中国城市居民婴幼儿奶粉品牌选购行为研究——以北京市为例

以北京市城市消费者为调查对象,运用统计描述法和Logit回归模型,分析消费者对不同品牌婴幼儿奶粉的选购行为及其影响因素。研究结果表明:与国内婴幼儿奶粉品牌相比,国外品牌占据明显优势,82.7%的消费者购买国外品牌;从消费者自身的认知出发,质量安全是其购买国外品牌的主要原因。Logit模型回归结果表明,风险感知、收入、家中小孩数和性别是影响消费者品牌选购的主要影响因素。     

Address register research for the 1991 census of Canada

"The current Canadian census is based on the local enumerator who lists and visits each dwelling in his/her enumeration area to drop off the questionnaires just before census day. Other approaches to compiling an address list exist, however. This paper describes current research into the use of an address register for the next Canadian census, to take place in 1991. Possible applications of an address register are described, earlier research is summarized and potential sources for an address register in the Canadian context are mentioned. The paper concludes with a number of concerns which must be addressed in addition to the more technical issues."     

Using clustering of rankings to explain brand preferences with personality and socio-demographic variables

The primary aim of market segmentation is to identify relevant groups of consumers that can be addressed efficiently by marketing or advertising campaigns. This paper addresses the issue whether consumer groups can be identified from background variables that are not brand-related, and how much personality vs. socio-demographic variables contribute to the identification of consumer clusters. This is done by clustering aggregated preferences for 25 brands across 5 different product categories, and by relating socio-demographic and personality variables to the clusters using logistic regression and random forests over a range of different numbers of clusters. Results indicate that some personality variables contribute significantly to the identification of consumer groups in one sample. However, these results were not replicated on a second sample that was more heterogeneous in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and not representative of the brands target audience.     

大学生体育用品的品牌选择及其影响因素研究——基于陕西21所高校大学生的调查分析

基于陕西21所高校1 000名大学生体育用品品牌选择的李克特量表调查数据,研究了大学生体育用品的品牌选择倾向及其影响因素。研究发现:品牌的高知名度和代言人的高知名度,能够给大学生选择时带来积极影响;体育用品美观性对大学生体育品牌选择具有重要的正面影响,而产品质量、产品售后服务水平等方面对大学生体育用品品牌选择影响不显著;价格水平对大学生体育品牌选择具有显著的负影响;家庭背景与锻炼习惯会对大学生体育用品品牌选择有重要的差异化影响。     

Modeling heteroscedastic age-period-cohort cancer data

The extent to which cancer will be a burden on the Canadian health-care system will be determined by future cancer rates and future population levels in the high-risk age groups. Parametric models of incidence and mortality rates for various cancers may be used to obtain medium-term forecasts of rates, which then can be used in conjunction with population projections to obtain forecasts of total incidence and mortality. Age-period-cohort cancer data often exhibit marked heteroscedasticity, which complicates the modeling of the data. Methods to allow for the effects of this heteroscedasticity on residual processes are developed and discussed in the context of modeling Canadian female breast-cancer incidence data.     

Cluster of time series models: an example

We show that the various times series models, reported in the literature, for the Canadian lynx data form interesting clusters.     

Using compositional and Dirichlet models for market share regression

When the aim is to model market shares, the marketing literature proposes some regression models which can be qualified as attraction models. They are generally derived from an aggregated version of the multinomial logit model. But aggregated multinomial logit models (MNL) and the so-called generalized multiplicative competitive interaction models (GMCI) present some limitations: in their simpler version they do not specify brand-specific and cross effect parameters. In this paper, we consider alternative models: the Dirichlet model (DIR) and the compositional model (CODA). DIR allows to introduce brand-specific parameters and CODA allows additionally to consider cross effect parameters. We show that these two models can be written in a similar fashion, called attraction form, as the MNL and the GMCI models. As market share models are usually interpreted in terms of elasticities, we also use this notion to interpret the DIR and CODA models. We compare the properties of the models in order to explain why CODA and DIR models can outperform traditional market share models. An application to the automobile market is presented where we model brands market shares as a function of media investments, controlling for the brands price and scrapping incentive. We compare the quality of the models using measures adapted to shares.     

