“看花”不易 “做花”更难——读茅盾的《少年印刷工》

(一) 一九三五年二月一日出版的《文学》四卷二期上,发表了著名理论批评家茅盾(署名“江”)的儿童文学论文《关于“儿童文学”》。一年之后,他的中篇儿童小说《少年印刷工》在叶圣陶等编辑的儿童文学刊物《新少年》创刊号上开始连载。如果说《关于“儿童文学”》是茅盾的儿童文学观和对“五四”以来儿童文学发展历史的纲领性的论文,那么《少年印刷工》则是他的儿童文学观在创作方面的具体实践。两者出现在这个时候是有深刻的时代历史原因的。一九三五年顷,中国儿童文学正经历着从沿袭古代、照抄外国阶段向全面创新的阶段过渡。有一大堆积存的问题急需解决,创新的路子又亟待摸索。恰在这时,表面来看儿童的需要似乎引起了当局的关注。不是吗?一九三三年十月,经上海市儿童幸福委员会呈     

中国儿童文学“性别地理”的生产与表征

理解儿童文学“元概念”是探究其性别地理议题的原点。“性别地理”是一个融合着“空间”“时间”与“身体”的社会学概念,三者的融合有效介入其贴合“儿童”内核的主体建构,以此超越儿童文学作为“亚文学”的套话认定,并在与儿童文学、成人文学的区隔中开启指向儿童性别地理的现代之旅。秉持“一体化”与“主体性”的辩证观,儿童文学性别地理议题参与了百年中国文学思想与语言现代化进程,并刷新了其内在结构与文学形象。     

中日现代儿童文学发展进程比较

当在儿童文学前面冠以限定词“现代”的时候,“现代儿童文学”使具有两层涵义：(一)一种与传统的儿童文学有质的差别的崭新文体;(二)一种与古代、近代有根本差异的特定历史时期的文学样式。这两层涵义既有区别又密不可分。...     

小学语文儿童文学作品教学探究

目前,我国的教育在不断改革完善,随着新课改的深入开展,儿童文学已经大量走进入小学语文教材,成为语文课堂培养学生阅读能力的重要阵地。儿童文学是针对少年儿童而创立的文学形式,为儿童提供阅读欣赏的文学作品。儿童文学的主要特征是启蒙性、趣味性、教育性,儿童文学最本质的特性就是趣味性。它的种类繁多,有童话故事、神话故事、寓言故事、儿童歌谣等,它对于小学生学习文字、积累词句、增强语感等起到不可估量的作用,因此我们要重视对小学生进行儿童文学学习的引导,强化儿童文学教学,提高小学生阅读与写作能力,促进他们正确人生观和价值观的形成。     

在阳光下品梦——王宜振儿童诗集《夏天里的苹果梦》评析

中国作家协会儿童文学委员会委员,中国作协会员,中国西部儿童文学研究中心副主任,《快乐文学》主编王宜振先生是中国当代儿童文学作家队伍中最有代表性的诗人。几十年来,在儿童文学的沃     

《儿童世界》与现代时期儿童的文学创作

由郑振铎担任主编、商务印书馆出版发行的儿童周刊《儿童世界》,作为现代中国第一本白话文儿童文学期刊,对于中国现代儿童文学创作的形成与发展起着积极的推动作用。杂志在创办初期,不仅吸引了文学研究会旗下著名作家给其供稿,儿童的文学创作也作为杂志的一个主要栏目得到积极的展示,在重视创作主体的新颖性的同时,也为成人的儿童文学创作提供了必要而真实的儿童经验。对郑振铎担任主编时期,《儿童世界》儿童创作的形成原因、方法的兴起以及作品本身的艺术特征做了详细的梳理与分析。     

论儿童文学的特征

儿童文学的基本特征是什么?怎样理解它的独立存在的客观根据?这是儿童文学研究工作中的一个基本问题。儿童文学是结合少年儿童特点为他们创作的特殊文学种类。它的特点,一般地说,就是儿童的年龄特点和教育要求在文学上的反映。具体地说,儿童文学具有适应少年儿     

看人物

特级教师、北京陈经纶中学语文教师冯淑娟（左）与儿童文学作家谭旭东（中）及北京陈经纶中学副校长胡砚女士（右）探讨如何加强青少年文学素养     

前电子媒介时代和电子媒介时代儿童文学的碰撞——评谭旭东《童年再现和儿童文学的重构》

中国儿童文学理论建设自20世纪80年代被外国的文学理论激活后,一直处于自我封闭的状态,缺少与各国的交流;而在本土儿童文学的建设也不完善的情况下,对于儿童文学理论的阐述更是雪上加霜,可见中国儿童文学建设还处于一个薄弱的阶段。     

儿童文学的教育价值

儿童文学是文学的一个分支,儿童文学作品是儿童文学作家创作的适合儿童赏析的作品.通过孩子们解读文学作品,感悟到好的文学作品可以陶冶孩子的性情,对社会有一个积极的认知态度,会让孩子有一颗同情弱者的同情心,有一颗善良之心,更能准确使孩子们形成一定的社会道德感,会有一个积极的社会心态.另一面良好的儿童文学作品会在培养儿童文学兴趣方面、语言发展方面,想象力和创造里方面有一定的影响作用.孩子们再童话中感受哲理,在童诗中感受其内涵,感受其意境,带给孩子一种美.     

Depictions of Public Service in Children's Literature: Revisiting an Understudied Aspect of Political Socialization

Objective . Scholars who have investigated depictions of public service in children's literature have come to a mix of conclusions regarding the portrayal of public figures in children's literature. We revisit these studies, attempting to answer the question of how public servants are portrayed in children's literature. Methods . We perform content analysis of 93 books and examine 868 characters for benevolence and competence. Results . We find that public servants are portrayed as no more incompetent or malevolent than other adults in children's literature. On a few dimensions, we find just the opposite. Furthermore, we find that women in general are portrayed as more benevolent than men, although the same patterns are not found between sexes when examining only those in the public service. Conclusions . If children are developing negative stereotypes of government officials and institutions, these stereotypes do not appear to be formed through their reading of children's literature.     

