第二十六讲 统计执法检查

统计执法检查是指统计行政机关，依照法定的权限、程序和方式，对公民、法人和其他组织贯彻执行统计法律法规和统计制度的情况进行监督检查，以及对统计违法行为进行查处等活动的总称。统计执法检查是使统计法律法规得以实现的重要保证，是实现依法统计、确保统计数据质量的重要手段。     

统计执法检查为依法统计保驾护航

统计执法检查，是指统计行政机关或法律授权的其他政府行政主管部门，依照法定的权限、程序和方式，对公民、法人和其他组织在统计活动中贯彻执行统计法律法规和统计制度的情况进行监督检查，以及对统计违法行为进行查处等各种活动的总称。统计执法检查对于大力宣传统计法，保障依法统计、提高统计数字质量、提高统计工作水平，有着十分重要的意义，也使统计工作的社会认知度，公信力得到了提升，潜移默化的改变着社会对统计工作的一些偏见，使更多的人开始理解统计工作。     

统计行政自由裁量权控制关口前移是加强控制体系建设的需要

统计行政自由裁量权是行政自由裁量权的重要组成部分，从不同角度出发，可以将统计行政自由裁量权作出如下分类：一是对事实的条件、性质和情节等进行认定：二是对具体行政行为的方式、方法、幅度、范围和时限等作出选择；三是对抽象行政行为作出决定。行政自由裁量权的存在既有其合理的一面，也有被滥用的可能性，因此有必要对其进行控制。对于统计行政自由裁量权的控制从目前手段来看，     

提升余姚市统计行政能力探索

提升统计行政能力,保持业务和行政平衡、协调发展是当前统计系统当务之急。目前,统计队伍结构不合理、思想上对统计行政能力认识不够等因素,影响了统计行政能力的提升。余姚市统计局在提升统计行政能力方面做了许多有益的探索,并取得了经验和成绩,但也存在许多空白点,需要不断的改进、创新。     

浅谈统计与行政记录

在现有的统计文献中，关于统计与行政记录的关系只有简单提及，没有给行政记录下一个准确的定义。我们认为，行政记录就是指官方在行使行政职权过程中对事物及其变化所作的文字描述、记载。行政记录一般以文字形式记载，其中也包含对事物数据现象的描述，民间的记载只有得到官方认可后才可转变为行政记录。各地方的地方志中对 描述是当地行政记录的最典型形式。在没有统计行政的时代，行政记录是对社会经济现象进行数量描述的最主要形式。     

在统计监督检查中对行政相对人的权利保护

正统计行政监督检查是各级统计行政机关依照法定的权限、程序和方式,对公民、法人和其他组织贯彻执行统计法规和统计制度的情况进行监察、督促和检查,以及对统计违法行为的查处等各种活动的总称。统计监督检查的对象,即统计调查对象,是极为广泛的,在行政执法过程中,所涉及的相对人的权利是各种各样的。在监督检查过程中,各级统计部门作为执法者应当注意保护行政相对人的各项权利,不得以任何理由和手段规避法律,而损害相对人的合法权益。一、统计监督检查中行政相对人的含义行政相对人,是指行政管理法律     

浅谈统计与行政记录

本文对统计行政记录和统计的要领进行辩析 ,分析其异同 ,为正确发挥统计行政记录的作用提供了理论基础。     

加强和规范部门统计工作的几点建议

正我国的统计是由政府综合统计和政府部门统计组成,共同构成政府统计工作的有机整体,是政府统计的两大支柱,是进行科学管理和宏观决策的一项重要基础工作。部门统计是政府制定方针政策和进行行政管理的重要信息来源,承担着配合政府统计机构完成经常性的各项调查任务,为统计部门提供相关领域及相关行业的统计数据和统计信息,为社会提供大量详实的统计数据,为各级党委和政府提供科学的决策参考依据,在国家宏观管理中有着不可代替的作     

行政记录和政府统计的多视角研究

在社会经济统计中,行政记录的重要性日益被统计部门重视,其开发使用也成为学术研究热点。通过研究现有文献,本文系统综述了行政记录和政府统计之间的渊源、行政记录的优点、使用行政记录应注意的问题、行政记录在国内外政府统计中的使用实践和趋势以及使用行政记录改善政府统计的方向.     

关于统计年报制度中行政,事业（单位）个数统计方法的探讨

现行的我国统计年报制度，基本上是延用1993年国家统计局制定的（7＋1）一套表制度，虽然几年来不断补充完善，在实际运用中仍有不尽人意之处。现就行政事业单位的个数统计方法问题作如下探索。在1993年行政、事业单位统计报表制度中，行政、事业（单位）基本情况表填表说明规定：“反映具有法人资格的独立核算单位的基本属性，由独立核算单位填报。”这条规定明确定了行政、事业（单位）填报的范围和不填报单位的界限。在基层单位是严格按照填报说明执行的。但是在实践中，我们认为这一说明并不适当。因为具有法人资格的行政事业单位，并不…     

统计概念解析

本文从分析统计的本质属性出发,根据统计广泛性特点,归纳广义统计和狭义统计的概念,建立“统计概念总系”,力求能够包罗统计万象,体现统计全貌,使统计这一事物有一个总纲纪,为人们全面认识统计提供了一个新的视角。文中重点对政府统计纵向构成进行了分析和解读,解开人们在传统认识上的挽扣儿,这是正确理解政府统计构成的关键认识点,由此方能建立起统计概念体系。     

The Teacher's Corner: An Interactive Computer Quizzing System to Support the Proctorial System of Instruction

Although the importance of statistics in many phases of university activities is well-known, many universities have not given serious thought to the optimum organizational structure for statistics. This article addresses this problem in two parts: 1. Principles and/or goals of optimum administrative structures for statistics, and 2. Discussion of the most popular organizational structures now in existence together with comments on the advantages and disadvantages of each. The article concludes that a central statistics unit (department) appears the most optimal structure, although it is not without certain disadvantages and/or dangers.     

