作为总体性的生产

生产是马克思思想体系中的一个核心概念,它是建构在以总体性为特征的实践概念的基础上的。不从总体性出发,就不能真正理解马克思的生产理论。资本主义政治经济学将生产仅仅理解成物质资料的生产,没有看到生产的总体性、丰富性和全面性。马克思社会基本矛盾运动理论无疑是建立在对生产总体性的理解基础之上的,也只有在人类历史性实践活动的总体中把握生产力、生产关系、经济基础、上层建筑,才能真正理解马克思通过批判政治经济学所得出来的"总体结果"的真实内涵。     

卢卡奇总体性辩证法的黑格尔主义溯源

总体性辩证法的目的在于克服第二国际正统马克思主义错误和总结匈牙利革命失败的教训,为无产阶级革命提供理论指导。通过继承黑格尔对直接性与现实性的区分,以历史的生成取代黑格尔哲学的事后反思,卢卡奇将黑格尔的辩证法改造为总体性辩证法,但是总体性辩证法的基础是思想起源和历史起源在原则上一致。这一原则仍属于黑格尔的观念论体系。只有在这一体系下,无产阶级才能被理解为历史同一的主体—客体。因为总体性辩证法从属于黑格尔主义,所以当卢卡奇以无产阶级的阶级意识作为物化问题的解决方案时,便陷入了乌托邦式的救世主主义困境。总体性辩证法是非马克思主义的辩证法。     

总体性辩证法下科学精神与工匠精神融合及其实践语境

既有对科学精神与工匠精神的理解大多强调二者的区别,并执着于某个领域性或行业性的特殊考察,尚未在工匠学理路上关注它们之间的共通性和互动互释的内在关联。为此,有必要在总体性辩证法下将科学精神与工匠精神的融合问题课题化,结合中国式现代化建设的实践语境分析,不仅在理论一般意义上逻辑地阐明何谓科学精神、工匠精神以及二者的融合,而且历史性地说明新时代科学精神与工匠精神实践融合的必然性、紧迫性及其所具有的塑造物与塑造人、成物与成己的双重功能。科学精神与工匠精神是提升劳动者科学素质和工程素质的关键,共同构成职人伦理的灵魂和最高境界,只有将二者内在地统一于主体的劳作和生产实践过程中,合内外之道地求真向善臻美,才能既实现组织的创新发展,又促进个体从“知之者”到“乐之者”再到“是之者”的劳动辩证法的历史展开,让实践主体在“去存在”的道路上成为“技艺型新匠人”,在总体上开显出生命力量与劳动意义。     

西方人本主义马克思主义的理论困境反思 --"总体性"概念的历史考辨

西方人本主义马克思主义主张马克思主义是一种人道主义,其理论核心是人的总体性问题.总体性是针对资本主义社会人的异化问题而提出来的概念.总体性在外部一直受到结构主义的攻击,关于总体性概念的理解一直在人本主义学派内部也有严重分歧,可以说,对总体性的分析已迫在眉睫.其中新马克思主义者科西克的"总体性"概念尤其具有启发性.而西方人本主义马克思主义的理论困境及出路都在于对"总体性"这一概念的仔细剖析.     

阿尔都塞:意识形态是一种永恒的但必须被超越的他者

对意识形态的解析与超越贯穿着阿尔都塞思想发展的始终,他在这一问题上始终处在一种思想张力之中:一方面,他认为意识形态是一种永恒的存在,但另一方面,他又始终致力于探寻超越或摒弃意识形态的可能性.在其早期阶段,阿尔都塞认为,"行动的天主教徒"是能够超越意识形态的.自上世纪40年代末开始,他又认为马克思是能够超越意识形态的,但他实际上是把马克思当作圣人来看待的,他在60年代对马克思哲学的经典阐述正是建立在此种思维层面上的.这一解读思路中的内在缺陷直接导致了他晚年的思想困惑.     

文体的意识形态——对当代长篇小说文体问题的一种研究

文体实验的花样翻新,是近来长篇小说创作中一个十分突出的现象。本文从个案入手,首先对韩少功、阎连科、莫言等人长篇小说创作中的文体实验现象作了分析,认为在这些重要作家中已经形成了一种文体的意识形态,并对这种意识形态生成的原因和变数作了探究。     

实践解释学视域内的意识形态批判理论

意识形态批判理论在早期西方马克思主义、法兰克福学派和后马克思主义那里分别表现为总体性批判、微观文化批判和话语政治批判三种形态.这三种意识形态批判理论都忽略了理解意识形态概念的解释学视角和实践、批判的维度.因而导致了各自的理论困境和理论局限性.实践解释学视域内的意识形态批判理论坚持意识形态概念的解释学视角和实践的批判视角,超越了以上三种意识形态批判理论.     

