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1.
Socio-demographic Differences in Self-reported Psychological Distress Among 25- to 64-Year-Old Finns 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kirsi Talala Taina Huurre Hillevi Aro Tuija Martelin Ritva Prättälä 《Social indicators research》2008,86(2):323-335
Background Mental health problems are a major public health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance
of socio-demographic characteristics associated with different domains of psychological distress in Finland. Methods Data source was a nationwide survey “Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult Population” (AVTK), from years 2002
to 2003 (N = 5425; response rate 66%). Psychological distress was measured by self-reported questions of general mental health (MHI-5),
depression, insomnia and stress. Socio-demographic factors included education, employment status, partnership and children
living in the household. Main analyses were conducted by multivariate logistic regression. Results Education, employment and partnership were associated with most of the psychological distress outcomes. Respondents with a
lower educational level had poor mental health in both genders but less insomnia and stress in men. Those with an intermediate
education had the least stress in women. The unemployed and retired were at a higher risk for poor mental health and depression.
Moreover, employment status was associated with insomnia and stress in men. Respondents not having a partner showed a higher
risk of psychological distress according to all measures. Not having children living in the household was associated with
insomnia in women and with less stress in men. Conclusions Socio-demographic factors, such as having a partner and employment status, are associated with several measures of psychological
distress indicating the importance of social and economic factors to psychological well-being. The association of education
and of having children living at home varies by the domain of psychological distress measure. 相似文献
2.
Background Measures of health expectancy such as Disability Free Life Expectancy are used to evaluate and compare regional/national
health statuses. These indicators are useful for understanding changes in the health status and defining health policies and
decisions on the provision of services because provide useful information on possible areas needing interventions and burden
of care to health systems. Methods Two databases have been used for the analysis: the Italian Health Interview Survey and the European Community Household Panel.
The data were analyzed by gender and geographic area. DFLE was calculated by the Sullivan method. Results In 2005 in Italy women have a longer life expectancy than men: 84 and 78 years, respectively. But if we consider life without
disability in Italy the male disadvantage reduces: men live 85% of their years without disability, women only 75%. Geographic
differences do exist because Disability Free Life Expectancy is longer in Northern and in Central regions; shorter in the
South. At a European level similar data can be found: on average women live longer but they have a longer time of life with
disability. Conclusion In Italy women live longer but have a worse quality of health than men; in the South there is a worse quality of health.
Similar findings can be identified at a European level. The Italian situation with the highest percentage of DFLE at 65 out
of the total LE at 65 and one of the longest LE witnesses ageing is not necessarily associated to a worsening of health. 相似文献
3.
Michael Haan 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(6):751-771
In recent years, successive cohorts of immigrants to Canada have experienced a striking level of deterioration in their economic
well-being. At the same time, more immigrants than ever before are choosing to live in Montréal, Toronto, or Vancouver, Canada’s
three-first-tier or ‘gateway cities’. This paper uses instrumental variable regression techniques to determine the extent
to which gateway city clustering is related to immigrant economic well-being. It identifies whether employment status, earnings,
and employment suitability would significantly improve if more immigrants chose to live outside of Canada’s three gateway
cities. The results suggest that, for the most part, although immigrants do worse than the native-born in gateway cities,
they do experience marginally higher earnings than their non-gateway counterparts. Income and unemployment rates are higher
for immigrants in gateway cities than they are for the native-born, but the gateway/non-gateway disparity is minimal. Levels
of employment mismatch are substantially higher in gateway cities, compared to both the gateway city native-born population,
and non-gateway immigrants. An analysis of the data shows that only marginal improvements to economic well-being would result
from an increase in non-gateway immigration, and that there are other factors, like race or skin colour, that seem to be more
closely linked to labour market success.
相似文献
Michael HaanEmail: |
4.
A representative sample of undergraduate and postgraduate international students at a large Australian university (n = 979, 64% females) completed a mail-back survey examining their perceptions of social connectedness. Four aspects of social
connectedness were investigated: (1) connectedness in Melbourne, (2) social mixing and interaction with co-culturals and Australians,
(3) involvement in organisations, associations and groups, and (4) connections to home and family. The majority of students
report being well-connected to others in Melbourne, although some desire increased personal support from people who know and
care about them. Connectedness in Melbourne is related to students’ cultural background and communication skills in the new
culture and their evaluation of their perceived academic progress. Students from Asian countries reveal different patterns
to other students, especially in the relationships between connectedness and interactions with co-culturals. Awareness of
these and other differences among international students from varying cultural backgrounds can help target assistance in achieving
a sense of well-being. 相似文献
5.
