Some Remarks on Statistical Education

A definition of the subject of statistics is given, and the difference between the chalkboard world of the teacher of statistics and the real world of the experimenter is stressed. An overemphasis on significance testing, hypothesis testing, and decision procedures has led to a de-emphasis of statistical design. The teaching of statistical design theory, statistics teaching in a changing world, the importance of model building, and different approaches to teaching statistics are discussed. Some published materials developed to meet teaching needs and a new type of statistics course are described. Information about special issues in statistical education (teaching and consulting) is presented.     

中国区域间教育平等状况的统计考察

 本文在分析区域教育不平等表现形式的基础上构建一了套测度区域教育平等的指标体系.通过对单个指标的地区差异进行分析比较,以及对区域间教育平等状况进行综合的实证分析,提出了一些针对性的建议以改善地区教育不平等情况.     

Statistical Education for Engineers: An Initial Task Force Report

This article describes a method for producing size-biased probability samples as originally proposed by Hanurav (1967) and Vijayan (1968). The complexity of the procedure has led to the development of microcomputer software that greatly facilitates the production of sampling plans as well as the computation of population estimates.     

大力发展和改革统计教育，加速培养统计专门人才

统计工作要适应国民经济建设和社会发展的需要,必须加快自身的现代化的步伐。国务院《关于加强统计工作的决定》中强调:统计工作现代化,就是要运用先进的统计科学和现代计算技术,来改革和完善我国的统计工作,要有计划有步骤地实现统计工作的“六化”,即统计指标体系完整化、统计分类标准化、统计调查工作科学化、统计基础工作规范化、统计计算技术和数据传输技术现代化、统计服务优质化。要实现上述“六化”,关键在于加强统计队伍的建设,加速统计专门人才的培养。为此,要着重解决好以下两个方面的问题:     

Conceptual and Statistical Problems in Identifying Thresholds of Effect for Materials Damage and Soiling

The Clean Air Act of 1970 anticipates the existence of nonzero threshold concentrations of pollutants below which no consequential materials damage or soiling results from exposure to pollution. Determination of quantitative values for such thresholds on the basis of available empirical evidence involves substantial practical problems, including conceptual problems relating to measurement and attribution of effects and statistical problems relating to data analysis and interpretation. It is essential to maintain a broad, yet focused perspective that systematically accounts for such problems when synthesizing and interpreting empirical evidence reported in different studies of the same hypothesized effect.     

对高等院校《统计学》教材建设的若干建议

随着统计的重要性日益受到社会各界的承认,《统计学》无论作为统计系的专业基础课程还是其他院系的公共课程,都受到高度重视,特别是在经济类与管理类专业,《统计学》都是一门核心课程。这方面的有关教材出版了不少,所列的参考书目仅是其中笔者比较熟悉的或在最近参考过的一份很不完全的清单。以下是笔者对我国此类《统计学》教材建设的若干建议。　　一、对《统计学》教材的认识1 由于历史原因,我国统计学教学与研究曾长期被人为分割为《数理统计学》与《社会经济统计学》两个几乎不相关的学科,从体制、内容到观点、方法都有很大区别。随着…     

Document Delivery as a Supplement or Replacement for Serial Subscriptions

Abstract

Increasing serials costs and shrinking budgets present challenges for academic libraries to continue providing sufficient access to scholarly articles. Rapid document delivery services can serve as an effective means to fill the gap caused by serials cancellations. This column examines several of the existing document delivery service providers and addresses issues involved in their implementation.     

关于单变量统计过程控制图某些研究结果简介

文章仅对一元连续变量的静态与动态控制图研究现状进行了简单的总结和介绍,并给出了较详细的参考文献,希望为国内开展此方向的研究抛砖引玉。     

Statistical Inference for a Relative Risk Measure

ABSTRACT

For monitoring systemic risk from regulators’ point of view, this article proposes a relative risk measure, which is sensitive to the market comovement. The asymptotic normality of a nonparametric estimator and its smoothed version is established when the observations are independent. To effectively construct an interval without complicated asymptotic variance estimation, a jackknife empirical likelihood inference procedure based on the smoothed nonparametric estimation is provided with a Wilks type of result in case of independent observations. When data follow from AR-GARCH models, the relative risk measure with respect to the errors becomes useful and so we propose a corresponding nonparametric estimator. A simulation study and real-life data analysis show that the proposed relative risk measure is useful in monitoring systemic risk.     

Statistical inference for a single-index varying-coefficient model

We investigate the estimators of parameters of interest for a single-index varying-coefficient model. To estimate the unknown parameter efficiently, we first estimate the nonparametric component using local linear smoothing, then construct an estimator of parametric component by using estimating equations. Our estimator for the parametric component is asymptotically efficient, and the estimator of nonparametric component has asymptotic normality and optimal uniform convergence rate. Our results provide ways to construct confidence regions for the involved unknown parameters. The finite-sample behavior of the new estimators is evaluated through simulation studies, and applications to two real data are illustrated.     