多元社会思潮背景下增强社会主义意识形态吸引力

近年来,在我国意识形态领域,存在着新自由主义、民主社会主义、历史虚无主义、拜金主义、消费主义和全球化等社会思潮.这些多元化的社会思潮通过广泛传播对增强社会主义意识形态吸引力产生了消极影响.其影响人们对指导思想的正确选择,有人甚至放弃了马克思主义的主体意识形态;动摇人们对共产主义和社会主义的理想信念,产生了"共产主义渺茫论";致使人们追求个人主义、享乐主义和拜金主义等错误的价值观;削弱了人们的民族价值观,追求"普世价值"等.为此,在社会思潮多元化背景下,我们应该积极探索增强社会主义意识形态吸引力的有效对策.坚持马克思主义指导思想一元化,反对指导思想多元化;继承中国优秀传统文化,增强社会主义意识形态吸引力;辩证否定社会思潮,维护我国社会主义意识形态的安全;创新意识形态工作方法,用社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮,用马克思主义占领意识形态思想阵地.     

全球化背景下中国文化安全的冲击与应对

文化安全和意识形态安全已被普遍认为非传统安全的重要内容。对于转型中的中国而言,文化安全和意识形态安全更具有特殊的价值和非同一般的重要性。全球化又使这一切复杂化、模糊化、纠织化。全球一体化激起了人们的美好愿望,而其异变性则带来了普遍的不安全感。全球化在本质上是各种资源的重新配置及趋利性的强化和异化。在此背景下,文化安全与意识形态的竞争、冲突表面上是话语权的争夺,而实质上是各种利益之争。全球化表现为一系列内在矛盾,这些矛盾给中国文化安全和意识形态安全带来了诸多深层次的两难问题,中国的适应和应对都很困难。从解决文化的神化、僵化和意识形态的模式化、剥蚀化问题为切入点,积极增进文化安全和意识形态安全,才能最终完成中国现代化和民族独立振兴的双重任务。     

全球化背景下的国家认同:一种结构视野下的分析（英文）

在流动的现代性的时代背景下,中国发展面临全球化的外力推动及社会内在转型的双向互动。在这一双重时空坐标中,对国家认同的考察不能醉心于国家认同的变迁与再建构的宏观研究层面或停留在具体形态诸如公民认同、民族认同等微观研究层面,而要加强沟通宏观与微观的中观层次学术考察,深入探讨国家认同何以可能的问题。为此,消解个人层面的本体性焦虑,使其回归本体性安全及实现国家层面的国家向心力的生产和再生产,彰显国家认同的功能性力量。无论是基于理论逻辑阐述还是事实经验考察,国家认同都不能独立地发挥稳定且持久的作用,而是需要经济激励系统、政治价值系统与制度组织系统三方面的基础性结构支撑,这三个领域的功能匹配是国家认同得以可能的有效路径。     

中国共产党与权力总量

权力总量与权力结构、制度化水平和政治体系的开放程度有关。只有权力结构处于均衡状态、政治体系内部各权力主体之间制度化程度较高以及政治体系保持开放的状态 ,权力才会保持最大量。中国共产党在社会主义革命和社会主义建设时期 ,都成功地创造了权力运行的良好政治环境 ,这与她合理地处理好影响权力总量的几个要素及其相互关系密不可分 ;同时 ,中国共产党在新形势下自觉地进行政治变革 ,使得权力总量始终保持着增量发展的态势 ,这也是中国共产党保持强大生命力的重要原因。     

Co-constructing the Personal Space-Time Totality: Listening to the Dialogue of Vygotsky, Lewin, Bronfenbrenner, and Stern

Insightful ideals on the subtle and dynamic relation between the person and the environment have been expressed by Vygotsky, Lewin, Bronfenbrenner and Stern. Carefully following their intricate dialogue reveals that their ideas are mutually enriching. The present essay aims to revitalize this intricate dialogue, and to show how it converges to supply rich meaning to the concept of personal space-time totality. With a view to an empirical study of the personal space-time totality, a four-phase inquiry is proposed, which is essentially a refined co-construction between the subject and the researcher. It is suggested that such a co-construction can be meaningfully integrated into research areas such as autobiographical and narrative studies, commonsense psychology, and optimal human development.     

Selective exposure to partisan media: Moderating factors in evaluations of the president

The conditions in which moderating factors – media trust, mediabias, and political ideology – increase or limit the approval ratings of a politician in a partisan media environment were investigated using data obtained from the 2010 Pew survey. The findings show that media trust and media bias intensify negative presidential evaluations among consumers of conservative news programs, whereas these factors do not influence presidential approval among consumers of liberal news programs. The findings also reveal that conservatives tend to choose to be exposed to news messages that are congenial to their ideological orientations, while liberals select a more balanced diet of news messages. This study proposes that moderating factors have different effects on conservative and liberal news consumers.     