The present study evaluated the integration of elderly people who migrated to Israel during their lifetimes. Subjective well-being,
as measured by the immigrants’ perception of quality of life, satisfaction with life and emotional state, served as a general
indicator of integration. The integration of elderly immigrants has not received adequate attention in the literature. A unique
database (SHARE-Israel) that was recently released has made study of this topic possible. The current study sample was composed
of former migrants aged 50 and older (n = 930). The analytic model examined ethnic origin and migration variables in relation to the respective subjective outcomes,
controlling for sociodemographic background, human and social capital and health. The findings show that in general, ethnic
origin seems to matter less for the evaluation of immigrants’ subjective well-being than other socio economic factors such
as economic status, social capital and health status. However, recent arrivals from the Former Soviet Union do differ from
all other immigrant groups in their lower levels of well-being. In addition, the study points to the importance of language
proficiency as a central means for integration in the destination country. 相似文献
6.
There is ongoing discussion in the scientific literature about the need for a more theoretical foundation to underpin quality
of life (QoL) measurement. This paper applied Keyes et al.’s [J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 82 (2002) 1007] model of well-being as a framework to assess whether respondents (n = 136 students) focus on elements of subjective well-being (SWB), such as satisfaction and happiness, or on elements of psychological
well-being (PWB), such as meaning and personal growth, when making individual QoL (IQoL) judgments using the Schedue of the
Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL). The Keyes et al.’s model was confirmed and explained 41% of the variance
in SEIQoL scores. Both SWB and PWB were correlated with the SEIQoL Index Score and SWB was found to be an important mediating
variable in the relationship between PWB and SEIQoL. When analyzing different well-being combinations, respondents with high
SWB/high PWB had significantly higher SEIQoL scores than did those with low SWB/low PWB. Respondents with high PWB/high SWB
had higher SEIQoL scores than did those with high PWB/low SWB. Longitudinal studies in different patient groups are needed
to explore the dynamic relationship between IQoL and well-being. Further investigation of the relationship between PWB and
SWB with other instruments purporting to measure QoL would contribute to an enhanced understanding of the underlying nature
of QoL. 相似文献
7.
Our study used multilevel regression analysis to identify individual- and neighbourhood-level factors that determine individual-level
subjective well-being in Rhini, a deprived suburb of Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. The Townsend
index and Gini coefficient were used to investigate whether contextual neighbourhood-level differences in socioeconomic status
determined individual-level subjective well-being. Crime experience, health status, social capital, and demographic variables
were assessed at the individual level. The indicators of subjective well-being were estimated with a two-level random-intercepts
and fixed slopes model. Social capital, health and marital status (all p < .001), followed by income level (p < .01) and the Townsend score (p < .05) were significantly related to individual-level subjective well-being outcomes. Our findings showed that individual-level
subjective well-being is influenced by neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status as measured by the Townsend deprivation score.
Individuals reported higher levels of subjective well-being in less deprived neighbourhoods. Here we wish to highlight the
role of context for subjective well-being, and to suggest that subjective well-being outcomes may also be defined in ecological
terms. We hope the findings are useful for implementing programs and interventions designed to achieve greater subjective
well-being for people living in deprived areas. 相似文献
8.
International Well-being Index: The Austrian Version 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Daniela Renn Nicole Pfaffenberger Marion Platter Horst Mitmansgruber Robert A. Cummins Stefan Höfer 《Social indicators research》2009,90(2):243-256
The International Well-being Index (IWI) measures both personal and national well-being. It comprises two subscales: the Personal
Well-being Index (PWI) and the National Well-being Index (NWI). The aim of this paper is to test the psychometric properties
(validity and reliability) of the translated scale in Austria. Convergent validity is assessed using the Scales of Psychological
Well-Being, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. In addition, a Visual–Analog Scales
capturing “satisfaction with life as a whole” was applied. The participants were 581 students of the Medical University Innsbruck
(female: 47.7%; age: 23.2 ± 3.7). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) of the IWI was for both scales > .70 (PWI: .85; NWI:
.83). The exploratory factor analysis of the IWI identified a 2-factor-structure identical with the two scales of the IWI
explaining 54.2% of the variance. The convergent validity hypotheses were confirmed, construct validity was partly confirmed
for the PWI being a deconstruction of a first factor called “satisfaction with life” (38.1% explained variance). Happy participants
scored higher on the PWI (84.3 ± 7.9 vs. 68.7 ± 13.7; p < .001) and NWI (64.3 ± 15.8 vs. 57.9 ± 15.1; p < .001) scores than unhappy participants. It is concluded that the Austrian version of the IWI is a reliable and valid instrument
to assess personal and national well-being. Further studies including a representative sample should be carried out on a recurring
basis to use the IWI as an indicator for social science research in Austria. 相似文献
9.
