大学生共情能力与人际信任的相关性研究

大学生共情能力与人际信任的相关性研究,有助于提升大学生的人际关系与友谊质量。基于共情能力与人际信任的内涵特征,以问卷调查为研究方法,对某高校大学生的共情能力与人际之间信任关系开展研究,发现大学生共情能力、人际信任与友谊质量之间存在紧密联系,并且大学生共情能力极大地作用于人际信任对友谊质量的影响。     

“文化帝国主义”与青少年文化身份认同及价值观建构

尽管对"文化帝国主义"的争执颇多,但在全球化的时代,其依然发生着不可忽视的作用。文化帝国主义深刻影响着我国青少年的文化旨趣,并引发青少年的文化身份危机,其主要表征为本土文化与外来文化的关系更加复杂、传统文化与当代文化的互动日趋削弱、主流文化的影响力逐渐降低。在应对这种文化身份危机中,有各种不同的方式,其最终的目的是为了获得明确的、自信的文化身份。当前,青少年的文化身份认同,与青少年价值观建构在内核上有着极大的互补性和交融性,两者的关系密不可分。     

青少年动漫爱好现状调查

为了解青少年动漫爱好现状,探讨如何引导青少年从动漫作品中获取具有积极意义的信息,本研究采用自编的调查问卷,对北京、天津、上海及昆明986名初中学生进行了调查。研究结果表明,成人社会对动漫文化的评价日趋客观,更多家长和教师接受并认可青少年的动漫爱好;过渡迷恋动漫会对学生的学习造成不利影响。但多数学生能处理好兴趣与学业两者间的关系;动漫兴趣不会导致初中学生无节制的动漫消费,多数学生合理控制动漫花费;初中学生接触动漫的主要渠道是电视;日本动漫最受初中学生青睐。     

同伴侵害现象调查及干预策略

同伴侵害是青少年阶段普遍存在的现象,对青少年有多方面的消极影响和危害,因此,对其重要后果机制进行研究对于同伴侵害干预工作非常重要。对764名初中生的外显侵害、关系侵害、内化问题、外化问题及学校参与情况的调查发现,有约一半的初中生报告曾经受到同伴的关系攻击和外显攻击;在控制了性别及外显侵害的影响之后,关系侵害正向预测青少年的内化问题,进而影响其学校参与情况;在控制了性别与关系侵害的影响之后,外显侵害正向预测了青少年的外化问题,进而影响其学校参与情况;初中男生比女生显著受到同伴更多的外显攻击;但男生与女生在受到同伴关系攻击的频率上可能相似。     

浅析同伴关系对青少年成长影响及应对措施

同伴关系对青少年的心理健康成长具有重要作用,从单向上分为同伴接纳和同伴拒绝两种表现形式。为了有针对性地帮助青少年建立起良好的同伴关系,避免悲剧事件的发生,为青少年未来的成长成才奠定良好的社会交往基础,查阅以往研究成果浅析影响同伴关系建立和发展的因素,以及青少年在不同形式的同伴关系中可能产生的心理及行为的变化,并提出了一些应对措施。     

寻找朋友、选择友谊与青少年的社会化(上)——兼论中、日、美三国中学生的择友取向

中学生时代是青少年社会化的一个重要阶段。在此阶段中,寻找朋友、选择友谊对当代中学生的成长有着什么作用?不同文化背景、价值取向下的中学生择友方法,标准又有何异同?笔者以为,通过比较分析来把握其特点和规律,对于教育工作者、青年工作者乃至学生家长无疑有着重要的现实意义。为此,本文运用上海社科院青少年研究所、日本青少年研究所以及美国有关教育部门多年合作收集的大量调查资料,对上述问题略作探讨。     

论友伴群体对青少年社会化的影响

人的社会化是个体学习社会文化、行为规范、掌握基本技能、从一个自然意义上的人转化为社会意义上的人的过程。在个体与社会的相互作用中,社会环境对个体的社会化产生决定性影响,友伴群体作为一种社会环境因素,在青少年的社会化历程中具有不可忽视的作用。探讨青少年的成长与发展,把友伴群体纳入研究视野,是极为必要,也是非常有意义的。友伴群体是指价值取向相近、生活情趣相投、以共同娱乐为其主要活动形式、靠情感联络起来的一种非正式群体。娱乐友伴群、友谊友伴群、学习友伴群以及所谓讲“哥们义气”的“朋友圈子”、甚至犯罪小团体等都是比较典型的友伴群体。在人的不同年龄阶段,个体都可能接触一些友伴群。儿童最早接触的是游戏友伴群,在游戏活动中,通过与游伴相处,他们开始懂得友谊、谦让、互     

电脑游戏对青少年负面影响的相关研究述评

电脑游戏对青少年友谊、自尊和攻击性的影响是人们普遍关注的问题.本文根据相关研究对此问题进行了分析探讨.     

