中等职业教育教学中的人格类型因素

一、现状、现实中等职业教育主要是指高中阶段的职业教育,它主要由中等专业学校、技工学校和职业高中组成,是中国职业教育的主体。现在我国的中等职业教育主要指初中后分流的以三年或四年学制为主的职业学历教育,其定位是动态     

农村社区教育分流意愿调查报告——以S市W村初级中学为例

通过对W村初级中学初三学生家长的抽样调查,笔者证实:农业或者涉农专业在农村父母对孩子初中毕业后的未来择业意愿中呈弱势表现。此外,笔者亦发现,农村初三学生家长对子女初中毕业后的教育分流意愿中,职业技术学校是继高中大学之后的次要选择。     

台湾高中第二外语教育现状与发展方向

今日,国际化的定义非常多样化,也逐渐在学校教育中扎根、发展。教育部门和学校一方面要不断推进英语教育的推广与改进,另一方面也要思考在多文化、多语言社会产生的"内部国际化"课题。在台湾,提早实施英语教育、推进高中第二外语教育、推行中小学及高中的国际教育政策等皆是教育改革重要部分。作为教育改革中的重要环节,20世纪90年代后期开始积极推动的高中第二外语教育已经取得了一定成效,但依旧存在专业教师培养与大学课程的衔接等方面问题。     

中国城乡居民的中学教育分流与职业地位获得

布劳-邓肯的经典职业地位获得模型把教育水平作为阶层地位再生产的中间变量,却忽视了教育分流的效应。本研究认为,在当前中国社会中,中学教育分流对阶层地位的再生产的效应是不可忽视的。对2008年"中国综合社会调查"(CGSS2008)数据的分析显示,曾就读重点初中或高中的人更有可能获得较高水平的教育,从而在劳动力市场上获得较高的职业地位;但是教育分流的优势并未对人们现职职业地位产生显著的直接影响,只能通过教育获得和初职职业地位获得对现职职业地位获得产生间接影响。中国的重点、非重点中学校制,导致了后续高等教育机会分配的不平等,进而影响了人们职业地位的获得。这些研究结论以中国的资料拓展了布劳-邓肯模型关于教育作为阶层地位再生产的中间变量的内涵。     

中等职业学校学生的心理健康教育

随着国家教育政策的改革,中等职业技术教育得到迅速的发展,许多初中生毕业会考后分流进入中等职业学校学习。由于中等职业学校的学生大部分是独生子女,又因为他们的身心发展正处在一个转折期,随着由普通教育向职业教育的转变以及就业压力的日益加大，学生在自我意识、人际交往、就职择业及成长和学习生活等方面，都会产生各种各样的心理困惑。     

中等职业学校职业教育的现状及对策

中等职业教育的任务是,在义务教育的基础上培养大量技能型人才与高素质劳动者。中等职业学校在对学生进行高中程度文化知识教育的同时,根据职业岗位的要求有针对性地实施职业知识与职业技能教育。一、目前中等职业学校存在的问题,1．招生难,现有的管理体制、投入体制和办学体制造成了职业教育发展轨迹的偏离,致使职业教育备受冷遇。     

我国随迁子女初中阶段后的教育政策研究

当前,我国关于随迁子女初中阶段后的教育政策仍存在四大问题:职业教育对随迁子女的实际吸纳作用有限;高中教育的户籍不平等问题仍普遍存在;较高的政策门槛阻碍了随迁子女就地参加中高考的机会;就地高考政策落地后,"高考移民"问题的潜在风险增大。基于此,建议全面放开职业教育资源,切实提升职业教育的办学质量以及对随迁子女的吸纳能力;健全配套政策,逐步推动随迁子女全面就地高考和招生录取;推动城乡教育一体化发展,从根本上解决随迁子女教育问题。     

职业教育漫谈

进入21世纪,我国的职业教育该如何面对新世纪的挑战呢?这是当前我国教育发展和改革中的一个重要问题,职业教育特别是高中阶段和高中后各种层次、各种形式的职业教育,以及大量从业人员的岗位培训,是人     