Goodness‐of‐fit tests for distributions estimated from complex survey data

We propose nonparametric procedures for comparing the empirical distribution function of data from a complex survey with a hypothesized parametric reference distribution. The hypothesized distribution may be fully specified, or it may be a family with the parameters to be estimated from the data. Of the procedures studied, a modification of the Cramér–von Mises test proposed by Lockhart, Spinelli & Stephens [Lockhart, Spinelli and Stephens, The Canadian Journal of Statistics 2007; 35, 125–133] is supported theoretically and performs well in two simulation studies. The methods are applied to examine the distribution of body mass index in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 409–425; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada     

笔记本电脑品牌竞争力探究——以烟台、威海两市为例

利用访谈法调查了300名消费者和10个笔记本电脑知名品牌的核心经销商，得到了一系列品牌竞争力的指标数据，运用主成分分析和逐步回归方法对烟台、威海两地的笔记本电脑品牌竞争力进行了分析。结果发现：惠普、华硕、联想稳坐三甲，卖价6000~8000元人民币的产品是主流，宽屏笔记本占据整体市场八成以上的关注份额；14．1英寸占据整体市场60％以上关注比例；双核是关注焦点，酷睿2垄断近五成关注度。     

An Empirical Investigation of the “Dynamic McFadden” Model of Purchase Timing and Brand Choice: Implications for Market Structure

Purchase timing and brand-choice decisions of households are jointly investigated using the “dynamic McFadden” model of Heckman and Singer. The hazard of brand purchase is decomposed into the category purchase hazard and the probability of brand choice conditional on category purchase. The former is modeled using the hazard-function approach and the latter using a logit model. Unobserved heterogeneity in brand preferences, marketing effects, and baseline hazard parameters is accounted for in the empirical analysis. The distribution of preference heterogeneity identifies the locations of brands in multiattribute perceptual space and the distribution of attribute importance weights across households.     

Choice Behavior Under Time-Variant Quality

In past studies of consumer loyalty changes in brand attributes over time were generally unobservable and treated as additional model parameters. In this study we consider ski resorts, for which observable quality attributes change frequently. Using a repeated-purchase model with observed time-variant brand attributes, indicators for state dependence, and individual heterogeneity, we show that purchase history and time-variant site characteristics have a significant and offsetting effect on repurchase decisions. This suggests a third category of consumer along with habit formers and variety seekers, the “play-it-by-ear” type, who, unaffected by purchase history, moves across brands in pursuit of high quality.     

Mean squared error estimators of small area means using survey weights

Using survey weights, You & Rao [You and Rao, The Canadian Journal of Statistics 2002; 30, 431–439] proposed a pseudo‐empirical best linear unbiased prediction (pseudo‐EBLUP) estimator of a small area mean under a nested error linear regression model. This estimator borrows strength across areas through a linking model, and makes use of survey weights to ensure design consistency and preserve benchmarking property in the sense that the estimators add up to a reliable direct estimator of the mean of a large area covering the small areas. In this article, a second‐order approximation to the mean squared error (MSE) of the pseudo‐EBLUP estimator of a small area mean is derived. Using this approximation, an estimator of MSE that is nearly unbiased is derived; the MSE estimator of You & Rao [You and Rao, The Canadian Journal of Statistics 2002; 30, 431–439] ignored cross‐product terms in the MSE and hence it is biased. Empirical results on the performance of the proposed MSE estimator are also presented. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 598–608; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada     

A STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR TEAM GOLF COMPETITIONS WITH APPLICATIONS TO HANDICAPPING

This paper examines the current handicapping systems for team golf competitions. Ambrose, foursomes, Canadian foursomes and Pinehurst events are analysed. Statistical models are built to capture the stochastic features of these events, and to allow new handicapping systems to be developed. Some substantial discrepancies between the new and the old systems are noted.     

