农民1毛1斤没人要,市民1块1斤买不来

农民的白菜一毛钱一斤没人要,市场的白菜卖价却超过一块钱一斤。连日来,黑龙江、河北、河南等多地蔬菜滞销,而与之形成巨大反差的是,市民“菜篮子”菜价居高难下。一方面是“菜贱伤农”,另一方面是“菜贵民忧”,怪圈频现的背后,是小农户与大市场的不适应,以及政府“有形手”和市场“无形手”调控的错位。     

Who Chooses Which Private Education? Theory and International Evidence

Private school students do not always perform better in standardized tests. We suggest that this may be explained by choice of private schooling by less capable students in countries where government schools are better suited to talented students. To assess the empirical relevance of this mechanism, we exploit cross‐country variation in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 survey of differences between private and state school regarding organizational features that are differently suitable for students with different learning ability. We seek and find evidence of this mechanism's empirical relevance in controlled regressions that treat within‐country variation of PISA scores as an indicator of unobserved ability to learn.     

阅读1:法治,如何理解?

法律、法治、依法治国这样一些概念已经成为人们口中常说的词语,这既标志着人们心中的期待,也标志着越来越多的人们的努力方向。但是,当人们进一步思索和讨论这些概念的意味及其现实的处境时,却很自然地赋予这些概念以不同的含义,其合理之处在于每个在社会中的人具有不同的地位、立场和利益,但问题却在于使得脚下的道路走得艰难起来,我们仍然需要思索的是,法律、法治对于我们意味 着什么,依法治国何以在现实中存在。所以,我们在这里来讨论这些问题,来分析法治的思想渊源,讨论法律与官员的关系,理解依法治国的动力,理解我们这样的社会结构所能够培养出来的民主与法治的精神。我们并不希求人们都这样来思维,我们只是希望人们能够理解,我们所认为美好的东西究竟对于每一个人来说有多么的美好,而要实现它又要付出多大的代价。     

缺失数据下ARMA(1, 1)模型的估计方法

近几十年以来,国际上在对"风险的处理和效益的优化"这两个现代金融学的中心议题的分析和处理过程中,金融时间序列的计量学模型及其相应的分析越来越起到非常重要的作用.对于线性时间序列模型如AR(p),MA(q),ARMA(p,q)等,已经为我们所熟知.具体到模型的参数估计在数据没有缺失时,也有很多经典的办法,如最小二乘法、极大似然法等.但是当数据在中间有缺失时,上述方法将无能为力.本文将详细讨论在数据有缺失时的ARMA(1,1)模型,即Zt=αZ_t-1+ε_t-βε_t-1的参数的估计方法.     

Modelling to Learn — A Case Study in International Minerals Investment

This paper presents the system dynamics modelling methodology as a means of capturing the nature of complex systems. A case study is used to expose the fine points of the methodology. The theoretical underpinning for this case study is based on a highly detailed simulation model designed to examine the factors impacting the flow of international minerals investment funds. Emphasis here is on the usefulness of the modelling methodology as an aid to decision-making, the reader is referred elsewhere for a discussion of model development.     

Twice as Smart? The Importance of Managers’ Formative‐Years’ International Experience for their International Orientation and Foreign Acquisition Decisions

This study examined how top management team's (TMT) international orientation influences perceptions of environmental uncertainty and how these perceptions impact international strategic decisions, in particular regarding ownership stakes taken in foreign acquisitions. We highlighted the need for the concept of TMT international orientation to encompass executives’ formative‐years’ international experiences along with their international career experiences and nationalities. Empirical tests based on a sample of 2122 international acquisitions completed by 561 UK firms over the period 1999–2008 showed that TMT international orientation positively moderated the negative impact of cultural differences and host country risk on acquisition ownership stakes. The results underscored the importance of considering decision‐makers’ attributes due to their experiences at a young age, beyond their demographic characteristics or professional experience, in the context of international strategic choices. We also discussed some implications of one of the possible consequences of executives’ formative international experience, namely biculturalism, for international business.     

