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Joanne Lloyd Helen Doll Keith Hawton William H. Dutton John R. Geddes Guy M. Goodwin Robert D. Rogers 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(3):387-399
In order to learn about the behaviours and health experiences of people who gamble on the Internet, we conducted an international
online survey with respondents recruited via gambling and gambling-related websites. The mean (SD) age of the 4,125 respondents
completing the survey was 35.5 (11.8) years, with 79.1% being male and 68.8% UK residents. Respondents provided demographic
details and completed validated psychometric screening instruments for problem gambling, mood disturbances, as well as alcohol
and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm. We applied latent class analysis to respondents’ patterns of regular
online gambling activities, and identified subgroups of individuals who used the Internet to gamble in different ways (L
2 = 44.27, bootstrap P = 0.07). We termed the characteristic profiles as ‘non-to-minimal gamblers’; ‘sports bettors’; ‘casino & sports gamblers’;
‘lottery players’; and ‘multi-activity gamblers’. Furthermore, these subgroups of respondents differed on other demographic
and psychological dimensions, with significant inter-cluster differences in proportion of individuals scoring above threshold
for problem gambling, mood disorders and substance misuse, and history of deliberate self harm (all Χ
2s > 23.4, all P-values <0.001). The ‘casino & sports’ and ‘multi-activity-gamblers’ clusters had the highest prevalence of mental disorder.
Internet gamblers appear to be heterogeneous but composed of several subgroups, differing markedly on both demographic and
clinical characteristics. 相似文献
3.
Shoemaker S Zemke DM 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(4):379-410
One of the newest customer segments to be identified by casino marketers is the “locals” market, or local resident gambler
market. This study addresses the relative lack of empirical data on the “locals” market segment. The purposes of the study
are to identify important reasons for visiting a particular casino; to identify which casinos respondents visit most often
and why; to gain an understanding of such behavioral variables as gambling budget, time spent gambling, and favorite game;
and to determine perceptions of different casinos in the Las Vegas area. The results may not generalize across all casino
markets but they do provide insight into gamblers’ activities and behavior patterns. A telephone survey administered to residents
of the Las Vegas metropolitan area yielded a sample of 637 participants who gamble for a least 15 minutes once every 2 months
in a legalized gambling establishment. A customer satisfaction index based on casino performance on importance variables is
presented. 相似文献
4.
Nerilee Hing John Haw 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(4):569-581
The aim of the current study was to develop a scale of gambling accessibility that would have theoretical significance to
exposure theory and also serve to highlight the accessibility risk factors for problem gambling. Scale items were generated
from the Productivity Commission’s (Australia’s Gambling Industries: Report No. 10. AusInfo, Canberra, 1999) recommendations and tested on a group with high exposure to the gambling environment. In total, 533 gaming venue employees
(aged 18–70 years; 67% women) completed a questionnaire that included six 13-item scales measuring accessibility across a
range of gambling forms (gaming machines, keno, casino table games, lotteries, horse and dog racing, sports betting). Also
included in the questionnaire was the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) along with measures of gambling frequency and
expenditure. Principal components analysis indicated that a common three factor structure existed across all forms of gambling
and these were labelled social accessibility, physical accessibility and cognitive accessibility. However, convergent validity
was not demonstrated with inconsistent correlations between each subscale and measures of gambling behaviour. These results
are discussed in light of exposure theory and the further development of a multi-dimensional measure of gambling accessibility. 相似文献
5.
Phyllis B. Grodsky Leonard S. Kogan 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1985,1(1):51-58
Representatives from 40 New York City social agencies were interviewed in order to determine the extent to which gambling is a problem among their clients. The findings indicate that (a) agency personnel rarely ask clients about gambling behavior either on intake or with continued agency contact; (b) rarely do clients spontaneously mention gambling as a problem; (c) problem gambling is usually brought to the attention of the agency by the wives of problem gamblers; and (d) gambling is a hidden family problem associated with marital discord and financial disarray. In order to have a better understanding of problem gambling and its vicissitudes it is recommended that agency personnel keep statistics on gambling and gambling related problems.This paper was revised after the untimely death of Leonard S. Kogan, Professor of Psychology and Director of the Center for Social Research, The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York. 相似文献
6.
