共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Lorenz M. Hilty Andreas Köhler Fabian Von Schéele Rainer Zah Thomas Ruddy 《Poiesis & praxis》2006,4(1):19-38
Information technology (IT) is continuously making astounding progress in technical efficiency. The time, space, material
and energy needed to provide a unit of IT service have decreased by three orders of magnitude since the first personal computer
(PC) was sold. However, it seems difficult for society to translate IT’s efficiency progress into progress in terms of individual,
organizational or socio-economic goals. In particular it seems to be difficult for individuals to work more efficiently, for
organizations to be more productive and for the socio-economic system to be more sustainable by using increasingly efficient
IT. This article provides empirical evidence and potential explanations for this problem. Many counterproductive effects of
IT can be explained economically by rebound effects. Beyond that, we conclude that the technological determinism adopted by
decision-makers is the main obstacle in translating IT’s progress into non-technical goals.
相似文献
Lorenz M. HiltyEmail: |
2.
Evelyn L. Lehrer 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(3):277-293
This paper examines how two dimensions of childhood religion—affiliation and participation—are related to the probability
of graduating from high school. Hypotheses derived from a human capital model are tested with data on non-Hispanic white and
black women from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. The empirical findings are generally consistent with the hypotheses,
revealing sizeable differentials in the likelihood of obtaining a high-school diploma by affiliation and participation. The
results suggest that the convergence of Catholics to the mainline Protestant pattern for non-Hispanic whites found here, and
supported by many previous studies, has not taken place in the black population. In other respects, the relationships between
religion and high-school graduation are similar for the two racial groups.
相似文献
Evelyn L. LehrerEmail: |
3.
David E. Kalist 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):219-235
The Ladies Professional Golf Association provides a unique setting to examine productivity differences between women with
children and women without children. In this paper, productivity is directly observed (e.g., the player’s golf score), unlike
most studies that use wage as a proxy for productivity. Therefore, discrimination cannot be a source of observed differences
in productivity between mothers and nonmothers, since the earnings of players are strictly determined by relative performance.
Using panel data on women professional golfers, I find that motherhood lowers productivity. The productivity of women who
eventually become mothers increases in the years before giving birth and then declines thereafter. The results support the
human-capital explanation and Becker’s effort hypothesis of the family gap. One further finding is that marriage increases
productivity.
相似文献
David E. KalistEmail: |
4.
David S. Loughran Ashlesha Datar M. Rebecca Kilburn 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(3):223-242
The theoretical and empirical literature on parental investment focuses on whether child-specific parental investments reinforce
or compensate for a child’s initial endowments. However, many parental investments, such as neighborhood quality and family
size and structure, are shared wholly or in part among all children in a household. The empirical results of this paper imply
that such household parental investments compensate for low endowments, as proxied by low birth weight.
相似文献
M. Rebecca KilburnEmail: |
5.
Christopher K. Coombs 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(2):99-113
This paper reviews the empirical literature on the “Government Substitution” hypothesis. We focus our attention on the sample
periods used, model specification, and econometric technique. The seminal piece on this topic is Neumann and Rissman (J Labor
Econ 2:175–192, 1984) and to date there have been less than a handful of extensions beyond this initial investigation. By
tracking the limited development of this hypothesis over time we are able to conclude that there is still an opportunity for
additional empirical exploration in this area.
相似文献
Christopher K. CoombsEmail: |
6.
7.
Joseph J. Sabia 《Journal of Labor Research》2009,30(1):75-97
Proponents of state and federal minimum wage increases argue that past minimum wage hikes have not adversely affected retail
employment. However, the existing empirical evidence is mixed. This study uses monthly data from the 1979–2004 Current Population
Survey to provide new estimates of the effect of minimum wage increases on retail employment and hours worked. The findings
suggest evidence of modest adverse effects. A 10% increase in the minimum wage is associated with a 1% decline in retail trade
employment and usual weekly hours worked. Larger negative employment and hours effects are observed for the least experienced
workers in the retail sector. These results are robust across a number of specifications, but are sensitive to controls for
state time trends.
相似文献
Joseph J. SabiaEmail: |
8.
We study the general class of two-player public-policy contests and specify the asymmetry condition under which a more restrained government intervention that reduces the contestants’ prizes has the “perverse” effect of increasing their aggregate lobbying efforts.
相似文献
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
9.
This study analyses the relationships between export, import and economic growth for the 13 transition economies. Empirical
results show that there is a unidirectional causality from economic growth to export. Empirical findings show that the growth-led
export hypothesis is valid in those countries and growth is rather shaped by increase in import demand.
相似文献
Salih BarişikEmail: |
10.
This paper attempts to examine the link between nominal devaluation and real devaluation with special reference to the Philippines.
In doing so, we have used log linear relationship between the variables and have employed some sophisticated tests such as
Ng–Perron unit root test, autoregressive distributive lag model, and dynamic ordinary least squares test for the long run
correlation. The findings of the study with the Philippino quarterly data suggest that not only in the long run, but also
in the short run, nominal devaluation leads to real devaluation.
相似文献
Muhammad ShahbazEmail: |
11.
The economics of gay and lesbian couples: Introduction to a special issue on gay and lesbian households 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article presents a simple conceptual framework integrating three couple-related outcomes analyzed in this volume: wage
differentials in earnings related to couple formation, household formation (including cohabitation and registration as Registered
Domestic Partnership), and intra-household allocation of income. It also discusses some of the articles’ main findings.
相似文献
Lisa K. Jepsen (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Close to Home: A Simultaneous Equations Model of the Relationship Between Child Care Accessibility and Female Labor Force Participation 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Rising rates of maternal employment among current and former welfare recipients have increased the use of non-parental child
care. Little empirical work examines the relationship between women’s labor supply and the geographic supply of child care.