10.
The Well-Being of 12 - to 16-Year-Old Adolescents and their Parents: Results from 1999 to 2003 Spanish Samples 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ferran Casas Cristina Figuer Mònica González Sara Malo Carles Alsinet Sandra Subarroca 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):87-115
This study adopts satisfaction with life as a whole and satisfaction with specific life domains as indicators to analyse the
relationships between the well-being of 12 to 16-year-old adolescents and some related constructs such as self-esteem, perceived
control and perceived social support. Well-being indicators from a 2003 Spanish sample using an 11-point scale (N = 1,634) are compared with an equivalent 1999 Spanish sample using a 5-point scale (N = 1,618). The different results obtained from the 2003 sample with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using a shorter and
a longer list of life domains are also discussed. A sub-sample of the adolescents’ results from the 2003 sample are compared
with their parents’ answers, using the same well-being indicators. Using a list of 8 life domains, and despite the change
of scale used, overall results show no relevant changes in adolescents’ satisfaction with life domains between 1999 and 2003
in Spain and are in agreement with normative data expected from western societies [Cummins: 1998, Social Indicators Research
43, pp. 307–334; Cummins et al.: 2001, Australian Unity Well-being Index (Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University,
Melbourne)]. Adolescents’ overall life satisfaction has been shown to correlate consistently with the other well-being related
constructs. However, it clearly decreases with age over the period studied. The results also show that increasing the list
of life domains has a major impact on the structure of the results obtained. When we compare results from parents with those
from their own child, outstanding differences in well-being appear between generations: few domain satisfaction dimensions
show significant correlation between parents and children and more than 20% of the population studied shows high discrepancies
in the answers in four domains. 相似文献
11.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to see if earlier findings about factors associated with well-being could be replicated in a large
population-based sample in Sweden. To the best of our knowledge, no research on well-being has been conducted on such a large
population in a country, which by most standards is regarded as one of the most fortunate in the world. With its economic
wealth and highly developed social welfare and health care system, Sweden is a country where the conditions for a high level
of well-being would appear to be met. Methods: 10,441 randomly selected Swedish citizens, aged between 20 and 64 years, living in Stockholm County, completed a questionnaire
covering issues such as demographics, social network and psychological well-being. The data were collected during the years
1998–2000. Results: Male gender, greater age, cohabiting, good childhood conditions, support from friends, sound financial situation and absence
of negative life events were positively associated with well-being and explained 20% of the variance. Conclusion: The findings replicated earlier studies. Factors associated with well-being seem to remain the same, and are still explaining
only a small part of the total variance, despite different measurements, time, sample sizes or country of origin. Therefore,
research on well-being needs to take a new turn, by placing less focus on external factors and more focus on the internal
factors, such as a person’s personality and coping strategies. 相似文献
12.
Gratitude and Adolescent Athletes’ Well-Being 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Two cross-sectional studies were conducted to examine the relationships between gratitude and athletes’ well-being. Study
1 examines the relationship between dispositional gratitude and well-being, while Study 2 investigates the relationship between
sport-domain gratitude and well-being. In Study 1, 169 Taiwanese senior high school athletes (M = 16.43, SD = 0.7 years) were
administered the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ; McCullough et al. 2002, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112–127), Team Satisfaction Scale (Walling et al. 1993, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15, 172–183), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al. 1985, Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75), and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke and Smith, 2001, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 23(4), 281–306). In Study 2, a separate sample of 265 adolescent athletes (M = 16.47 years, SD = 0.7) were administered the
modified Sport-domain GQ, Team Satisfaction Scale, and ABQ. Study 1 results showed that dispositional gratitude positively
predicts team satisfaction and life satisfaction, and negatively predicts athlete burnout. Findings from Study 2 revealed
that sport-domain gratitude positively predicts team satisfaction and negatively predicts athlete burnout. A stronger gratitude
and well-being relationship was observed in Study 2. This research provides the initial verification that gratitude and adolescent
athletes’ well-being are related. Possible mechanism of this relation, limitations, and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents a study of the relationship between the psychological well-being of Spanish adolescents from 12 to 16 years
old and the values they aspire to for the future (N = 1,618). Adolescents’ well-being is explored through (a) their satisfaction with 19 specific life domains, (b) the Personal
Well-Being Index (Cummins, Social Indicators Research, 43, 307−334, 1998) and (c) an item on overall satisfaction with life. The values they aspire to are explored by means of a list
of 23 personal qualities or values. Satisfaction domains and values aspired to have been grouped into dimensions using principal
component analysis (PCA). Boys scored significantly higher on the materialistic values dimension and the capacities and knowledge
related values dimension, while girls scored higher on the interpersonal relationship related values dimension. The youngest
adolescents scored higher on materialistic values, while the oldest scored higher on interpersonal relationships related values.