Jeffrey J. Sallaz 《Theory and Society》2006,35(3):265-297
The past two decades have seen a global convergence from gambling prohibition to legalization, but also a divergence regarding how new gambling industries are structured and regulated. This article compares two cases of casino legalization exhibiting different and, given conventional understandings of the two countries, unexpected outcomes. In the United States, ethnic entrepreneurs (Indian tribes) were granted a monopoly on casinos in California; in South Africa, the new ANC government legalized a competitive, corporate casino industry. Through explaining these disparate industry structurings, two arguments are advanced. First, Bourdieu's field theory best describes the interests and strategies of industry “players” as they attempted to shape policy. Second, Bourdieu neglects the independent role of institutions in mediating between field-level dynamics and concrete regulatory outcomes. In California, Tribes converted economic into political capital through a public election. In South Africa, the ANC used a centralized commission to implement corporate gambling over public opposition, in essence converting political into economic capital. By viewing policy domains as “dramaturgical prisms” whose sign–production tools and audiences facilitate certain but not other capital conversion projects, I both explain unexpected regulatory outcomes and synthesize field and political process theories.
Jeffrey J. Sallaz received his Ph.D. from the University of California-Berkeley and is currently Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Arizona. In addition to examining the struggles surrounding gambling legalization, he has studied ethnographically the experience of service work in the global casino industry and the politics of deindustrialization in the US rust belt. He is currently conducting research for a project analyzing the uneven diffusion of Pierre Bourdieu’s ideas into the field of American sociology over the past three decades. 相似文献
7.
Theodore J. Noseworthy Karen Finlay 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):331-342
This research examined the effects of a casino’s auditory character on estimates of elapsed time while gambling. More specifically,
this study varied whether the sound heard while gambling was ambient casino sound alone or ambient casino sound accompanied
by music. The tempo and volume of both the music and ambient sound were varied to manipulate temporal engagement and introspection.
One hundred and sixty (males = 91) individuals played slot machines in groups of 5–8, after which they provided estimates
of elapsed time. The findings showed that the typical ambient casino auditive environment, which characterizes the majority
of gaming venues, promotes understated estimates of elapsed duration of play. In contrast, when music is introduced into the
ambient casino environment, it appears to provide a cue of interval from which players can more accurately reconstruct elapsed
duration of play. This is particularly the case when the tempo of the music is slow and the volume is high. Moreover, the
confidence with which time estimates are held (as reflected by latency of response) is higher in an auditive environment with
music than in an environment that is comprised of ambient casino sounds alone. Implications for casino management are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Lam D 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(3):305-320
Gambling is now a popular legal activity among people around the world. Despite numerous studies on individuals’ gambling behavior, few researchers examine the influence of religiosity on gambling participation. This study investigated the effect of religiosity, measured in terms of frequency of religious participation and importance of faith, on gambling participation across four different types of games: casino, track, lottery, and bingo. Using data collected by the National Gambling Impact Study Commission in 1999, the study found that there was indeed a significant difference in the frequency of religious participation between gamblers and non-gamblers. Moreover, it seemed like the more types of games one played, the lower was their frequency of religious participation. The importance of faith, however, did not seem to have a significant impact on gambling participation. The implications of these findings to businesses and public policy makers were discussed. 相似文献
9.
