城乡交错区一体化发展的空间模式解构研究——以西安为例

城乡交错区是快速城市化发展背景下,城市和乡村界限不断模糊、交叉、融合的典型景观区域,是受城市辐射影响及功能扩展延续较为深刻的区域,也是城乡一体化发展的先行区.文章以城乡一体化为视角,以西安城乡交错区内的城乡空间结构融合为切入点,深入分析和揭示城乡交错区形成、发展的动力机制及其二元空间结构协调失衡的内在原因,并以此为分析依据,提出空间结构有机整合、各类用地有机整合的城乡交错区城乡空间一体化具体策略.     

农林交错地区和谐社会构建的探索与实践——以伊春国有林区为例

农林交错地区是我国国有林区现有体制下形成的一个特定概念和特定现象,主要是由某一区域内森林资源管理权与地方行政管理权相分离而造成的事权交叉、农林交错,其所寓含的主要矛盾缘于两套不同管理体制作用到同一区域,体现在"养林"与"养人"、保护资源与发展经济上,就形成了双方利益的尖锐对立甚至对抗,因而导致了诸多不和谐因素的存在。2003年以来,伊春国有林区按照构建和谐社会的根本要求,主动吸收当地农民参与农林交错地区的森林管护经营,逐步引导建立了一个农民正当谋取自身利益、国家森林资源得到有效保护的良性互动机制,从而钝化了矛盾,保护了森林资源,促进了区域经济社会的和谐发展。     

农村土地制度改革及今后的完善思路

现代中国的农村土地制度进行了三次伟大变革,其基本成果就是现行农村土地制度;这一制度关系国之根本并具有其基本合理性,但也存在某些严重缺陷,应当以高度慎重的态度进行渐进式的改革完善。城乡二元体制是造成农村土地制度严重缺陷的首要根源,应当坚决摒弃。     

重庆市农村集体建设用地流转问题探讨

农村集体土地特别是集体建设用地流转问题,是制约我国农业融资与农村土地市场发育的重要因素。全国各地都在法律法规的框架下,积极探索集体建设用地流转的途径与方法。自重庆市获批设立全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区以来,其农业资本需求日益旺盛。通过分析集体建设用地流转的现状、动因与问题,提出应对建议,以期为其他农村土地市场发育滞后的地区提供借鉴。     

农村土地流转进程中无地农民面临的困境及对策探析

土地承包期＂长久不变＂的本意是为农村土地流转顺利推进奠定权能基础,但此项政策在实际操作中却有可能固化村集体组织内的人均占地不均的现状,在农村缺乏有效的社会保障情况下,可能进一步加剧无地农民的生存困境。因此,需要理性对待并采取有效措施解决农村土地流转进程中的＂长久不变＂政策对无地农民造成的生存困难问题。在土地承包经营权流转中,通过强化无地农民享有特定的集体成员优先权,以及加大针对无地农民的社会保障体系的建设,可以有效化解农村现有的人均占地不均状况,使土地承包期＂长久不变＂的政策目标所蕴含的内在冲突得到有效化解。     

Validation of the ultra-short scale for measuring work engagement among social workers in Chinese contexts

Based on 683 valid questionnaires collected among a convenience sample of social workers from Hong Kong, Macau and three other cities in mainland China, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the three-item ultra-short Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (C-UWES-3). The results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the discriminant validity of C-UWES-3 by differentiating its three items from other five items measuring emotional exhaustion and role ambiguity. The concurrent validity of C-UWES-3 was supported by its superior explanatory power to the original nine-item version of the scale (C-UWES-9) in relation to explaining social workers' turnover intention. The convergent validity of C-UWES-3 was supported by its correlations vis-à-vis factors in the job demands-resources model such as job demands, job resources, turnover intention and collective psychological ownership. The C-UWES-3 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81). Overall, the C-UWES-3 demonstrates excellent psychometric properties for informing future research.     

论我国国有资产的分级所有

为了消除现行国有资产管理体制下预算软约束、国有资产流失、地方政府缺乏积极性等弊端 ,目前国有资产的“统一所有 ,分级管理”体制亟须改为“分级所有 ,分级管理”体制。国有资产的分级所有 ,并不意味着国家宏观控制能力的弱化 ,不会导致“诸侯经济”和区域经济差距的扩大。国有资产分级所有要确定中央政府和地方政府的所有权在不同领域的划分原则 ;确定国有资产分级所有的划分标准 ,从而成功地实现国有资产的分级所有     

The Relationship Between Citizen Participation and Organizational Processes and Outcomes and the Benefits of Citizen Participation in Neighborhood Organizations

ABSTRACT

A major resource of neighborhood organizations is the voluntary participation of residents who give their time and energy to improve their communities. In recent years, there has been a revitalization of strategies to engage residents to volunteer for neighborhood-based organizations. Guided by organizational empowerment theory and the ecological perspective, the current study examined the relationship between citizen participation and organizational characteristics and effectiveness and the benefits received by residents participating in neighborhood organizations in poor communities. The data were gathered through a survey of resident volunteers in four neighborhood organizations in Pennsylvania and were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses. The results showed that volunteers' level of involvement in their neighborhood organization influenced their self-efficacy. However, volunteers' perceptions of their neighborhood organizations' characteristics and effectiveness were the most strongly related to the benefits of citizen participation, contributing to residents' self efficacy, collective efficacy, and sense of community. Implications for social work research and practice are discussed.     

论唐代节度使的兴起和演变

唐代节度使的兴起和演变自有其特定的缘由 :从经济和军事方面看 ,因均田制的破坏而引起府兵制的瓦解 ,改变了过去兵农合一 ,寓兵于农的特点 ;从政治方面看 ,玄宗朝中后期的朝政腐败 ,使中央政府统治力量每况愈下 ;从社会方面看 ,在唐王朝中央力量削弱的同时 ,周边少数民族势力却在逐渐增强。所有这些都给节度使的出现和割据局面的形成创造了客观条件。     

论汉代田庄形成的基础

私有土地和依附人口是汉代田庄形成、存在和发展的物质基础。田庄主通过国家的授田、赐田、继承、买卖或强取豪夺获得了大量土地，并依靠其控制的宗族、奴婢、宾客、徒附等依附人口建立起了自己的田庄。土地和人口的流动性使得以土地和人口为基础的田庄不能在某一个家族中长久地延续下去。     

广西壮族自治区壮族的农村问题和退耕还林(上)

对广西壮族自治区壮族的农村问题和退耕还林进行实地调查研究,结合考察中国其它地域的情况,认为中国的退耕还林工作取得了较大成功,但在快速发展的同时还需注意出现的一些问题。