Such results are similar to those obtained in a previous study, using a shorter version of the lists of satisfaction domains
and of values aspired to and a sample of 8,995 adolescents and 4,381 of their parents from five different countries. In both
studies results suggest that values aspired to can be considered a well-being related construct. However, an important change
appears in the latest Spanish sample: Family values no longer fit with the interpersonal relationships related values dimension
in the PCA, and now function as a separate value dimension which shows no correlation with overall life satisfaction, the
PWI, or life satisfaction domains with the exception of family satisfaction. Interestingly, family values have also changed
their loading dimension in the PCA developed with the answers from a sample of parents about the values they aspire to for
their own child’s future (N = 723). Parents’ responses were compared with those of their own child, with concordances observed in about half of the families,
low discrepancies in about one third and high or very high discrepancies in about 20%. Although the results of this study
have their limitations, they suggest support for the hypothesis that important changes in values aspired to may be taking
place over a short period of time, consistent with the findings of changes in values in several countries (Inglehart, Modernization and postmodernization. Cultural, economic and political change in 43 societies, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), but apparently with no outstanding impact on adolescents’ well-being. 相似文献
14.
An analysis of various aspects of paternal involvement among Indian fathers is presented in this article. The pattern of involvement
in terms of the activities participated in, and their frequency of participation have been examined. Overall level of involvement
of fathers in childcare has also been determined. A number of hypotheses regarding predictors of paternal involvement have
been formulated and examined with the use of empirical data. The study is based on interviews conducted with Indian couples
(N = 350) having at least one child aged 10 years or younger. To understand the determinants of paternal involvement, regression
has been conducted wherein paternal involvement has been regressed with 14 predictors. Results indicate that paternal involvement
in childcare is mainly determined by the perception of individuals towards fatherhood—be it gender role expectations, or perception
of the peer group, or fathering received by the individual fathers. Other socio-economic factors affecting paternal involvement
have also been examined. As the importance of paternal involvement in childcare is increasingly being recognised, these findings
have implications for programmers and policy makers. Interventions to bring about a positive change in the attitude of fathers
may improve paternal participation. 相似文献
15.
Bartfeld J 《Demography》2000,37(2):203-213
This article provides national estimates of the current and potential impact of private child support transfers on the economic well-being of custodial and noncustodial families following marital dissolution. Mothers and children fare dramatically worse than fathers after marital dissolution; these differences, however, would be much more pronounced in the absence of private child support. Simulations of four existing child support guidelines show that substantial increases in economic well-being among mother-custody families are possible within the structure of the existing child support system, with minimal impact on poverty among nonresident fathers. Under all of these guidelines, however, custodial-mother families would continue to fare substantially worse than nonresident fathers. 相似文献
16.
This article reports the findings of a survey administering the personal well-being index (PWI) in six Chinese cities (N = 3,390) to ascertain the personal well-being of China’s urban population. The specific aims of the study were: (a) ascertain
whether Chinese urban residents are satisfied with their lives; (b) validate the PWI using an urban sample that is representative
of the urban population and larger in size than that which has been utilized in existing studies for Mainland China; (c) compare
the results to existing studies for Hong Kong, Macau, rural China and single city studies which have administered the PWI
in Guangdong and Shandong; (d) examine whether the responses to the PWI from participants falls within the narrow range predicted
by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’ and provide further evidence on whether this framework is applicable to
Chinese samples; and (e) examine which participant characteristics predict personal well-being, examine whether own income
and/or relative income predicts personal well-being and compare these results with previous studies for China and other countries.