Hsi-sheng Wei Li-hsin Chen Hsiu-chih Su James Herbert Williams 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2010,27(3):213-229
The present study examines the outputs and qualities of the thirteen teen pregnancy service hotlines in Taiwan that were funded
by the Children’s Bureau in 2004 and 2005. The evaluation was made through agency visits, focus groups, document reviews,
call-in tests and the use of a management information system. The results show that the average number of calls was low, and
one agency did not receive any calls during the time period examined. The quality of services varied, and the advice provided
by the hotline staff was influenced by the value orientation of the agencies. Most callers were adult women, and the major
services they received were information and emotional support. The service characteristics were heavily affected by the goals
and routine tasks of the agencies as certain agencies applied their existing services to the program without assessing their
fitness to the needs of the potential clients. Suggestions for service improvement are provided, including an islandwide hotline
to be set up and operated by a single agency with high accountability. Implications for program monitoring and documentation,
staff training and knowledge-sharing, and service advertisement and promotion are also discussed. 相似文献
10.
Timothy W. Fong Michael D. Campos Mary-Lynn Brecht Alice Davis Adrienne Marco Viviane Pecanha Richard J. Rosenthal 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(1):35-47
Relatively few studies have examined gambling problems among individuals in a casino setting. The current study sought to
examine the prevalence of gambling problems among a sample of casino patrons and examine alcohol and tobacco use, health status,
and quality of life by gambling problem status. To these ends, 176 casino patrons were recruited by going to a Southern California
casino and requesting that they complete an anonymous survey. Results indicated the following lifetime rates for at-risk,
problem, and pathological gambling: 29.2, 10.7, and 29.8%. Differences were found with regards to gambling behavior, and results
indicated higher rates of smoking among individuals with gambling problems, but not higher rates of alcohol use. Self-rated
quality of life was lower among pathological gamblers relative to non-problem gamblers, but did not differ from at-risk or
problem gamblers. Although subject to some limitations, our data support the notion of higher frequency of gambling problems
among casino patrons and may suggest the need for increased interventions for gambling problems on-site at casinos. 相似文献
11.
Guoqiang Li Xinhua Gu Ricardo Chi Sen Siu 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(2):269-285
This paper employs a general equilibrium framework to analyze the effects on economic growth of global expansions in casino
gaming, which exports gambling services largely to non-residents. Both domestic and foreign investments in the gaming sector
bring in not only substantial revenues but also positive spillover effects on related sectors and even on the entire local
economy. However, an over-expansion of commercial gambling may lead to deterioration in the terms of trade with an adverse
impact on real income. If this situation persists, it would not be impossible for immiserizing growth to occur. As a highly
profitable sector, casino gaming may enable its operators to diversify out of this risk if they invest retained profits in
non-gaming sectors to cash in on the spillover effects it has created. The gaming-dominant economy can then be directed on
a more balanced and sustainable growth path, and will become less susceptible to business cycles. Indeed, economic experiences
in the world’s major casino resorts are consistent basically with this argument for diversification. We believe that after
the current global crisis fades away, economic growth and resulting surges in global demand for gambling services can provide
further opportunities for the expansion of existing casino resorts and the development of new gaming markets. 相似文献
12.
Recent studies indicate that treatment-seeking problem gamblers display elevated rates of ADHD and that adolescents who screen positive for ADHD are more likely to engage in gambling, develop gambling problems, and experience a greater severity in gambling problems. This study aimed to (a) compare the prevalence of ADHD in treatment-seeking problem gamblers to the general population; (b) investigate the relationships between ADHD and problem gambling severity, cluster B personality disorders, motor impulsivity, alcohol use, substance use, gender, and age; and (c) investigate the degree to which these factors moderate the relationship between ADHD and problem gambling severity. Participants included 214 adults (154 males, 58 females, 2 unspecified) who sought treatment for their gambling problems at a specialist gambling agency in Melbourne, Australia. Almost one-quarter (24.9 %) of treatment-seeking problem gamblers screened positively for ADHD, which was significantly higher than the 14 % prevalence in a community sample. ADHD was significantly positively correlated with problem gambling severity, motor impulsivity, and cluster B personality disorders, but was not associated with alcohol and substance use, gender or age. None of the factors significantly moderated the relationship between ADHD and problem gambling severity. These findings suggest that a considerable proportion of treatment-seeking problem gamblers report ADHD and that their clinical profile is complicated by the presence of high impulsivity and cluster B personality disorders. They highlight the need for specialist gambling agencies to develop screening, assessment, and management protocols for co-occurring ADHD to enhance the effectiveness of treatment. 相似文献
13.