十年来高等院校统计教材的编写与当前问题

近十年来,我国高等学校统计教材的编写,取得了很大的成就,这与中国统计学会的成立是分不开的。中国统计学会成立的宗旨之一,就是使理论工作者与实际工作者密切联系,这是促进统计教材编写工作取得进步的一个主要原因。1984年3月中国统计学会成立了统计教育专题研究组。统计教育研究组的成立,在编写统计教材的工作上进一步起到了促进和组织的作用。 一、成绩和问题 1978年国家统计局在四川峨眉山市召开了“统计教学、科研规划座谈会”。会议针对统     

我国高校R&D统计口径研究

由于历史原因和近几年高校科学事业的快速发展,现有的R&D统计口径不能如实地反映高校R&D活动的真实状况.本文在总结0ECD手册关于高校R&D统计的原则和我国高校现有R&D统计口径的基础上,指出造成R&D统计混乱的原因,并借助高校收入类会计科目对R&D统计口径进行重新认识,最后就完善我国高校R&D统计工作提了几点具体建议.     

关于美国三份统计学评估和教育指导纲要的简介与思考

本文主要介绍美国统计协会(ASA) 2014年发布的“统计学本科专业课程设置指导纲要”(Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Programs in Statistical Science,以下简称CGUPSS),该纲要反映了大数据时代美国社会对统计专业人士大量需求的现实要求,所提课程设置及其配套的指导意见皆经过精心考虑,具有很强的可操作性.这份纲要对我国统计学本科教学改革具有重要意义,本文还根据该纲要提出四个重要之点请读者留意.本文还简要介绍了美国统计协会2005年发布的“统计学评估和教育指导纲要”(Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education,以下简称GAISE)、2007年发布的中小学版此类纲要(Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education:A Pre-K-12 Curriculum Framework,以下简称GAISE Pre-K-12),以加深读者对它们在促进美国统计教育水平不断提高所发挥作用的了解.     

网络技术下统计的变革和统计教育面临的任务

网络经济的发展使现行的统计信息生产方式和统计制度发生深刻变革,使统计人才的知识结构发生重大变化,从而对统计教育的着力点和培养目标、培养方式提出了新的要求。如何培养大量优秀的复合型统计人才,极大地提高统计人员的素质,是统计教育面临的艰巨任务。     

Statistical Inference on a Stochastic Epidemic Model

In this work, we develop statistical inference for the parameters of a discrete-time stochastic SIR epidemic model. We use a Markov chain for describing the dynamic behavior of the epidemic. Specifically, we propose estimators for the contact and removal rates based on the maximum likelihood and martingale methods, and establish their asymptotic distributions. The obtained results are applied in the statistical analysis of the basic reproduction number, a quantity that is useful in establishing vaccination policies. In order to evaluate the population size for which the results are useful, a numerical study is carried out. Finally, a comparison of the maximum likelihood and martingale estimators is conducted by means of Monte Carlo simulations.     

Statistical inference for a class of life distributions

Life distributions with hazard rate functions of the form r(t) = Ag(t) + Bh(t) are considered. It is assumed that g(t) and h(t) are known and are independent of the unknown parameters A and B. The maximum likelihood estimators are studied for complete and censored samples. The estimation problem is reduced to a solution of one equation with one unknown parameter and it is observed that the solution is unique. The estimation procedure under the assumption of aging is also described. Some comments about the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix are given, and tests of hypo-theses are described for some cases.     

Statistical inference for the effect of magnetic brain stimulation on a motoneurone

A stochastic model is developed for the possible excitatory and inhibitory effects of a stimulus to the brain on the activity of single human motoneurones. The model consists of a Wiener process for the build-up of underlying potential, a deterministic effect due to the stimulus and a random lag from brain to muscle. Direct likelihood inference for its parameters seems impossible, and we study the use of simulation to estimate the log-likelihood for the parameters of substantive interest. Monte Carlo methods yield point and confidence interval estimates of the membrane excitability underlying excitatory and inhibitory effects. The main qualitative conclusion is that both excitatory and inhibitory effects are unambiguously present. The contribution of statistical analysis to this problem is to provide accurate and apparently reliable inference for the quantities of neurophysiological interest. More generally, our methodology has the potential to make accurate likelihood-based inferences in challenging problems, but the computational burden can be large, particularly if the model is not fully adequate for the data, as in our application.     

我国统计学类专业本科教育现状的调查与分析

随着统计学上升为一级学科以及“大数据”时代的到来,我国统计学本科教育得到迅猛的发展。为了保证本科教育的质量,教育部提出要制定各专业教学质量的国家标准。本报告是为了制定统计学专业教学质量的国家标准而开展的对全国统计学专业调查的总结与分析。