International coopetition for innovation: Are the benefits worth the challenges?

International coopetition has rarely been studied in relation to innovation. Further exploration of effects of international coopetition, i.e. the pursuit of simultaneous cooperation and competition, on a firm’s innovation performance is especially important as such a relationship is challenging with a high propensity to fail. This observation formed the point of departure for this study, which aims to increase the understanding of the effects of international coopetition on firm innovativeness and how these effects are conditioned on the magnitude of the organizational adjustments a firm introduces. We use an unbalanced panel of 9839 firms that participated in four waves of the Swedish Community Innovation Survey between 2008 and 2014 as our empirical base. We illustrate that firms that cooperate with competitors internationally are more likely to exhibit higher propensity to introduce radical innovations, yet this effect is conditioned upon the magnitude of organizational adjustments. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of the implications of international coopetition and what a firm needs to benefit from it.     

Does International Economic Integration Lead to a Cleaner Production in China?

In contrast to the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, the Trade‐Up Hypothesis holds that international integration helps improve firms' environmental performance in developing countries. Using firm‐level data from Shanghai, this article examines how international linkages, in the form of foreign direct investment or international trade, affect firms' environmental compliance and performance. We find that firms with international linkage via ownership exhibit better compliance with environmental regulation and emit less pollution than firms with no international linkage. We also find that firms with international linkage via market exposure are more likely to exhibit better compliance with environmental regulation than firms with no international linkage, but find no evidence that the former emit less pollution than the latter. This provides a piece of empirical evidence for the Trade‐Up Hypothesis.     

International market selection strategies selected by ‘micro’ and ‘small’ firms

Policy-makers and practitioners are seeking to promote the development of established firms. This paper suggests they may need to target customized export programmes to the specific situational demands of established ‘micro’ and ‘small’ firms. The following broad research question is explored: are there differences between ‘micro’ and ‘small’ firms with regard to the decision to sell goods or services abroad? In 1990/91, survey responses were gathered from 621 independent businesses located in Great Britain. In 1997, a follow-on telephone survey was conducted with 150 surviving firms. This survey gathered information on the propensity to export goods or services abroad and the mode of export behaviour reported by established ‘micro’ as well as ‘small’ firms. The performance of exporting and non-exporting firms was also compared. Implications for policy-makers, practitioners and researchers are highlighted.     

International collaborative ventures between higher education institutions: a British–Russian case study

The starting point for our research is a model of developmental space designed by Coenders. Developmental space in this model is a social space arising from interaction between people. Coenders states that this developmental space is conditional for the probability of success for groups working on innovation. This model is relevant and useful because it is increasingly common for groups in organizations to work on innovation. Human Resource Development (HRD) professionals, involved in organizational development, often facilitate these groups as a process consultant. The model of Coenders is not complete yet, and for analysing and influencing the developmental space, the model is too complex. In a developmental research, we refine and adjust the model of the developmental space. The goal of our study is to develop a model of the developmental space as a starting point for groups and HRD professionals to analyse and influence that space.     

基于新型核与灰度序列的MGM(1,m,N)模型及其应用

雾霾是空气质量重要评判标准之一，对其进行准确预测能为相关政府部门及时做出正确决策提供理论支持，因此预测雾霾具有实际意义。本文针对区间灰数分布信息已知的序列，构建多个影响因素作用于多个系统行为变量的灰色MGM(1,m,N)模型。首先根据可能度函数计算得到区间灰数的新型核与灰度序列，然后对新型核与灰度序列分别建立MGM(1,m,N)模型以求得模拟值和预测值，最后通过还原得到区间灰数序列的上、下界。为进一步验证该模型的可行性，本文将该模型应用于雾霾相关数据并与基于传统核与灰度序列的MGM(1,m,N)模型进行比较，结果表明本文构建的新模型的模拟预测精度都较传统模型更好。