教育为本服务为用--浅淡高校图书馆的职能

高校图书馆的主要职能是教育职能和信息服务职能。教育职能是其根本职能,信息服务职能就是为教育职能服务的,最终是为人才培养服务的。本文以广州城市职业学院图书馆利用种种形式开展文化素质和信息素质教育的实践为例,介绍了高校图书馆在提升学生综合素质和信息素养等方面的种种做法,供同仁参考和借鉴。     

公共财政视角下政府公共文化服务职能创新

公共文化服务是政府履行公共服务职能的重要内容,是政府职能改革过程中的文化服务领域的深入和发展.公共财政是政府履行公共文化服务职责,实现公共文化服务职能创新的制度依托和物质基础.在分析了公共财政对政府公共文化服务职能创新的作用机理的基础上,从明确职能创新的方向、规范职能创新的范围、转移职能创新的重心和调整职能创新的结构四方面内容提出了改善公共财政体系,优化公共财政支出结构,调整财权事权结构和完善公共财政运作程序等实现政府公共文化服务职能创新的基本思路.     

情报活动的职能

创造性的动员职能和管理职能是社会主义条件下的情报活动所固有的职能.情报为社会管理所用,服务于整个社会,这是情报活动的一个极为重要的方面.在资本主义条件下,社会情报、人文科学情报及政治情报均被用来为统治阶级服务,成为买卖的对象.追逐一时的轰动,时而操之过急地抛售情报,时而又出于商务上的利害而冻结情报,利用情报操纵社会意识,利用情报为当权者的利益效劳,所有这一切都给在资产阶级国家条件下组织行之有效的社会政治情报系统造成真正的社会阶级障碍.     

传统东方国家职能与法律运行模式

法律的运行离不开国家权力的行使,有什么样的国家权力运作状态,就有与之相对应的法律运行模式.而国家权力的运行状态是通过其职能行使来体现的,所以国家职能的行使必然要制约和影响着法律的运行模式.传统东方国家因其行政职能的有限性和以法律为工具为其履行有限职能的专制统治职能服务,导致其法律运行模式的特殊性和法律根本发挥不了其应然的功用,两者的关系主要体现在国家的行政职能与法律的功用、国家司法权的行使与法律功能、国家职能特征与法制模式等方面.     

浅谈图书馆信息资源开发与西部大开发

本文从经济转型期图书馆信息资源开发主客体服务职能的转变着手 ,通过阐述新时期图书馆信息资源开发的新特征 ,并在分析西部经济发展的“信息瓶颈”和图书馆的重要性的基础上 ,提出了西部图书信息资源开发的应对策略     

经济社团的赋权模式与职能导向的选择

随着经济体制改革的深化和政府转变职能,经济社团形成了政府赋权、企业赋权、政府与企业双向赋权的生成途径.不同赋权的生成途径决定着经济社团根据各自的特点行使着不同的服务、代表和管理职能,构建出三种赋权--职能导向的模式.在转型期的社会,经济社团依据自身特点有效配置资源,满足不同组织的内在需求,符合社会经济发展的总体要求,使职能发挥效能最大化.     

关于政府服务职能建设的思考——以黑龙江省为例

转变政府职能,加强政府服务职能建设,是社会主义市场经济体制的客观要求。黑龙江省各级政府加强服务职能建设的目标:一是经济调节职能建设,政府部门要做好与企业的脱钩转制工作,充分发挥产业的导向作用;二是市场监管职能建设,要以完善市场主体服务体系和培育成熟的市场机制为目标实行市场监管;三是社会管理职能建设,政府的各级公务员切实做到依法行政,提高行政执法水平;四是公共服务职能建设,以符合社会公平、正义的原则,优先人力资本和公民基本生存保障方面的投入服务。     

西方大学职能观演变之历史考察

在西方高等教育史上,关于大学职能的认识多种多样,表达各异,归纳起来主要有三种观点:坚持培养人才的单一的职能观,坚持培养人才与发展科学的两职能观和坚持培养人才、发展科学和直接为社会服务的三职能观。它们都有其产生与发展的历史,对此加以考察,有助于我们对西方高等教育思想及其历史发展的认识。     

从图书馆职能变化谈人本管理

人本管理最核心的理念是以人为本。本文从图书馆职能的变化谈到了图书馆实行人本管理所具有的优势,同时面临着怎样的挑战。     

论史学职能

史学的职能何在? 是近年来人们颇为关心的问题.不少人说:物理学、数学、化学可以带来科学的繁荣,直接创造物质财富,经济学指导人们如何管理企业,哲学可以启迪人们的思想,文学艺术给人们提供精神食粮.只有历史学,在现代文明里,显得老态龙钟,不合时宜.当然,这是史学门外人士的看法.作为史学工作者,自然不会不承认史学社会作用的客观性.但问题是,史学职能究竟体现在哪些方面? 它与现实的关系又是如何? 并不是每一个史学工作者都十分明确的.近些年虽有些文章论及这类问题,但终未给人以满意的解释.笔者认为,要认清史学的社会价值所在,首先应该对史学的职能进行分类,然后分析各种职能与社会现实的相互关系.     