Kushner M Thurus P Sletten S Frye B Abrams K Adson D Demark JV Maurer E Donahue C 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):219-227
Cue reactivity, while increasingly recognized as a central feature of drug and alcohol addiction, is not well studied in gambling.
We evaluated the urge to gamble in a simulated casino environment among frequent gamblers who alternated between cycles in
which they observed others playing ten hands of Blackjack (first, third and fifth cycle) and cycles in which they played ten
hands of Blackjack themselves (second and fourth cycle). The played cycles served as a manipulation for the observed cycles
in terms of “priming” (having previously gambled in the environment vs. not) and “anticipation” (expecting more opportunities
to gamble in the environment vs. not) and, thus, allowed these conditions: observed cycle 1 = anticipation (+) and prime (−); observed cycle 2 = anticipation (+) and prime (+); and observed cycle 3 = anticipation (−) and prime (+). Subjects’ urge to gamble was greater in the gambling environment than in a neutral setting
and both positive anticipation and positive priming increased cue reactivity within the gambling environment. The frequency
of gambling outside of the study did not affect cue reactivity. However, a preference for Blackjack (vs. other types of gambling)
and observing winning (vs. losing) hands were both associated with stronger cue reactivity in the study. These findings contribute
to our understanding of pathological gambling. 相似文献
14.
Boughton R Falenchuk O 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):323-334
This study helps to address a deficiency of gender-specific research into problem gambling. It focuses on the gambling behaviors,
family and personal histories and comorbid psychological disorders of 365 female gamblers from across Ontario, Canada, who
responded to a mail-in survey. Specifically, this study looks at rates of depression and anxiety, concurrent struggles with
other behaviors (such as alcohol and drug use, disordered eating, overspending and criminal activity) and abuse history reported
by female gamblers. The reported rates are considerably higher than for the general female population. The findings of this
study agree with previous research. They suggest that prevention strategies and treatment practices for female problem gamblers
should take into account women’s mental health, addiction and trauma history as contributing factors in the development of
problematic gambling. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Community Practice》2013,21(2):35-56
This article examines the ways in which religious congregations in Greensboro, North Carolina support the efforts of local social service agencies. Findings from a survey of 147 agency directors, 2 focus groups (one with congregational volunteers, and one with clergy and agency directors), and extensive interviews with 6 agency directors, are reported. It is noted that the religious community and the social service community broadened their relationships as a result of the Reagan administration's domestic policies and that there is a surprising set of interconnections between the two systems. 相似文献
16.
Tolchard B Thomas L Battersby M 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):499-506
General Practitioners (GPs) are well placed to identify problem gamblers and provide early intervention. To date there is
no evidence to suggest that GP’s are routinely screening patients for potential gambling problems. This paper discusses the
prevalence of problem gambling, the links with other health problems and ways that GPs can assist. Results from a pilot project
that provided educational resources to GPS are also discussed. Suitable screening tools are available that could easily be
used by GPs to assess the possibility of gambling problems in patients who may be at increased risk but do not seek help.
Early identification and intervention may help prevent a gambling habit escalating to a serious problem. More work needs to
be done to increase awareness with GPs of the extent of problem gambling in our community and to alert patients to the fact
that gambling can affect their health and that GPs can help. 相似文献
17.