数据大集中环境下的统计生产流程再造

随着中国经济结构的不断调整和经济现象的日益复杂化,现有政府统计面临极大的挑战。基于此,以制度领域、技术领域和管理领域的数据大集中为核心架构,构建一种新型的政府统计数据大集中环境,并依托该环境对中国政府统计生产流程进行再造。     

Goals for Statistical Uses of Administrative Records: The Next 10 Years

United States statistical agencies use data from administrative record systems to develop program statistics, to establish statistical data bases, and to enhance and evaluate census and survey data. Such uses of administrative records are likely to increase as efforts to control costs and respondent burden of statistical programs continue. This review article proposes six goals for enhanced statistical uses of administrative records in the next 10 years and describes elements of an activist strategy to achieve them. The discussants, representing three agencies that make important statistical uses of administrative records, give their reactions to the proposed goals and strategy.     

Tests for noncorrelation of two multivariate ARMA time series

In many situations, we want to verify the existence of a relationship between multivariate time series. In this paper, we generalize the procedure developed by Haugh (1976) for univariate time series in order to test the hypothesis of noncorrelation between two multivariate stationary ARMA series. The test statistics are based on residual cross-correlation matrices. Under the null hypothesis of noncorrelation, we show that an arbitrary vector of residual cross-correlations asymptotically follows the same distribution as the corresponding vector of cross-correlations between the two innovation series. From this result, it follows that the test statistics considered are asymptotically distributed as chi-square random variables. Two test procedures are described. The first one is based on the residual cross-correlation matrix at a particular lag, whilst the second one is based on a portmanteau type statistic that generalizes Haugh's statistic. We also discuss how the procedures for testing noncorrelation can be adapted to determine the directions of causality in the sense of Granger (1969) between the two series. An advantage of the proposed procedures is that their application does not require the estimation of a global model for the two series. The finite-sample properties of the statistics introduced were studied by simulation under the null hypothesis. It led to modified statistics whose upper quantiles are much better approximated by those of the corresponding chi-square distribution. Finally, the procedures developed are applied to two different sets of economic data.     

中国国库统计改革

国库统计是政府对国民经济进行宏观管理，特别是制定相互协调的财政政策和货币金融政策的基本依据。近年来，随着人民银行体制与财政体制改革的深化，国库改革问题开始受到学术界与实际部门的重视，国库统计改革也相应被关注。而对中国国库统计问题的思考，必须置于转轨经济制度变革的背景下进行。从这个意义上讲，厘清国库统计制度的变迁，准确把握所面临的新的挑战，冷静审视国库统计的地位，并进一步明确国库统计改革的基本取向就显得非常迫切而且十分重要。     

Outliers and order statistics

Outliers are to be found among the extremes of a data set. Extremes are examples of order statistics. It is thus relevant to ask to what extent the statistical methods (and probabilistic properties) of outliers and of order statistics coincide and depend on each other. Whilst clear overlap is identifiable, aims and procedures are often quite distinct and each topic plays its own important role in the panoply of statistical principles and methodology.     

Nonparametric multiple comparison procedures for unbalanced one-way factorial designs

In this paper, we present several nonparametric multiple comparison (MC) procedures for unbalanced one-way factorial designs. The nonparametric hypotheses are formulated by using normalized distribution functions and the comparisons are carried out on the basis of the relative treatment effects. The proposed test statistics take the form of linear pseudo rank statistics and the asymptotic joint distribution of the pseudo rank statistics for testing treatments versus control satisfies the multivariate totally positive of order two condition irrespective of the correlations among the rank statistics. Therefore, in the context of MCs of treatments versus control, the nonparametric Simes test is validated for the global testing of the intersection hypothesis. For simultaneous testing of individual hypotheses, the nonparametric Hochberg stepup procedure strongly controls the familywise type I error rate asymptotically. With regard to all pairwise comparisons, we generalize various single-step and stagewise procedures to perform comparisons on the relative treatment effects. To further compare with normal theory counterparts, the asymptotic relative efficiencies of the nonparametric MC procedures with respect to the parametric MC procedures are derived under a sequence of Pitman alternatives in a nonparametric location shift model for unbalanced one-way layouts. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to demonstrate the validity and power of the proposed nonparametric MC procedures.     

Sampling from compositional and directional distributions

This paper describes a method for sampling from a non-standard distribution which is important in both population genetics and directional statistics. Current approaches rely on complicated procedures which do not work well, if at all, in high dimensions and usual parameter set-ups. We use a Gibbs sampler which seems necessary in practical situations of high dimensions.