论政府经济职能实施绩效评估体系的框架构建

政府经济职能实施绩效的好坏离不开对于其相应评估体系的建立。由于转轨 ,我国政府经济职能的功能定位发生了变化 ,新的适应于市场经济导向的评估体系亟待建立。一个科学、公正且有效的政府经济职能实施绩效的评估体系 ,主要应当从两个层面来进行构建。一个层面是微观层面 ,主要评估政府经济职能实施的各具体机构及某项具体经济政策的实施绩效 ;另一个层面是宏观层面 ,主要评估一国政府履行其所有经济职能的总体绩效     

Utility functions for mild and severe health risks

Journal of Risk and Uncertainty - This article reviews economic evidence on health-dependent utility functions and presents new estimates of utility functions for cancer. Estimates of...     

Invariant multiattribute utility functions

We present a method to characterize the preferences of a decision maker in decisions with multiple attributes. The approach modifies the outcomes of a multivariate lottery with a multivariate transformation and observes the change in the decision maker’s certain equivalent. If the certain equivalent follows this multivariate transformation, we refer to this situation as multiattribute transformation invariance, and we derive the functional form of the utility function. We then show that any additive or multiplicative utility function that is formed of continuous and strictly monotonic utility functions of the individual attributes must satisfy transformation invariance with a multivariate transformation. This result provides a new interpretation for multiattribute utility functions with mutual utility independence as well as a necessary and sufficient condition that must be satisfied when assuming these widely used functional forms. We work through several examples to illustrate the approach.     

Positionalist voting functions

Positionalist voting functions are those social choice functions where the positions of the alternatives in the voter's preference orders crucially influence the social ordering of the alternatives. An important subclass consists of those voting functions where numbers are assigned to the alternatives in the preference orders and the social ordering is computed from these numbers. Such voting functions are called representable. Various well-known conditions for voting functions are introduced and it is investigated which representable voting functions satisfy these conditions. It is shown that no representable voting function satisfies the Condorcet criterion. This condition and Arrow's independence condition, which are typical non-positionalist conditions, are shown to be incompatible. The Borda function, which is a well-known positionalist voting function, is studied extensively, conditions uniquely characterizing it are given and some modifications of the function are investigated.My thanks are due to professor Bengt Hansson for encouragement and several helpful suggestions.     

刍议数字环境下高校图书馆的人性化服务

人性化服务是当前世界图书馆发展的主流方向和必然趋势。高校图书馆要适应数字时代的发展,提高现代服务水平,必须改革创新,建立起以人为本的人性化服务新体制,具体措施是：强化人性化服务理念,深入了解需求状况,全面优化服务功能,切实做好导读工作,培养高素质人才队伍。     

Local utility functions

In Machina's approach to generalised expected utility theory, decision makers maximise a choice functional which is smooth but not linear in the probabilities. When evaluating small changes, the choice functional can be approximated by the expectation of a local utility function. This local utility function is not however invariant under large changes in risk. This paper gives a simple explicit formula which can be used to write down the local utility functions of some common decision rules.     

Parametric multi-attribute utility functions for optimal profit under risk constraints

We provide an economic interpretation of the practice consisting in incorporating risk measures as constraints in an expected prospect maximization problem. For what we call the infimum of expectations class of risk measures, we show that if the decision maker (DM) maximizes the expectation of a random prospect under constraint that the risk measure is bounded above, he then behaves as a “generalized expected utility maximizer” in the following sense. The DM exhibits ambiguity with respect to a family of utility functions defined on a larger set of decisions than the original one; he adopts pessimism and performs first a minimization of expected utility over this family, then performs a maximization over a new decisions set. This economic behaviour is called “maxmin under risk” and studied by Maccheroni (Econ Theory 19:823–831, 2002). As an application, we make the link between an expected prospect maximization problem, subject to conditional value-at-risk being less than a threshold value, and a non-expected utility economic formulation involving “loss aversion”-type utility functions.     

Decision making with belief functions: Compatibility and incompatibility with the sure-thing principle

This article studies situations in which information is ambiguous and only part of it can be probabilized. It is shown that the information can be modeled through belief functions if and only if the nonprobabilizable information is subject to the principles of complete ignorance. Next the representability of decisions by belief functions on outcomes is justified by means of a neutrality axiom. The natural weakening of Savage's sure-thing principle to unambiguous events is examined and its implications for decision making are identified.The research of Peter Wakker has been made possible by a fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.     

An integrated axiomatic approach to the existence of ordinal and cardinal utility functions

Summary This paper presents a unified axiomatic treatment of the existence of ordinal and cardinal utility functions. The contribution of the paper is mainly pedagogical.