论“社区”成为共青团工作基本空间的必然性

社区,通常是指居住在一个地方里共同生活的人群,以及这一社会群体赖以存在的社会活动空间和自然活动空间。社区不同于企业,又有别于地区。考察、确定社区的主要标志是社会因素,文化因素和人口因素等,而企业和地区的确定则分别以地域界限、经济因素为主要标志。企业、地区的形成和确定有人为的因素,而社区则是随着城市的发展,由不同的社会群体融合、发育起来的,带有较多的自发性。社区所以必然地成为变革时期共青团工作的最基本空间,主要是由于:一方面,社区具有单个经济、行政单位团组织所不能比拟的多种教育、文化活动的资源;另一方面,社区又具有跨越经济(行政)和地域的界限,用非行政手段把有着     

社会低保救助工作的思路与对策

随着经济发展和社会转型,社会需要建立一套多层次、多形式的保障体系,社会救助体系是社会保障体系中最基本、最低标准的部分,而最低生活保障(低保)是社会救助体系中最规范化、制度化的部分,也被称作社会保障的最后一道防线。上海市普陀区是一个地域大、人口多、社会救助任务相对繁重的中心城区,我们以普陀区作为一个具有特定的普遍性的标本,分析形成和影响低保体系的因素,以期提出影响和调控低保指标的建议政策。     

义愤：从一种群体心态到话语力量的转变——对当代中国愤青的一种文化解读

愤青不仅是一个物化的群体，而且他们也代表了一种精神，反映了一种文化批评的话语方式和生活方式，折射出了一个社会群体在特定历史时期的社会改造理想。中国社会经济的转型使得愤青的社会和文化土壤逐渐多元化，并促进愤青心理的成熟、素质的提高和视野的开拓，使当代中国愤青发生了很大的转变。愤青文化也正在从一个疆界模糊的群体中所展示的批评精神和批评方式转化成为一种具有一定建设性的文化批评力量。     

论“新居住文化”

“居住文化”是一个民族特定居住生活方式的整体,它既包括物质的硬件,又包括知识、精神的软件,是人类在居住范畴内所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。然而,随着经济的高速发展和科技的长足进步,我国在居住文化方面发生了传承文脉与开拓创新相结合的新的飞跃。这种新的飞跃便成为了“新居住文化”理念产生的动力和基础。反过来,“新居住文化”理念的形成,又促进了经济的发展和科技的进步,改变着人的精神面貌和文明水准。所谓“居住改变中国”就是这种反作用的高度提炼。因此,这种具有中国特色的为人民大众服务的“新居住文化”的核心就是“以人为本、天人合一”。     

创新社区治理是推进国家治理能力现代化的重要抓手

<正>社区是若干社会群体或社会组织聚集在某一个领域里所形成的一个生活上相互关联的大集体,是社会有机体最基本的内容,是宏观社会的缩影;而社区的治理,则是国家治理体系的基础。十八届三中全会明确提出创新社会治理体制、改进社会治理方式、推进城乡社区治理等改革任务,以形成从国家治理、社会治理到社区治理一体贯通、一脉相承的治理体系。因此,创新社区治理是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要     

从皮埃尔·布迪厄理论出发探讨不同社会阶层的消费习惯与文化选择

皮埃尔·布迪厄(PierreBourdieu)的理论认为,个人或群体生活在社会中主要归结三种类型的资本,即经济资本,社会资本和文化资本,人们将其视为社会生活中的资源.以往的文献综述将文化资本概括为三种类型:第一种是文化能力,即体现了对知识和品味的把握.第二种是文化产品,比如创作出来的艺术画作.第三种文化制度,包括大学或其他授予的文凭.制度化的文化资本形式最初建立了习惯,这是一种非物质的存在,在特定的客观化的场合中表达.教育经验可以塑造现实社会中的习惯,皮埃尔·布迪厄将习惯定义为由个人的过去或最近的经验同时构成的可以改变的过程.不同的社会群体有不同数量的文化资本,主要包括家庭教养和教育背景,这导致个人建立特定的习惯和生活方式.     

基于共生理论的草原社区研究 ——以滚诺尔嘎查为例

呼伦贝尔草原地区草畜双承包责任制~①实施以后形成了定居定牧的居住生活~②方式,由于牧民生产生活方式的被动改变,传统草原社区结构发生巨大的变化,继而引发牧民居住生活、传统文化、草原生态环境等各个层面的变化。本研究将共生理论引入到草原社区的研究中,从居住生活、文化传统以及草原环境三个方面对传统草原社区和当前草原社区进行比较分析,同时通过对典型草原社区滚诺尔嘎查~③的田野调查,依据共生三要素,建立草原社区中"居住生活共生、文化共生、环境共生"的共生关系,提出具体共生措施,构建共生型草原社区,旨在为草原地区社区建设提供借鉴,从草原社区建设的角度探寻提高牧民生活水平、传承草原传统文化以及草原环境可持续发展的路径。     

回族文化——中华文化与伊斯兰文化融合的结晶

回族是在历史发展中形成的一个有共同语言、共同地域、共同经济生活、共同文化与共同心理素质的稳定的民族共同体。一个民族在共同生活过程中,在政治、经济、文化、语言、生活方式等方面会形成共同的特点,即民族特点。研究具有民族特点的民族文化的形成及其特点,是文化史研究的一     

城市社区中的"街角青年"问题研究——以湖南长沙某区为例

＂街角青年＂是城市中的一种特殊社会现象与社会问题,他们具有其独特的生活方式和社会心理特征,形成了与城市主流文化相对立的城市边缘亚文化,介乎主流文化视角下正常社会化的＂白色＂青少年和走向犯罪领域的＂黑色＂青少年之间,甚至成为城市社区建设和城市社会稳定的一大隐患。因此,城市社区如何把目光更多地投向边缘青年,关注边缘青年,理解边缘青年,是当前城市化进程中一个应该引起重视的问题。     

防疫视角下城市社区安全治理与设施嵌套体系初探

2020年春节之际的新型冠状病毒在全国范围内引发了重大突发性公共卫生事件,在组织管控、医疗救护、社区防疫的全民防护过程中,社区在疫情防控、健康生活维系、社区集体心理疏导以及社区文化和精神凝聚方面承担了重要的责任。因此,基于社会生活组织网络体系的城市居住社会及其空间单元,对于城市社会可持续发展和应对突发性重大公共事件,具有不可忽视的社会韧性价值与属性特征。从规划的全局观反思,基于多元主体和治理理念,规划除了预留出应对突发事件的城市安全预留用地,同时,基于城市社会属性特征,更要注重建构以人为本、与城市社会组织结构匹配的"生态链—防控链—组织链—流通链"安全防护体系,强化基层安全防控的"安全空间单元",进而基于安全防护体系下原有配套设施系统如何更好适应疫情防护需求,形成既有设施与疫情防控需求的弹性设施嵌套体系,又能在全民医疗和健康体系的框架之下充分考虑城市居住社区基层防护的社会价值和潜在的可能性。本文基于疫情防控的视角,从城市社会的基本属性出发,论述了基于疫情防控的社区安全系统的建构及其防控规划体系与常态化规划建设的设施嵌套关系。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.