中国第五次人口普查全国人口死亡水平间接估计

本文运用几种常见的死亡水平间接估计方法 ,以中国第五次人口普查原始数据为基础 ,估测了五普人口粗死亡率、死亡漏报水平和人口平均预期寿命。     

对“古代中国人寿命与人均粮食占有量”的质疑

在人口学中 ,平均死亡年龄和平均预期寿命是两个不同的概念。平均死亡年龄是全体死亡者的平均年龄 ,而平均预期寿命是通过生命表方法计算出来的 ,它可以真实地反映人口的死亡水平。计算古代中国人的平均死亡年龄应该计算同一时期所有死亡人口的平均年龄 ,既包括正史、地方志、名人年谱和人名大词典里收录的名人 ,也包括平民百姓 ,尤其是死亡率较高的婴幼儿。只有这样计算出的平均值才是准确的     

中国分城乡死亡率的有关预测

中国人口总数由解放时的五亿四千万,增加到目前十一亿八千万,主要原因之一是由于此期间人口平均预期寿命迅速提高了一倍左右。由此可见,在人口预测中,人口死亡率预测是件极重要的工作,在中、长期人口预测中,尤其如此。全国第三和第四次人口普查对人口死亡状况已有较详细的统计,给我们研究中国人口死亡现状和未来情况,提供了宝     

对我国人口平均预期寿命的间接估算及评价——基于第六次全国人口普查数据

本研究应用直接法(寿命表法)和间接法(模型生命表法)对全国第六次人口普查数据资料进行分析,分别计算我国人口平均预期寿命。两种方法计算结果表明:直接法计算人口平均预期寿命数值偏高,经过间接估算方法调整后,我国人口平均预期寿命已经达到73.65岁,人口平均预期寿命的地区差别非常大。我国应采取措施进一步缩小人口平均预期寿命地区间差异,提高人口预期寿命。     

中国不同婚姻状况人口的死亡率差异分析

中国第四次人口普查资料表明,婚姻状况是影响人口死亡率的重要社会因素。有配偶人口的死亡水平明显低于未婚、离婚和丧偶人口。这种差异表现在几乎所有年龄组中,但在低年龄段差异最大,随着年龄提高,差异趋于缩小。20—80岁暂时预期寿命的比较显示,未婚、丧隅和离婚人口预期寿命之间的差别不大,三者均明显低于有配偶人口,平均差距约为7岁;此外,婚姻状况对死亡率的影响存在性别差异。     

中国老年人口健康预期寿命婚姻状况差异的多状态分析

基于2008～2018年4期中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据,以“有配偶”和“无配偶”作为两种基本婚姻状况,利用插值马尔科夫链方法,测算65～99岁老年人口不同健康状态间的转移概率、平均预期寿命、健康预期寿命及其占余寿比重,并预测其2016～2030年的失能率。结果显示,无配偶老年人口失能-健康转移概率、平均预期寿命和健康预期寿命均低于有配偶者,但健康预期寿命占余寿比重较高;女性老年人口平均预期寿命和健康预期寿命较长,但健康预期寿命占余寿比重较低,队列失能率较高;2016～2030年中国老年人口失能率呈上升态势,在2026年前后将达到稳定状态;无配偶、高龄和女性老年人口是未来失能的高危人群。可见,婚姻状况会对老年人口的健康预期寿命产生重要影响,有配偶对老年人口健康维持具有保护作用。     