周作人的儿童文学研究

周作人借鉴西方资源 ,确立了在尊重人性基础上的现代儿童观 ,并倾力于儿童文学与儿童生活关系的探讨。他早在 1 91 4年写的《童话略论》和《儿歌之研究》,对童话和儿歌分别作了全面而不失深刻的研究 ,具有导夫先路之功。并且 ,遵循其学术研究与思想启蒙同时并举的一贯做法 ,周作人又对当时儿童文学界的许多错误倾向 ,予以持续不懈的批判     

Social capital and children's wellbeing: a critical synthesis of the international social capital literature

Drawing on social capital literature from the international realm, this article presents a critical synthesis of this social resource in relation to children's and youth's wellbeing. Although considerable evidence indicates that social capital can have a positive impact on future outcomes for children and youth, no prior comprehensive review exists of the literature on social capital and children's wellbeing. Adopting the systematic review method (SR), the author explores how social capital has been conceptualised and operationalised as an explanatory variable in research on individual and collective wellbeing with children and youth. Oft-cited indicators of family social capital and community social capital are identified, together with common control variables, such as human and financial capital. The author concludes by examining several social capital trends in relation to children's wellbeing and offering recommendations for future research using a social capital theoretical framework to explore additional outcomes related to children's and youth's wellbeing.     

The role of manager in children's homes: the process of managing and leading a well-functioning staff team

This paper is based on qualitative findings from a mixed methods project which investigated the roles of managers of children's homes and the relationship of these to their use of resources and the outcomes for young people in their care. The research formed part of the Costs and Effectiveness of Services to Children in Need research initiative, originally funded by the Department of Health. Main findings from the project overall and in particular from the multi-level modelling analysis indicated that the influence which the process of providing care has on the kind of outcomes experienced by young people is of paramount importance. This paper provides a brief overview of the project and its aims. Drawing on the qualitative strand of the project and overall project findings, the paper investigates three aspects of managing children's homes: establishing working relationships with staff teams, the role of managers and bringing about working with the young people in their care. It situates the role of manager within the wider context of literature on leadership and investigates what leadership in children's homes entails. Finally, the paper highlights the importance of the role of manager in relationship to the development of good practice in children's homes.     

National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, London, UK

The present article explores the complexity of children's experiences of domestic violence. It addresses the various terms used to describe this form of violence and provides a working definition. Reviewing the literature suggests prevalence rates of domestic violence between 25 and 60%. The difficulties in achieving prevalence and incidence rates are outlined. Where children's experiences of domestic violence have been addressed, attention has focused on either children witnessing the abuse of their mother or children directly being abused. Six main ways in which children may witness domestic violence are presented and the relationship between domestic violence and child abuse is examined briefly. An overview of the impact of domestic violence on children incorporates a discussion of the intergenerational transmission of violence theory. Some of the multiple factors which may inhibit children from talking about domestic violence are raised, indicating how complex this issue is for children. Finally, the need to recognize the diversity of children's experiences of and reactions to this form of violence is identified.     

Parenting by men who abuse women: issues and dilemmas

Summary Enabling children of abused women to maintain a positive relationshipwith the perpetrator is extremely complex in the light of thepotential danger for women and children and the conflictingneeds, interests and rights of different family members. Nevertheless,we can no longer ignore the role of abusive men as fathers.Holding such men accountable for their children's well-beingmay, under certain conditions, contribute to the healthier emotionaldevelopment of their children. This article critically discussesthis controversial issue by examining available literature on(a) children's perceptions of their violent fathers, (b) abusivemen as parents, qualifications for abusive men's access to theirchildren, and (d) intervention with children of abusive menand their fathers.     

Low-Income Parents and the Public Schools

This article addresses the responses likely to be received by low-income parents from teachers and staff in their children's public schools in the United States. A review of the relevant literature reveals that teachers and school administrators tend to subscribe to the dominant beliefs that low-income parents do not care about their children's schooling, are not competent to help with homework, do not encourage achievement, and do not place a high value on education. This article presents examples of such middle-class bias in the words and actions of individual teachers, and research findings that tend to contradict these stereotypes. The barriers that exist for low-income parents in interacting with the schools are discussed, and suggestions are offered for ways in which schools can recognize and respect the standpoint and potential contributions of these parents.     

女性性别角色的双性化及其对家庭关系的影响

性别角色的双性化越来越受到社会的认同,尤其是女性性别角色的双性化被认为是社会的理想性别角色。女性的双性化有着生物学和社会学的根源,并对社会产生深刻的影响,尤其会对家庭关系产生影响,如对夫妻关系、家庭教育中母亲与孩子的关系及婆媳关系等产生重要影响。     

扶上马再送一程:父母的帮助及其对子女赡养行为的影响

以往关于中国家庭代际关系的研究往往侧重于分析子女对父母的赡养,而很少讨论父母对成年子女的帮助,以及这种帮助对传统赡养关系的影响。本文在分析“中国老年社会追踪调查”在2012年的试调查数据后发现,现在中国父母正在从经济和小孩照料等方面向他们的成年子女提供各种形式的帮助,而且父母的帮助（特别是小孩照料）对是否能够得到子女赡养和赡养的水平均有显著影响。分城乡的比较研究发现,父母的帮助对子女赡养行为的影响在城市表现得更加明显,这在一定程度上说明,随着社会现代化程度的提高,中国家庭养老赖以维持的基础已经发生了改变。