The data indicated a moderate level of personal well-being (PWI score = 67.1). The PWI demonstrated good psychometric properties
in terms of its reliability and validity, consistent with previous published studies. The PWI was within the normative range
for non-western countries and was within the narrow band predicted by the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’. Similar
variables were found to predict personal well-being to those found in previous studies for China and elsewhere. 相似文献
17.
Social problem solving is the cognitive-affective-behavioral process by which people attempt to resolve real-life problems
in a social environment, and is of key importance in the management of emotions and well-being. This paper reviews a series
of studies on social problem solving conducted by the authors. First, we developed and validated the Chinese version of the
Social Problem-Solving Inventory Revised (C-SPSI-R) which demonstrated very good psychometric properties. Second, we identified
the scope of stressful social situations faced by young adults and their self-efficacy in facing such situations (N = 179). Young adults were generally confident about their basic social skills but found it much more stressful to relate
to family members, handle conflicts, handle negative behaviors from others, self-disclose to others, and to express love.
Third, in two separate studies, we found that social problem solving was closely linked to measures of depression (n = 200), anxiety (n = 235), and family well-being (N = 1462). Measures of anxiety and depression were found to be significantly related to aspects of social problem solving in
expected directions and expected strength. In another study, higher parental social problem solving behavior and lower avoidance
behavior were found to be related to indicators of family well-being, including better overall family functioning, and fewer
parent–adolescent conflicts. 相似文献
18.
Yu-Chen Lin 《Social indicators research》2011,102(3):463-475
This study examined the reliability and validity of the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) and explored the relationship between
FAS and health in a general adolescent population of Taiwan. Our data was obtained from a 2009 school-based survey. In total,
3,368 students (1,741 boys, 1,627 girls) in grades 6–10 in Kinmen County, Taiwan completed a modified WHO Health Behaviour
in School-Aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire. Indicators of the family’s social position were their parents’ occupation and
education. Indicators of material affluence were number of cars, number of holiday travel, whether the participant had his
or her own room and number of computers (FAS items). A higher proportion of the participants completed the four family affluence
items than their parents’ occupation and education items (≧98% vs. 90% and 88%; respectively). Analysis of the FAS showed
a moderate internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.35). The associations between the FAS scores and parental occupation
and education were moderate (P < .001). Consistent gradients were found for the association between FAS and positive health and health promoting behaviours.
In conclusion, the Taiwan version of the FAS had a high completion rate and moderate internal reliability and external validity.
The clear associations between the FAS and health indicators confirm the findings of previous studies and suggest that the
FAS can be used as an additional measure of socioeconomic status among Taiwan adolescents. 相似文献
19.
Fatherhood has traditionally been viewed as part of a “package deal” in which a father’s relationship with his child is contingent
on his relationship with the mother. We evaluate the accuracy of this hypothesis in light of the high rates of multiple-partner
fertility among unmarried parents using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a recent longitudinal survey ofnonmarital
births in large cities. We examine whether unmarried mothers’ and fathers’ subsequent relationship and parenting transitions
are associated with declines in fathers ’ contact with their nonresident biological children. We find that father involvement
drops sharply after relationships between unmarried parents end. Mothers’ transitions into new romantic partnerships and new
parenting roles are associated with larger declines in involvement than fathers’ transitions. Declines in fathers’ involvement
following a mother’s relationship or parenting transition are largest when children are young. We discuss the implications
of our results for the well-being ofnonmarital children and the quality of nonmarital relationships faced with high levels
of relationship instability and multiple-partner fertiliy. 相似文献
20.
This paper examines the potential of self-reported information on capabilities as an alternative indicator and aggregator
for well-being. We survey a population of 18 year old first-year Bachelor students in applied economics and business studies
and demonstrate a way in which capabilities can be measured on the level of life domains as well as on the general level of
‘life as a whole’. The data confirm the theoretical hypothesis that the set of capabilities is larger than the achieved functionings.
We investigate and compare which variables influence general capabilities and satisfaction with life. We find that both concepts
are equally depending on the ‘mood of the day’. On the other hand, we find some diverging influences that call for a debate
on the (policy) relevance of different well-being concepts and their determining variables. The capabilities interpretation
of well-being points to an important role of the parents (especially when they are divorced or rather strict) while the information
on satisfaction is more related to personal and situational characteristics (such as not being single or the number of family
visits). 相似文献