,就可以得出这样的结论西双版纳傣族的小乘佛教正处于日益世俗化的进程中.文章以西双版纳三个傣族乡镇的宗教生活为田野调查个案,并对这三个个案进行了比较分析,从中得出西双版纳傣族的宗教生活在不同方面、不同程度上都存在着世俗化的倾向.本文以此为切入点,来探讨社会转型时期西双版纳傣族的文化价值取向.     

Working together in a deficit logic: home–school partnerships with Somali diaspora parents

Drawing on discursive psychology this article examines the understandings teachers and principals in Danish Public Schools have regarding Somali diaspora parenting practices. Furthermore, the article investigates what these understandings mean in interaction with children in the classrooms and with parents in home–school communication. It is argued that in a society with increased focus on parental responsibility the teachers and principals draw on a deficit logic when dealing with Somali diaspora parents and children which consequently leads to teachers either transmitting their expertise by educating parents or compensating for perceived deficiencies in parental practices. Both these strategies result in significant marginalizing consequences where ‘difference’ is understood as ‘wrong’ or ‘inadequate’.     

言语交际的性别差异

本文以语言学家和社会学家的研究成果为基础,依照心理学、交际学和伦理学,从社会语言学的角度对男女交际中的语言形式展开了研究,分析了男女之间存在的语言差异.文章指出男性和女性在语言方面所存在的差异是造成跨性别文化交际的障碍.同时也简要分析了造成差异的几方面原因及这一研究在跨性别交往中的重要性.     

Trust among recent immigrants in Canada: levels,roots and implications for immigrant integration

ABSTRACT

Generalised trust promotes social interactions and may well be a crucial component of immigrant integration. Recent immigrants in particular are likely to be viewed by themselves and others as ‘outsiders’ who are unfamiliar with the expectations and norms that structure day-to-day social interactions in the host country. This study relies on a unique combination of three sources of data all derived from World Values Surveys to examine levels of trust, and its sources, among newcomers in one country with a large immigrant population, Canada. The evidence indicates that recent immigrants to Canada make a clear distinction between trust in other people in general, and trust in Canadians in particular: the former is grounded in pre-migration cultural influences, while the latter is grounded in immigrants’ experiences in the new host country. Moreover, the evidence suggests trust in Canadians is a crucial component of immigrant integration.     

中国新疆维吾尔族乐器制作工艺

本调查通过对中国新疆喀什的一位乐器制作工匠的采访发现,维吾尔族的技能手工业是以维吾尔家庭为单位的,维吾尔族家庭的文化支持着维吾尔人的产业,并允许它在大规模生产和大量广告投放的今天继续生存下去,具体来说,维吾尔族家庭文化是制作工艺的强大后盾,所有权世代继承,同时客户也具有连续性。