The Concept of Function in Social Positioning Theory

The term function currently features prominently in outlines of social positioning theory but a sustained account of the view of function informing social positioning theory has yet to be supplied. In the absence of a fuller articulation of the theory's underlying view of function confusion and misinterpretation are likely to be encouraged especially among those committed to one or other of the numerous alternative accounts of function available. In this paper key features of the concept of function as it now appears in social positioning theory are identified and the similarities and differences between it and selected other views of function explored.     

巩固马克思主义指导地位必须坚持“四用”

巩固马克思主义指导地位,是巩固社会主义制度的必然需要。坚持"四用"原则,对"如何巩固马克思主义指导地位"这一命题作出了科学回答,开辟了马克思主义意识形态理论的新境界。     

Rights to special services for people with developmental disabilities in Sweden: The risks and benefits of a legislative approach

Several major pieces of legislation in Sweden have been developed and enacted during the twentieth century to enable people with disabilities to live as normal a life as possible. The legal instrument is not supposed to depend on political economic trends. Important changes in the new Act on Special Services for Developmentally Disabled Persons from 1986 include qualitative demands and the right to self-determination for these individuals. The special services covered by the law are called social rights. The implementation of these rights is under the jurisdiction of politically appointed councils in counties or municipalities. The decisions made by these authorities can be appealed in administrative courts. Judicial review is supposed to be an instrument for the protection of citizens from the authorities responsible for services. In theory, at least, when one disabled person wins a case in court, the precedent should trickle down to all individuals in similar predicaments. But this does not always occur. One problem is that the law has no sanctions to force local authorities to follow the precedents or to execute court decisions. This article focuses on the Act and on the interplay between court cases and precedents and the decisions made by local authorities.     

理论化与制度精神——由《占有、经营与治理：乡镇企业的三重分析概念》引申的几点思考

《占有、经营与治理：乡镇企业的三重分析概念》一文是近期中国社会学研究中基于中国经验的一种有意义的理论化尝试。研究者以理想型的方法构建了一个多重概念框架,力图呈现和解释作为总体现象的乡镇企业的多维面相和总体意义,揭示其展现出来的改革时代的制度精神。这项研究所呈现出的总体研究视角、概念框架与经验问题的相互作用的方法论取向,不仅体现了研究者所提出的“重返经典社会科学研究”的主张,而且对于推动中国社会学研究的理论化颇具意义。尽管该研究在总体概念框架的论述和对乡镇企业的制度精神的阐发等方面尚显不够,但依然体现了运用适当的经典社会科学概念解释中国经验问题的可能性及其有效性。     

Quality of experience in residential care programmes: Retrospective perspectives of former youth participants

This exploratory study examined perceptions of care quality within parent‐pay youth treatment programmes such as therapeutic boarding schools, residential treatment centres, wilderness therapy programmes, and intensive outpatient programmes. Reflecting on their personal experiences as youths, 214 adults reported on a total of 75 different treatment settings. Two indices developed for this study measured participants' perceptions of quality of experience and the totalistic programme characteristics of their care settings. Regression analyses and ANOVA tests of means indicated a negative relationship between totalistic programme characteristics and quality of experience index scores. Significant relationships were not found between quality of experience and forcible transport, intake decade, or the amount of time in treatment.     

Leading Article: Welfare Development in the Midst of Political Uncertainty

On 1st July 1997 Hong Kong will be transformed from a British colony into a Special Administration Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. Although the Basic Law, a mini-constitution for the future SAR government, states that “Hong Kong's capitalist system and lifestyle will remain unchanged for 50 years after the establishment of the SAR”, changes are perceived to be inevitable, not least in respect of the welfare policies to be implemented by the future SAR government. Indeed, since the signing of the Joint Declaration in 1984 between the British and Chinese Governments on the future of Hong Kong, the existing Colonial Government has been enlarging its role in the social services and making relevant policies more responsive to the needs of the people. These reforms have largely been carried out in line with the democratization process which Hong Kong has been undergoing in recent years. To what extent will these changes in welfare policies continue after 1997? It is argued here that with the enlargement of democracy, and especially the establishment of political parties claiming to represent the interests of the people, it would no longer be possible for Hong Kong to return to residual-type welfare programmes. While it would be unlikely for Hong Kong to develop into a “welfare state”, the future development of social services in Hong Kong would probably command widest acceptance if policies keep in line with the prevalent welfare ideology which stresses, on the one hand, the self-reliance of the people and, on the other, the responsibility of government to look after weaker members.     

马克思宗教本质观的六种解读之辨析

由于忽视了马克思哲学语境的变化和对宗教本质、属性、功能的混淆,人们对马克思的宗教本质观产生了种种误读,其中,宗教非理性说、宗教异化幻觉说、宗教意识形态说、宗教鸦片说、宗教文化论最有代表性。根据马克思的论述并借用恩格斯的概括,可以说,宗教是人间力量的超人间形式。与其他文化形式相比较,宗教最直观、最鲜明的特征就是其超验性。这是对马克思宗教本质观的准确把握。