促进高等教育获得的政策支持——基于“高中—大学”链接的视角

近年来,农村学生教育期望下降进而放弃高考的现象引起了广泛关注。这一现实要求对高等教育公平的研究从大学录取率转向升学准备的全过程。美国的经验表明,政府、学校、教师、家长、个体合力形成多层级的"高中—大学"链接政策,有利于促进处境不利学生升入理想的大学。我国的高等教育获得支持政策在内容、时间、目标上还存在一定不足。因此,为了提升我国高等教育公平,应当构建基于"高中—大学"链接的教育支持政策。     

聚焦高中教育——置于教育公平性视野下——高中何以成为人们获得高等教育机会的狭窄瓶颈？

能否获得高等教育机会,对人的职业生涯乃至社会分层有着重大影响。因为,从高等教育阶段起,就根据专业的划分重新进行社会分工,地域、户口等对人口流动的限制也被冲破。影响高等教育机会获得的直接因素可分为两大类:高等教育的资源分布状况和高考招生政策,以及高中教育机会获得的延续性影响。高等教育资源分布状况是指高等学校的地域分布、各种层次高校的分布状况,高考招生政策包括考试方法和标准、录取分数线的划定、考生资格的规定、收费等问题。这些问题是从高等教育政策的影响看待高等教育机会获得的状况。而高中教育机会获得对高等教育机会获得的影响,是从整个教育系统的角度来看待高等教育的公平问题。由杨东平教授主持的国家教育十五规划课题“我国高等教育公平问题研究”显示:高中教育已经成为影响普通高等教育机会获得的狭窄瓶颈。     

Education and occupational status in 14 countries: the role of educational institutions and labour market coordination

This article explores the role of national institutional factors – more specifically, the level of skill transparency of the education system and labour market coordination – in accounting for cross‐national differences in the relationship between education and occupational status. Consistent with previous research, our findings suggest that skill transparency is the primary moderator. Countries with a highly transparent educational system (i.e., extensive tracking, strong vocational orientation, limited tertiary enrolment) tend to be characterized by a strong relationship between education and occupational status. These findings hold even after controlling for the level of labour market coordination. Nevertheless, we also find that labour market coordination plays an independent role by dampening the effect of education on occupational status. Taken together, these results suggest two quite different policy implications: (1) strengthening the skill transparency of the education system by increasing secondary and tertiary‐level differentiation may strengthen the relationship between education and occupation, regardless of the level of coordination, and (2) increasing labour market coordination could lead to improved social inclusion and a reduction in inequalities related to educational attainment.     

建设国家中职示范学校是提升中职教育吸引力的重大举措

职业教育吸引力不足的问题已然成为全球共同关注的话题。提升中等职业教育吸引力的着力点,最重要的方面还在于提高中等职业教育学校自身的办学质量。国家三部委在全国范围内建设一批中等职业教育改革发展示范学校,以此带动全国中等职业学校深化改革、加快发展、提高质量、办出特色,对提高中等职业教育社会吸引力,增强其服务经济社会发展的能力,具有十分重要的意义。     

Warum werden Arbeiterkinder vom Studium an Universitäten abgelenkt? Eine empirische Überprüfung der „Ablenkungsthese“ von Müller und Pollak (2007) und ihrer Erweiterung durch Hillmert und Jacob (2003)

Why are the working- class children diverted from universities? In spite of the educational expansion, the decline of inequalities of educational opportunities in schools, and the institutional reforms in vocational training and university education, the access to tertiary education at university remains still remarkably unequal across social classes. In accordance with the ?diversion thesis‘ suggested by Müller and Pollak and extended by Hillmert and Jacob working class children are lead away from the direct path to university to non-academic education institutions because of both the impact of institutional structures of the educational systems on individuals‘ educational choices and the attractiveness of alternative education and training in non-academic areas. In order to investigate how does the diversion work the mechanisms of socially selective educational choices have to be analyzed from the perspective of rational action theory. For the empirical test of the theoretical approach data about school-leaves with the ?Abitur‘ (high school degree) in the East Germany federal state Saxony are employed. Subjective evaluation of the former educational performance, the expectation to be successful at university and the subjectively expected costs are the mechanisms mainly responsible that working class children more likely choose the vocational training than education at university. In particular, the subjectively expected success at university has the greatest impact on working class children‘s educational choices leading them away from the university.     