We combine census data with child care provider information for the state of Maryland to explore the relationship between
female labor supply and the geographic supply of child care. OLS and 3-SLS equations are estimated, and the findings are consistent
across each estimator: Women’s labor supply is sensitive to the geographic supply of child care and vice versa. These results
are important because states now spend significant money on quality improvement initiatives, many of which increase child
care supply in low-income neighborhoods.
相似文献
Burt S. BarnowEmail: |
13.
The inverse plurality rule—an axiomatization 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Under the ‘inverse plurality rule’, voters specify only their least preferred alternative. Our first result establishes that
this rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies the minimal veto condition (MV). We then prove that the inverse plurality
rule is characterized by MV and the four well known conditions that characterize scoring rules; namely, Anonymity (A), Neutrality
(N), Reinforcement (RE) and Continuity (CO). Our new characterization result is related to the characterizations of approval
voting and of the widely used plurality rule. We finally show how the axiomatization of the inverse plurality rule can be
extended to the axiomatization of elementary scoring rules (vote for t-alternatives scoring rules).
We are indebted to two anonymous referees for their most useful comments.
相似文献
Eyal Baharad (Corresponding author)Email: |
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
14.
Jackie Gabriel 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(1):68-87
Faced with declining union membership and a growing immigrant workforce, the US labor movement has started to realize the
importance of organizing immigrant workers. Yet the conventional wisdom among many within the movement is that immigrant workers
are “unorganizable.” Based on a case study of a collaborative effort between the United Food and Commercial Workers Union
and Omaha Together, One Community to organize an estimated 4,000 Latino immigrant meatpacking workers, I demonstrate not only
the “organizability” of immigrant workers, but also the fact that they have been organizing themselves, with the help of a
community-based organization, in the absence of union efforts. This case study suggests that in order to facilitate successful
organizing campaigns among immigrant workers, unions need to reach out to community-based organizations and institutions that
have established relationships with immigrant workers.
相似文献
Jackie GabrielEmail: |
15.
Bernard Enjolras 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(3):274-290
The paper proposes to discuss the issue of civicness in the governance of social services by analyzing policy changes relative
to the regulation and governance of social services in Europe. The empirical analysis is structured around the concept of
“governance regime.” The paper shows that modernization processes within the field of social services in Europe develop along
two radically different regulative conceptions reflected into two different governance regimes: market-based or competitive
governance vs civic-based or partnership governance. The governance of social services in Europe appears to take place within
a mix between two ideal-typical governance regimes: the market-based and partnership-based governance regimes.
相似文献
Bernard EnjolrasEmail: |
16.
Catharine MacLaren 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2008,36(3):245-253
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has not traditionally utilized “use of self” to describe the clinician’s role in counseling
but much attention has been given to the importance of the therapeutic relationship and the components necessary and appropriate
for a strong working alliance. The CBT approach is discussed within the framework of previously articulated five uses of selves.
A case example is presented.
相似文献
Catharine MacLarenEmail: |
17.
Donald F. Vitaliano 《Review of Economics of the Household》2009,7(2):179-188
Women employed in the New York paper box industry in 1913–1914 earned about 60% of what men did. This paper employs the human
capital framework to analyze the wage differential due to productivity related factors versus discriminatory nepotism towards
men. Years of schooling, years of experience in the paper box trade, and legislative restrictions on working hours of women
account for virtually all of the observed wage differential, both for all men and women in the paper box industry, and between
the skilled occupations of cutters and strippers.
相似文献
Donald F. VitalianoEmail: |
18.
Pat Sable 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2008,36(1):21-30
This paper explores the concept of adult attachment. Although attachment theory is now getting a great deal of attention,
there is not yet a clear picture of what it means to be attached in adulthood or what the clinical applications of the approach
might be. Using Bowlby’s distinctive ethological-evolutionary framework and updating it with findings from neurobiology and
attachment research, it is proposed there is an attachment behavioral system that operates throughout the lives of adults
and that this changes the way we understand our clients’ distress and carry out psychotherapy.
相似文献
Pat SableEmail: |
19.
Married Women’s Labor Supply and Spousal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: Results from Panel Data 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Jason E. Murasko 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(3):391-406
This paper investigates the effect of spousal insurance coverage on married women’s labor supply. This effect was hypothesized
to be negative, since married women have an incentive to seek employment in jobs that will provide insurance when their husbands
do not provide coverage. Panel data from the 1996–2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys was used to control for the potential
correlation between unobserved characteristics and spousal insurance. The findings suggest that spousal coverage does have
a negative effect on married women’s labor supply, and that most of the reduction in labor supply seems to derive from shifts
out of the labor force rather than between part-time and full-time work.
相似文献
Jason E. MuraskoEmail: |
20.
Chris van Klaveren Bernard van Praag Henriette Maassen van den Brink 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(2):169-191
In this paper we consider an empirical collective household model of time allocation for two-earner households. The novelty
of this paper is that we estimate a version of the collective household model, where the internally produced goods and externally
purchased goods are assumed to be public. The empirical results suggest that (1) Preferences of men and women differ; (2)
Although there are significant individual variations, on average the utility functions of men and women are equally weighted
in the household utility function; (3) Differences in the ratio of the partners’ hourly wages are explanatory for how individual
utilities are weighted in the household utility function. (4) The female’s preference for household production is influenced
by family size, but this does not hold for the male; (5) Both the male and the female have a backward-bending labor supply
curve; (6) Labor-supply curves are forward-bending with respect to the partner’s wage rate; (7) Our model rejects the unitary
Slutsky symmetry condition.
相似文献
Chris van KlaverenEmail: |