中国老年人口健康预期寿命差异的分解研究

健康预期寿命是反映人群健康长寿的重要指标,健康预期寿命差异反映了一个国家或地区的健康不平等状况。利用多状态生命表分析了中国老年人口健康预期寿命在过去十余年间的趋势与变动,并通过夏普利值分解法测算了人口社会学等11类因素对老年人口健康预期寿命差异的具体贡献值。得到以下四项重要研究结论:第一,从2005年到2018年,中国老年人口健康预期寿命差异的程度略有增加,女性、农村群体相比对应群体差距始终较高;泰尔指数分解发现,组内不平等(而非组间不平等)是造成上述差异的主要原因;老年人口健康预期寿命的性别差异呈现出高龄老人缩小而低龄老人扩大的趋势。第二,婚姻状况是健康预期寿命变动最重要的影响因素,但影响程度呈现逐年下降趋势,反之,受教育程度的影响在逐年上升;进一步将11类影响因素归类后发现:"个体特征"是最重要的影响因素,"经济因素"和"行为因素"的重要性次之,"环境因素"的影响最小。第三,上述影响因素对中国老年人口健康预期寿命的影响总体呈上升趋势,分城乡、分性别后依然呈现出相同的特征。最后,各因素在不同城乡、性别、婚姻状态的群体中的影响存在异质性。     

人口平均预期寿命及疾病影响因素分析

本文使用生命表的研究方法对2016年吉林省死因监测数据进行分析,推算吉林省人口平均预期寿命,分析主要疾病对预期寿命的影响。研究结果表明2016年吉林省总人口平均预期寿命是78.12岁,其中男性为75.83岁,女性为80.61岁。与2010年第六次人口普查吉林省人口平均预期寿命相比总人口平均预期寿命提高了1.94岁,其中男性提高了1.71岁,女性提高了2.17岁。分析疾病因素对人口死亡的影响,主要疾病致死率非常高,其中前10位死亡原因引起的死亡比例占98.94%,前4位死亡原因引起的死亡人数占总死亡人数的90.9%,影响较大的疾病包括循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病等。进一步分析主要疾病对人口平均预期寿命的影响发现,循环系统疾病是对人均预期寿命影响最大的疾病,因循环系统疾病死亡的人数占总死亡人数的一半以上。要想降低疾病的发生率及致死率,进而提高人均预期寿命,必须依靠全社会的共同努力。针对疾病发生的危险因素,建立危险因素的识别与干预体系,倡导健康生活方式,建设公共安全环境。     

中国各地区人口预期寿命及地理分布分析

平均预期寿命是世界公认的衡量人类进步的标准。本文以生命表为基础,主要依据我国第六次人口普查资料,计算各省市区的预期寿命并进行相关分析,计算结果表明,2010年中国人口平均预期寿命为78.17岁,男75.86岁,女80.68岁,已进入发达国家行列。预期寿命与婴儿死亡率呈负相关r＝-0.789,与人均国民总收入呈正相关r＝0.604。预期寿命女性比男性长4～7岁,符合一般规律。影响男性寿命低于女性的原因很多,本文重点讨论了遗传因素和生活方式的影响,并对预期寿命的地理分布进行分析。     

20世纪90年代中国人口死亡水平

在人口普查中,人口死亡容易发生漏报。文章分析了中国人口死亡漏报的社会原因,利用两次普查的人口数据证明了人口死亡漏报确实存在。为了估计出实际的人口死亡水平,对两次普查的人口数据质量进行了推敲,根据登记的人口和死亡率数据的不同情况,提出了相应的修正方法。研究结果表明,20世纪90年代男性的预期寿命为67.97岁,女性的预期寿命为71.34岁,均比人口普查登记资料算出的结果小1.5岁左右。     

View Grandeur by Details and Fill Feelings in Scenery

正Chen Chenyi is one of my very valued painters.For many years,he has been assiduous in painting.Influenced by his family since childhood,he possesses profound artistic cultivation and solid basic painting skills.His pursuit in Chinese painting is refl ected in his constant exploration in the artistic conception of the painting’s general     

Statistical Communiqué on Human Resources and Social Security Development in 2013

正In 2013,under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council and with the focus on major objectives of the Party and the state,China adhered to the main work line of orienting by people’s livelihood and giving priority to talents;laid equal emphasis on both normal operation and internal construction;comprehensively promoted scientific development,reform and innovation of human resources and social security undertakings and     

