基于价值创造视角的互联网企业核心资源及能力研究

尽管网络经济已经成为国民经济的重要组成部分,但至今尚未形成一套适用于网络经济特征的体系化的竞争战略理论。为了弥补这一不足,本文通过对网络经济理论和战略管理理论的整合,借鉴AMIT&ZOTT提出的虚拟交易的四维价值空间理论框架,并将其推广应用到WEB2.0企业,从价值创造的角度揭示了网络企业的"3+1"核心资源和能力的构成体系。理论研究表明3种核心资源--原创内容资源、匹配数据资源、关系网络资源和1种核心能力--汇聚资源能力,对企业核心价值和竞争优势的形成具有正向的影响作用。为了检验假设,本文以北京市海淀区的248家网络企业为样本,采用结构方程模型分析方法进行分析。实证结果表明:原创内容资源、匹配数据资源和关系网络资源对核心价值和竞争优势的产生具有显著作用;而汇聚资源能力对原创内容资源、匹配数据资源和关系网络资源的形成具有显著的正效应。实证数据部分支持了本文的原始假设。     

知识管理与企业核心竞争力的培育

本文分析企业核心竞争力的知识属性,综合出核心知识竞争力和核心能动力是其构成维度,为利用知识管理培育企业核心竞争力提供了理论前提。并以复杂性科学理论为工具,根据企业核心竞争力培育过程中的知识流,指出了利用知识管理培育企业核心竞争力的具体措施,为知识经济形势下培育企业核心竞争力和建立它与知识管理的有机联系提供理论启示。     

External resource provision and the international performance of SMEs – A contextual analysis

This paper investigates whether different categories of links (core and discretionary) to external resource providers are associated with the international performance of SMEs, as well as the perceived importance of external links for providing specific forms of assistance toward internationalization. A study of 180 internationally active SMEs examines whether these features vary according to the SMEs' contexts, specifically their industry and level of home economy development. The relevance of these two contexts is theoretically informed by resource dependence, environmental munificence and institutional perspectives. SME decision-makers' attribution of importance to discretionary external links predicts stronger international performance, but this is not the case with core market transactional links. Different external parties emerge as important sources of specific forms of assistance toward internationalization. Many of these results are associated with the SME's industry and home economy context. The paper concludes with a new contextually-informed model of SME egocentric networking and implications for practice.     

Does Market Incompleteness Matter?

This paper argues that incompleteness of intertemporal financial markets has little effect (on welfare, prices, or consumption) in an economy with a single consumption good, provided that traders are long–lived and patient, a riskless bond is traded, shocks are transitory, and there is no aggregate risk. In an economy with aggregate risk, a similar conclusion holds, provided traders share the same CRRA utility function and the right assets are traded. Examples demonstrate that these conclusions need not hold if the wrong assets are traded or if the economy has multiple consumption goods.     

Postwar structural and technological changes in the American economy

This paper utilizes input—output techniques to analyze postwar technological and structural change in the American economy, focusing on the subperiods 1947–1958, 1958–1963 and 1963–1966. The relationship between technological change, changes in input—output relationships and structural change is discussed. Postwar changes in total output requirements as measured by inverse coefficients and in intermediate output requirements as measured by inverse and by direct coefficients are summarized, and the variability in individual input—output coefficients is analyzed. It is found that postwar changes in the structure of the American economy have been highly uneven, unpatterned and erratic and that the accurate forecasting of these changes is extremely difficult given the data which are presently available. The indications of these findings for interindustry research are briefly discussed.     

电子商务时代的供应链管理

电子商务的迅猛发展对全球经济产生了巨大冲击。本文论述了企业赖以生存的市场环境在电子商务时代发生的重大变革、以及供应链管理在这种背景下的核心任务,并且对电子商务时代供应链管理的若干方法、途径进行了探讨。     

基于区域集聚的产业价值共享模型研究

随着社会经济和技术的不断发展,传统的关于区域产业集聚的产业共享观点存在的产业背景发生了巨大的变化.本文拟对区域集聚的产业价值共享问题研究,提出区域产业集聚是基于区域产业能力的一种产业能动选择,塑造产业竞争优势是产业能动选择的新的发展目标,产业价值共享是培育产业核心能力的内在要求,而优势产业和产业优势要素是区域产业选择和产业价值共享的目标,并为二次产业提供基础和依据,构建了基于区域集聚的产业价值共享模型.     

The Network Origins of Aggregate Fluctuations

This paper argues that, in the presence of intersectoral input–output linkages, microeconomic idiosyncratic shocks may lead to aggregate fluctuations. We show that, as the economy becomes more disaggregated, the rate at which aggregate volatility decays is determined by the structure of the network capturing such linkages. Our main results provide a characterization of this relationship in terms of the importance of different sectors as suppliers to their immediate customers, as well as their role as indirect suppliers to chains of downstream sectors. Such higher‐order interconnections capture the possibility of “cascade effects” whereby productivity shocks to a sector propagate not only to its immediate downstream customers, but also to the rest of the economy. Our results highlight that sizable aggregate volatility is obtained from sectoral idiosyncratic shocks only if there exists significant asymmetry in the roles that sectors play as suppliers to others, and that the “sparseness” of the input–output matrix is unrelated to the nature of aggregate fluctuations.     