理解与隔膜——家庭成员对青春期亲子冲突的感知差异研究

青春期亲子冲突一直是发展心理学研究中的一个经典课题．以往国内相关研究多采用青少年为被试,忽略了冲突是一个双向的人际互动事件,“亲”与“子”应获得同样的关注。本研究对来自初一、初二、高一、高二年级的青少年家庭进行了问卷测试,试图通过比较不同家庭成员对青春期亲子冲突的感知差异来更深入地了解这一阶段青少年的家庭互动。结果表明：整体上父母感知到的亲子冲突比子女感知到的更为频繁和激烈,但当冲突内容与子女的隐私相关时除外;父母比子女更倾向于认为亲子冲突没有得到很好地解决;从家庭报告的各方面亲子冲突频率和强度来看,似乎整体上父亲比母亲更易高估与子女的冲突状况。但当亲子冲突的内容涉及子女隐私时除外;总体上父母都倾向于低估子女的亲子冲突动机。父母在对子女亲子冲突动机进行猜测时与子女报告数据差异最大的三项是“维持关系”、“独立自主”和“求取公平”。     

德国青少年用语研究

第二次世界大战结束以后,德国青少年用语开始进入语言学研究领域,成为受到众多研究者青睐的热门课题,并逐渐发展成为德语语言学的重要组成部分。本文从德国青少年用语的发展历程入手,对德国青少年用语在过去六十年中取得的丰硕成果进行了回顾和总结;从社会、文化、心理和语义等不同角度详细介绍了德国青少年用语的概念;阐述了德国青少年用语的研究领域及其研究方法;在此基础上,揭示其发展趋势及目前研究中存在的不足。     

Qualities of Peer Relations on Social Networking Websites: Predictions From Negative Mother–Teen Interactions

This study examined associations between characteristics of teenagers' relationships with their mothers and their later socializing behavior and peer relationship quality online. At age 13, teenagers and their mothers participated in an interaction in which mothers' and adolescents' behavior undermining autonomy and relatedness was observed and indicators of teens' depressive symptoms and social anxiety were assessed. At age 20, youth self‐reported on their online behaviors, youths' social networking webpages were observationally coded to assess peer relationship quality online, and symptoms of depression and social anxiety were reassessed. Results suggested that problematic mother–teen relationships were predictive of youths' later preference for online communication and greater likelihood of forming a friendship with someone met online, yet poorer quality in online relationships. Findings are discussed within a developmental framework suggesting the importance of considering youths' family interactions during early adolescence as predictors of future online socializing behavior and online interactions with peers.     

Moderators of Stress in Salvadoran Refugees: The Role of Social and Personal Resources1

Refugee research has tended to focus exclusively on the mental health consequences of migration with little attention being devoted to factors that facilitate adjustment. Recently, several cross‐cultural researchers have suggested that the growing literature on moderators of stress may elucidate why some migrants experience adverse effects whereas others remain relatively unscathed. This study examines the moderating effects of social and personal resources on the relationship between stress and subjective well‐being in 60 recently‐arrived and 60 established Salvadoran refugees in Canada. The participants completed a questionnaire that included scales pertaining to stress (life events, hassles, migration‐related events), resources (social support, locus of control, self‐esteem) and well‐being (quality of life, life satisfaction). Varying results were found for both groups. For Recent Refugees, personal resources were found to moderate migration stress. In particular, locus of control buffered the relationships between migration stress and quality of life and life satisfaction, whereas self‐esteem buffered the migration stress‐quality of life relation. For Established Refugees, social support and self‐esteem moderated the relationship between life events and life satisfaction. In addition, social support buffered the effects of hassles on quality of life. The findings underscore the relevance of integrating more firmly the study of refugee adjustment with current developments in stress research.     

The Effects of Ethnic Minority Adolescents' Ethnic Self‐Identification on Friendship Selection

This study investigated the effects of ethnic minority adolescents' ethnic self‐identification (host country, dual, or heritage country) on friendship choices among ethnic majority and minority peers. Hypotheses were derived from similarity–attraction and social identity theory and tested using longitudinal social network data from 1,004 middle school students (five schools) in Germany. Results showed that ethnic minority adolescents' ethnic self‐identification affected friendship selection beyond ethnic homophily. While host country and dual identification was beneficial with respect to friendships with both ethnic majority and minority peers, heritage country identification was detrimental to relations with both of them.     

Distinguishing Attachment and Affiliation in Early Adolescents’ Narrative Descriptions of Their Best Friendship

This study was designed to test for specificity in the relationship between individual friendship provisions and adjustment across early adolescence. Using a narrative procedure, attachment (i.e., accessing care) and affiliation (i.e., forming cooperative partnerships) were found to be distinct functional themes organizing 293 adolescents’ (M_age = 13) internal representations of their best friendship across three annual measurement occasions. Longitudinal, cross‐lag analyses revealed a unique transactional relationship between friendship affiliation and greater social competence over time, controlling for friendship stability, maternal relationship quality, socioeconomic status, and gender. By contrast, friendship attachment predicted fewer subsequent internalizing symptoms from ages 14 to 15. Together, findings point to the importance of understanding individual differences in the content of adolescents’ internal representations of friendship.     