Health and Happiness for All ——2014 International Day of Families China Commemoration Meeting was Held in Beijing

正May 15th is the International Day of Families.The United Nations has set the theme of this year for the Day as Families Matter for the Achievement of Development Goals.The theme for China is Health for Everyone and Happiness for Each Family.In order to do well in publicizing     

Arrests of Fugitive Economic Crime Suspects Abroad： Fox Hunt 2014 in Action

正In 2014,China launched a massive global Fox Hunt operation to arrest fugitives and recover the embezzled money and intensifi ed the pace to captur e corrupt officials overseas.Some media analysts believe the government tries to deter"those corrupt offi cials who decide to run away for good after being fully fed by embezzled money":foreign countries are not their boltholes any more."The movements of quite a large number     

Green Pu’er City and the Cloud Tea

正If being asked which is the largest city of Yunnan,nine out of ten people would give the wrong answer-just as some people would reply that Toronto is the capital of Canada,Sydney is the capital of Australia and Guilin is the capital of Gaungxi.In fact,the largest city of Yunnan is Pu’er,not Kunming.Many people are familiar with Pu’er because of Pu’er Tea.They believe the place"Pu’er"is named after the tea.But the     

National Health and Family Planning Commission Issued Action Plan for National Health Literacy Promotion 2014-2020

正Health literacy is the ability of a person to obtain and understand basic healthcare information and service and make appropriate decisions to maintain and improve one’s own health by applying that information and service.It is not only an important indicator to evaluate health and family planning work and people’s health status,but also a     

China will Promote Establish ment of Classified Diagnosis and Treatment System and Reform Medical Insurance Payment System

正According to Xinhuanet,during the Forum on Pilots of Urban Public Hospital Comprehensive Reform held in Sanming City of Fujian Province,Dr.Li Bin,Minister of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC)indicated that the pilots of public hospital reform would promote the establishment of classifi ed diagnosis and treatment system.Li said the medical consortium connected grassroots medical institutions to major hospitals on both ends.It had     

Statistical Communique on Development of Disabled Persons Undertaking in China in 2013

正In 2013,the sixth national congress of China Disabled Persons'Federation(CDPF)was convened successfully,which had provided important idealogical and organizational guarantees for promoting innovation and development at a new starting point.Under the effective leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee and the State Council,Party and government departments had attached great importance,CDPF worked hard,all     

“Poststroke Rescue”Public Welfare Project Plans to Provide Services to 100 000 Shanghai Rural Elderly

正According to Chinanews.com,"Pinetree Poststroke Rescue"public welfare project,which aims at providing social assistance for stroke patients,has established the first rural rehabilitation nursing station in Minhang district of Shanghai on April 3,2014.The public projects has planned to fully cover nine districts in Shanghai suburbs and expect to deliver services to more than 100 000 rural elderly.The organization founder Wang Yanni introduced the"beautiful rural trilogy"strategy.First,by working with     

Low Fertility Trap:Theories,Facts and Implications

The low Fertility Trap Hypothesis proposes that there are three self-reinforcing mechanism--demographic,sociological and economic,working towards a downward spiral in future fertility.Once TFR drops below 1.5,it will be difficult to recover.The fertility recovery emerging in many countries across the world has changed the lowfertility trap theory and also the justification of the theory itself.So low-fertility trap is more likely a pattern summarized from a short-time phenomenon than a generalized social law.As with China,the current fertility level is above 1.5 births per woman,and China is not in the "Low-fertility trap".Moreover,most recent surveys suggests that current fertility intention in China is above 1.8 births per woman and more than60 percent of people would have a second child if there is an adjustment of fertility policy.In addition,birth postponement is still playing an important role in reducing TFR in China.Thus,with the high fertility intention,adjustment of family planning policy and decreasing tempo effect,TFR in China will experience upturn but not further decline in the near future.It is lack of evidence to conclude that China has already been or is going to be trapped in low fertility.