Functional measurement error in functional regression

Measurement error is an important problem that has not been studied very well in the context of functional data analysis. To the best of our knowledge, there are no existing methods that address the presence of functional measurement errors in generalized functional linear models. In this article, a novel approach is proposed to estimate the slope function in the presence of measurement error in the generalized functional linear model with a scalar response. This work significantly advances the existing conditional score method to accommodate the case where both the measurement error and independent variables lie in infinite dimensional spaces. Asymptotic results are established for the proposed estimate, and its behaviour is studied via simulations, where the response is continuous or binary. Analysis of Canadian Weather data highlights the practical utility of our method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 238–258; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada     

Testing for generalized linear mixed models with cluster correlated data under linear inequality constraints

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are often used for analyzing cluster correlated data, including longitudinal data and repeated measurements. Full unrestricted maximum likelihood (ML) approaches for inference on both fixed‐and random‐effects parameters in GLMMs have been extensively studied in the literature. However, parameter orderings or constraints may occur naturally in practice, and in such cases, the efficiency of a statistical method is improved by incorporating the parameter constraints into the ML estimation and hypothesis testing. In this paper, inference for GLMMs under linear inequality constraints is considered. The asymptotic properties of the constrained ML estimators and constrained likelihood ratio tests for GLMMs have been studied. Simulations investigated the empirical properties of the constrained ML estimators, compared to their unrestricted counterparts. An application to a recent survey on Canadian youth smoking patterns is also presented. As these survey data exhibit natural parameter orderings, a constrained GLMM has been considered for data analysis. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 243–258; 2012 © 2012 Crown in the right of Canada     

Rational Economic Data Revisions

The efficient handling of provisional economic time series data is considered. Procedures are justified in terms of a testable hypothesis regarding the nature of data revisions. The hypothesis leads to explicit and practical variance expressions for measurement errors. Testing and estimation issues are dealt with. An efficient dual filter is developed for recursive signal estimation. Techniques are applied to the Canadian index of production data.     

Variance estimation for two‐phase stratified sampling

The authors consider variance estimation for the generalized regression estimator in a two‐phase context when the first‐phase sample has been restratified using information gathered from the first‐phase sample. Simple computational expressions for variance estimation are provided for the double expansion estimator and the reweighted expansion estimator of Kott & Stukel (1997). These estimators are compared using data from the Canadian Retail Commodity Survey.     

On the Ghoudi,Khoudraji, and Rivest test for extreme‐value dependence

Ghoudi, Khoudraji & Rivest [The Canadian Journal of Statistics 1998;26:187–197] showed how to test whether the dependence structure of a pair of continuous random variables is characterized by an extreme‐value copula. The test is based on a U‐statistic whose finite‐ and large‐sample variance are determined by the present authors. They propose estimates of this variance which they compare to the jackknife estimate of Ghoudi, Khoudraji & Rivest ( 1998 ) through simulations. They study the finite‐sample and asymptotic power of the test under various alternatives. They illustrate their approach using financial and geological data. The Canadian Journal of Statistics © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

加拿大劳动力调查的主要内容和方法

加拿大统计局劳动力调查历史长达60多年,是一项月度住户抽样调查,提供了加拿大劳动力市场详尽的信息。本文主要介绍了加拿大劳动力调查的调查目的、调查方法、调查内容和调查估计等,为完善我国劳动力调查制度和方法提供参考。     

A Nonparametric Test for Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity: A Markov-Chain Approach

In this article we propose a nonparametric test for autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity based on finite-state Markov chains. A simple Monte Carlo experiment suggests that in finite samples it performs comparably to the Lagrange multiplier test under conditional normality and is superior for the t, lognormal, and exponential distributions. As an illustration, we apply both tests to Canadian/U.S. forward foreign exchange data.