Ethics and human resource management and development in a global context: case study of an Indian multinational

A firm's orientation to ethics is influenced largely by its national and organizational culture. Research shows that a growing number of Indian firms place a distinct emphasis on long-term orientation to business strategy with a social mission, underpinned by firm commitment to core organizational values, employee development and welfare. Through a case study of a large Indian multinational conglomerate, this article provides preliminary evidence of how some emerging economy firms are successfully mixing and matching indigenous business and people management strategies with the Western emphasis on meritocracy and professionalism to compete in the contemporary global economy. It further shows how the human resource development (HRD) discipline can play a pro-active role in embedding ethics and values throughout the organizational and HR architecture. The HRD professionals in the case study firm also face several structural and cultural challenges in discharging their ethics-driven HR mandate, such as management's ethnocentric attitude to global staffing and clash of work cultures.     

Modeling Imbalanced Economic Recovery Following a Natural Disaster Using Input‐Output Analysis

Input‐output analysis is frequently used in studies of large‐scale weather‐related (e.g., Hurricanes and flooding) disruption of a regional economy. The economy after a sudden catastrophe shows a multitude of imbalances with respect to demand and production and may take months or years to recover. However, there is no consensus about how the economy recovers. This article presents a theoretical route map for imbalanced economic recovery called dynamic inequalities. Subsequently, it is applied to a hypothetical postdisaster economic scenario of flooding in London around the year 2020 to assess the influence of future shocks to a regional economy and suggest adaptation measures. Economic projections are produced by a macro econometric model and used as baseline conditions. The results suggest that London's economy would recover over approximately 70 months by applying a proportional rationing scheme under the assumption of initial 50% labor loss (with full recovery in six months), 40% initial loss to service sectors, and 10–30% initial loss to other sectors. The results also suggest that imbalance will be the norm during the postdisaster period of economic recovery even though balance may occur temporarily. Model sensitivity analysis suggests that a proportional rationing scheme may be an effective strategy to apply during postdisaster economic reconstruction, and that policies in transportation recovery and in health care are essential for effective postdisaster economic recovery.     

Simulating the Linkages Between Economy and Armed Conflict in India With a Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm

This article analyzes the linkages between the economy and armed conflict in India using annual frequency data for the period 1989–2016, the maximum time period for which consistent data are available for the country. An adequate set of economic indicators was established to fully reflect the economic condition. Long short-term memory (LSTM), which is a machine-learning algorithm for time series, was employed to simulate the relationship between the economy and armed conflict events. In addition, LSTM was applied to predict the trend of armed conflict with two strategies: multiyear predictions and yearly predictions. The results show that both strategies can adequately simulate the relationship between the economy and armed conflict, with all simulation accuracies above 90%. The accuracy of the yearly prediction is higher than that of the multiyear prediction. Theoretically, the future state and trend of armed conflict can be predicted with LSTM and future economic data if future economic data can be predicted.     

知识共享研究综述

知识共享是组织知识管理的核心。近几年来,大量文献资料表明,知识共享成为知识管理研究的一个重点。在检索了1996年到2005年的知识共享相关研究文献的基础上,通过对这些文献的筛选、分析与分类,认为这些文献大体是从知识共享的经济性、知识共享的对象、知识共享的主体以及知识共享的手段4个方面展开研究的。为此,对这4个方面进行了综述,并探讨了今后研究的发展趋势。     

Wage Inequality of US Truck Drivers

Using CPS data for the period 1979–2009, the wage dispersion of truck drivers (and subsets of the truck driving sample) is compared with the trends in wage dispersion of males economy‐wide. We find that truckers' wages experienced a decrease in inequality post‐deregulation, as expected given the literature on regulation's impact on the labor market. We also find that the wage dispersion for truckers is markedly different from males economy‐wide, providing evidence that the wage distribution of truck drivers has been dominated by the changing structure of the occupation post‐deregulation and largely immune to the factors that increased inequality for the aggregate labor market.     