The Proxy Effect: Gender and Gambling Problem Trajectories of Iowa Gambling Treatment Program Participants 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Nelson SE Laplante DA Labrie RA Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):221-240
Recent research has found that men and women who end up in gambling treatment tend to follow different trajectories to that endpoint: women generally begin gambling later in life, but progress to problems and seek treatment more quickly. With women’s prevalence rates of gambling and disordered gambling increasing, it has become important to identify the causes and consequences of these trajectory differences. The current study used a sample of 2,256 gamblers enrolled in the Iowa Gambling Treatment Program to examine the relationship of gender and other demographic, economic and health-related (i.e., psychosocial) factors to empirically-identified gambling problem trajectories. The results indicated that gender made a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of trajectory, but increased predictive accuracy by only 1–2% beyond a model with psychosocial predictors. Gender’s contribution was limited to its relationship to age of initiation; men and women’s problem progression did not differ meaningfully once age of gambling initiation was taken into account. Gender is a unique contributor to the development of gambling problems among treatment seekers, but it is only one small part of the myriad psychosocial characteristics that influence gambling problem development.
相似文献
Sarah E. NelsonEmail: |
18.
Kushner MG Abrams K Donahue C Thuras P Frost R Kim SW 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(2):121-132
Cue-reactivity has received increased attention in addiction research, though not for gambling in particular. We examined
cue reactivity in 18 problem gamblers by accompanying them to a gaming casino and measuring their subjective urge to gamble
over a 1-h period. Half of the sample was additionally exposed to a gambling-specific negative mood induction (NMI) manipulation
via guided imagery. Overall, about two-thirds of the sample reported moderate to high-gambling urges during the casino exposure.
Additionally, the NMI reduced cue-reactivity. Finally, gambling urges in both groups decreased over the course of the exposure
sessions. These findings suggest that a majority of problem gamblers experience the urge to gamble when exposed to gambling
cues and that the intensity of these urges decrease with time, especially in the presence of a gambling-relevant NMI. Cue
exposure should be studied further as a potential tool in the treatment of problem gambling. 相似文献
19.
Jessica Palmer-Bacon Haley Miles-McLean Christopher Welsh Loreen Rugle Deborah Medoff Wendy Potts Seth Himelhoch 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2017,33(2):461-472
This study examined gambling behavior in the context of a newly opening casino, comparing disordered gamblers to non-disordered gamblers, in a population of individuals involved in methadone maintenance treatment. Disordered gamblers (N = 50) and non-disordered gamblers (N = 50) were surveyed before and after the opening of a new casino on gambling behaviors, substance use, and psychological symptoms. No statistically significant changes in gambling behaviors were observed for disordered gamblers or non-disordered gamblers across time points; however, non-disordered gamblers demonstrated non-significant increases in horse and dog race betting, electronic games, and casino table games. As expected, disordered gamblers were found to spend significantly more money on electronic games and casino table games (p < 0.05) and demonstrated higher rates of drug use and impulsivity than non-disordered gamblers. The introduction of a new casino did not appear to have a major impact on gambling behaviors of individuals attending methadone maintenance treatment, though the non-significant increases in gambling among non-disordered gamblers may indicate that this population is preferentially impacted by the opening of a new casino. Future investigation into the longer term effects of opening a new casino on this population may be warranted. 相似文献
20.
Gu X Tam PS 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):587-605
Macao’s gaming industry has experienced dramatic growth for 8 years, yet with certain social costs due to compulsive gambling.
The government has come under pressure for tax cuts even though its gaming receipts are falling relatively to the casino retained
revenue. The request for tax relief is triggered by a recent decline in net profit despite fast growing gross gaming revenue
under favorable market conditions. This is very likely caused by a substantial hike in casino operating costs due to increased
competition and might also signal the presence of the principal-agent problem. Given the regressivity of gaming tax with respect
to net profit, it is no surprise that casinos with lower profitability are more prone to seek tax cuts. The source of Macao
gaming profit hinges on three distinct factors: rising demand from China, monopoly location for casinos, and market structure
of oligopoly. These factors provide economic justifications for the current tax regime of Macao with a strong ability to pass
tax burdens on to massive visitors. The government relies on casino tax revenue to deal with gambling related problems and
promote local diversified development. Pushing for tax variability may create policy instability, business uncertainty, and
unpredictable prosperity in the long term. 相似文献