Getting on the right track? Educational choice-making of students with special educational needs in pre-vocational education and training

This paper explores the educational choice-making of students with special educational needs in the context of Finnish pre-vocational training and one of its programmes, ‘Preparatory and Rehabilitative Instruction and Guidance for Disabled Students’. The authors enquire into the kinds of educational choices available for students in the preparatory programme, and how student counselling meets their educational hopes and future plans. The analysis draws on an ethnographic study of special needs education in post-compulsory education in Finland. It shows that students need to reflect on their educational plans within institutional and diagnostic restrictions and guidance. The authors state that educational choices can be negotiable, but more attention must be given to deconstructing the self-evidences and institutional barriers linked to the transitions of young adults with special educational needs.     

高职院校学分制和弹性学制的实施建议

学分制和弹性学制在西方已经实施多年,在我国才刚刚起步。这种制度的优越性显而易见,以学生为主体,学制、课程设置都具有一定的灵活性,突出实践教学体系的重要性,现在各高职院校都在努力推行学分制和弹性学制,然而这种制度与我国一直实行的学年制相差甚远,教育部的相关措施也并未配套实施,有些高职院校将这一制度流于形式。文章从学分制和弹性学制的实施建议角度展开论述。     

How do parents’ educational fields affect the choice of educational field?

This study examines the links between parental education and students’ choice of field of study in Norwegian higher education. In our interpretation of the results, we suggest a status group perspective that integrates risk aversion models, micro‐class theory, and cultural reproduction schemes. Complete Norwegian register data for all individuals born from 1955 to 1980 allow for a fine‐grained examination of diverse fields of study not attempted in earlier studies. The findings reveal that intergenerational reproduction of educational fields is widespread, but its extent varies across fields of study. The tendency is most pronounced among children of professional, educated parents with masters and higher‐level degrees. Moreover, the analysis shows that students who do not choose the same field as their parents nonetheless tend to choose educational fields close to those of their parents.     

基于信息化的教务管理流程优化研究

高等教育的不断改革和教育管理现代化的不断推进,使基于网络、计算机平台的教务管理系统迅速发展起来。文章基于信息化的管理原理,结合实际工作经验,优化教务管理工作中的部分管理流程,为以后的教务管理工作提出一点参考,从而使现有的教务管理系统能更好地为师生服务。     

高等职业教育教学改革探析

近年来,我国高等职业教育迅猛发展,文章从高等职业教育的办学理念、课程体系、析,并提出了教学改革的建议及措施。在发展过程中,其存在的问题也受到社会的广泛关注。师资队伍、教材建设等几方面对存在的问题进行了剖     

Educational assortative mating: a micro‐educational approach

This article presents a new way of analysing educational assortative mating patterns, using a detailed ‘micro‐educational’ classification capturing both hierarchical and horizontal forms of educational differentiation. Taking advantage of rich Danish population data, we apply log‐linear models that include four ways of measuring educational homogamy patterns: (a) by returns to education, (b) by macro‐education (five aggregated levels), (c) by field of study (16 categories), and (d) by a disaggregated micro‐educational classification, combining levels and fields of study (54 groups). Our results show declines in educational homogamy from 1984 to 2013, but the odds ratios of being educationally homogamous at the university college and university levels remain of substantial magnitude, by both the macro‐ and micro‐educational measures. The micro‐educational classification outperforms all other measures in explaining the associations in the homogamy tables. The income measure (‘returns to education’) does a particularly poor job of explaining homogamy patterns from 1984 to 2013.     

The Internationalization of Educational and Vocational Guidance

The authors identify and discuss the main themes from the discourse on the internationalization of educational and vocational guidance at the 2004 Symposium on International Perspectives on Career Development, cosponsored by the International Association for Educational and Vocational Guidance and the National Career Development Association. Participants from 46 countries discussed international perspectives on and comparative features of educational and vocational guidance. They concentrated on issues of designing and adapting models, methods, and materials for career education and counseling. Three additional themes revolved around the importance of public policy initiatives, training enough practitioners to meet the growing international need for career services, and the promise of information technology for expanding the delivery of educational and vocational guidance and for supporting career counselors.