房价变动、产业转移与区域协调发展——以京津冀地区为例

构建房价-资本模型，分析房地产行业投资收益对工业再投资的影响，发现：地区间适当的房地产行业投资收益差异有利于工业企业从核心地区向边缘地区转移，差异较大则导致资本流向房价增长过快地区的房地产行业；若地区间房地产行业投资收益差异既定，较大的经济发展差距对产业转移起阻碍作用，激烈的市场竞争则起促进作用。利用京津冀地区13个城市的数据构建面板门限模型，验证了：（1）较低的房价增长率促进了北京市相对低效的资本向外转移，但是北京市与周边地区较大的经济发展差距又阻碍了该趋势。（2）核心区流出的资本优先向次发达地区转移，而落后地区则有被彻底边缘化的风险。为实现京津冀地区协调发展，一方面要加强对京津冀地区房价的宏观调控、防止房价过快增长；另一方面要制定针对边缘地区的优惠政策，引导非首都功能向周边转移。     

基于模块化网络组织的知识流动研究

模块化网络组织是新经济时代兴起的一种新型产业组织形式,它为知识流动提供了网络平台,同时它的组织特性又有利于促进知识流动和整合.知识流动能够提升模块化分工水平,推动网络组织升级和技术创新,化解模块化风险,从而增强模块化网络组织的竞争优势.本文引入企业知识理论,分析了模块化网络组织与知识流动的耦合机制以及模块化网络组织环境下知识流动的动态过程、动力机制和主要模式.     

Temptation and Taxation

We study optimal taxation when consumers have temptation and self‐control problems. Embedding the class of preferences developed by Gul and Pesendorfer into a standard macroeconomic setting, we first prove, in a two‐period model, that the optimal policy is to subsidize savings when consumers are tempted by “excessive” impatience. The savings subsidy improves welfare because it makes succumbing to temptation less attractive. We then study an economy with a long but finite horizon which nests, as a special case, the Phelps–Pollak–Laibson multiple‐selves model (thereby providing guidance on how to evaluate welfare in this model). We prove that when period utility is logarithmic, the optimal savings subsidies increase over time for any finite horizon. Moreover, as the horizon grows large, the optimal policy prescribes a constant subsidy, in contrast to the well known Chamley–Judd result.     

以创新网络提升中小企业技术创新能力

经济低迷时期,中小企业更趋向于通过创新网络来提升竞争力,塑造核心能力,结合文献分析和企业调研,从能力和要素组合两个维度,提出了创新网络中企业能力提升的分析框架,指出创新网络中的中小企业核心能力来自于企业内外创新要素协同.最后通过一个案例分析详细阐述了这种能力提升与要素协同的关系.     

Trust after the Global Financial Meltdown

Over the last decade, and culminating in the 2008 global financial meltdown, there has been an erosion of trust and a concomitant rise of distrust in domestic companies, multinational enterprises, and political economies. In response to this attrition, this article presents three arguments. First, we suggest that trust is the “glue” of any viable political economy, and we propose that the stakes of violating public trust are particularly high in light of the asymmetry between trust and distrust. Second, we identify a constellation of key barriers to overcoming distrust that companies face in the current environment: (1) corporate mind‐sets that promote a preoccupation with quantification, hierarchical leadership models, and “blind trust” in authority; (2) the anonymity of core stakeholders; (3) the agency of the media as a driver of the political economy; and (4) firm‐centric models of stakeholder relationships. Third, we argue that, notwithstanding these challenges, these phenomena are not fatal and can be addressed through a holistic transformation in corporate culture. Such a transformation might include a shift to collaborative leadership models and replacing authority models with responsibility, a “names and faces” approach to stakeholders through cases and stories, more egalitarian communication exchanges with external stakeholders, and a reprioritization of the firm as a vital element among others within a system rather than the central core of a network. We conclude that the value of trust at the individual, institutional, national, and global levels cannot be overstated. Without a reinvigoration of trust in our political economies, at all levels, the future of an economically vibrant planet is indeed bleak.     

中国企业的全球学习模式研究

随着经济全球化的到来,我国企业在国内市场已面临着激烈的国际化竞争,通过全球学习迅速培育和发展核心能力便成为当前我国企业国际化经营的首要战略选择,并进而关系到新世纪中国在整个世界经济中的战略地位。据此,本文从国内市场的互动型学习和国外市场的本土化学习这一双层学习视角,构建中国企业的全球学习模式,并进而针对核心能力的培养与更新,系统地设计互动型学习与本土化学习的层次、架构和流程。最后运用全球性的战略眼光,从全球学习机制、知识管理、企业家三个方面研究全球学习实施的渠道、手段和核心,提出通过全球知识共享来全面提升中国企业国际核心竞争力的新构想。     

Was müssen Führungskräfte können?

Ethics Education complements business administration only if it teaches strategic competencies that help managers to become better leaders. To this end, this article sketches an ordonomic approach to an economic ethics for competitive markets, to a business ethics for firms (corporate citizens), and to a process ethics for new governance. The core idea of this ordonomic approach is the win-win concept of mutually beneficial value creation. Thus, ordonomics is compatible with the market economy and at the same time supplements the management education in business schools: This approach systematically identifies strategic competencies that enable managers to display the kind of entrepreneurial leadership that is necessary for firms to fulfill their social function of value creation—by making use of moral commitments as a factor of production.