Parent–child relationships,friendship networks,and developmental outcomes of economically disadvantaged youth in Hong Kong

This research investigates factors conducive to the thriving of economically disadvantaged young people in Hong Kong. In particular, we examine ways in which the parent–child relationship and friendship networks, as the principal sources of support during the transition from childhood to adulthood, influence the developmental outcomes of this group of young people with regard to their mental health, positive identity, behavioral adjustment, resilience and academic achievement. Based on a survey of 479 young people recruited from community-based youth-service centers located in different districts of Hong Kong, the results of the present research support the hypotheses that parent–child relationships and friendship networks have significant positive effects on youth development among low-income young people. Our results also show that, when compared with friendship networks, the parent–child relationship is a stronger predictor of youth development, that is, a stronger parent–child relationship tends to correspond to a better developmental outcome. Moreover, our research provides empirical evidence regarding the influence that parents can have on shaping the quality of young people's friendship networks. The implications of our findings, both for future research and for service delivery to promote the well-being of economically disadvantaged young people, are discussed.     

A Meta‐Analysis of Friendship Qualities and Romantic Relationship Outcomes in Adolescence

Romantic relationships are one of the most significant interpersonal ties in adolescence, thus understanding factors that may contribute to their formation and quality are important. The current meta‐analysis focuses on links between friendship quality and romantic relationship outcomes for adolescents up to 18 years. In a series of meta‐analyses (k = 28 studies, N's = 946–4,040), friendship qualities were not related to romantic involvement. However, we did find robust evidence of continuity between friendship qualities and romantic relationship qualities. Additionally, adolescents experienced more negative quality in their romantic relationships than in their friendships. These findings suggest that friendships have implications for adolescents’ romantic relationships, although more research is needed on specific quality associations, and the mediators of these relations.     

Limited opportunities: Adolescents’ access to social capital in secondary schools in three European countries

While previous research indicates that students benefit from their peers’ resources, little is known about access to social capital in the school context. Therefore, this study examines differential access to social capital – measured by friends’ socioeconomic status (SES), the number of books they have at home, and their reading habits – in secondary schools in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Relying on a large-scale dataset, I investigate the association between socioeconomic status, minority status, and social capital using complete friendship network information. I argue that social capital access is connected to a two-stage process consisting of school sorting and friendship selection. To differentiate between these two processes, I apply within-between random effects (REWB). The models show that friendship selection is much less relevant for access to social capital than school sorting. Results indicate that while high-SES students have better access to social capital across dimensions, access patterns for minority students are more nuanced.     

Friendship and Alcohol Use in Early Adolescence: A Multilevel Social Network Approach

This study applies multilevel social network analytic techniques to examine processes of homophilic selection and social influence related to alcohol use among friends in early adolescence. Participants included 3,041 Dutch youth (M age =12 years, 49% female) from 120 classrooms in 14 schools. Three waves with 3‐month intervals of friendship nomination data and self‐reports of drinking behavior were collected. Results revealed that within classrooms, friendship nominations tended to be reciprocated and dyadic friendships tended to be embedded within cohesive subgroups (e.g., cliques). Students tended to nominate friends who were the same sex, from a similar ethnic background, and who they previously knew from primary school. Selection processes turned out to play a more significant role than social influence processes in predicting similarity between early adolescent friends' alcohol use. Although friendship dynamics and individual drinking trajectories substantially differed between classrooms, the effects of homophilic selection and social influence did not.     

The “Other” Effects of Psychotropic Medication: Social Workers’ Perspectives on the Psychosocial Effects of Medication Treatment on Adolescent Clients

This study explores social workers’ perspectives on the psychosocial effects of psychotropic drug treatment of their adolescent clients. Using a mail survey, we asked a national sample of experienced clinical social workers to answer questions about their perceptions of the effects of such treatment on the sense of self and social well-being of an adolescent client. The survey questions also explored associations between perceived psychosocial medication effects and characteristics of the client and the treatment. The findings suggested that social workers viewed medication treatment as having greater beneficial than harmful psychosocial effects on their adolescent clients, but that both effects existed simultaneously. The most important factors associated with the perceived effects of medication that emerged from social workers’ reports included the etiology of the disorder, the type of drug treatment and its effectiveness in addressing symptoms, the client’s “competence,” and the quality of the relationship between the client and the treating social worker. This study provides direction for future research on a neglected but important question. It would be helpful to broaden the scope of professional discourse on the advantages and disadvantages of psychopharmacologic treatment for youth beyond the effectiveness or safety of the treatment to include questions concerning clinicians’ perceptions of the effects of drug treatment on youths’ sense of self and social well-being.     

‘Being friends means helping each other,making coffee for each other’: reciprocity in the friendships of people with intellectual disability

Friendship is an issue of concern for many people with intellectual disability. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to understand how people with intellectual disability experience friendship and what friendship means for them. A focus group was held with seven people with intellectual disability, who are members of a self-advocacy group. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data. The people that the research participants identified as their friends were fellow self-advocates, family members, support workers and co-workers. They also identified behaviours and actions that foster friendship and those that undermine it. The analysis shows how the research participants identified as friendships those relationships which had an element of reciprocity, while linking a lack of reciprocity with the absence of friendship. It is very important for non-disabled people to understand the perspectives of people with intellectual disability they live and work with.