论社会工作在农村最低生活保障漏洞治理中的作用

社工介入到农村最低生活保障活动,可避免熟人社会中某些习俗的影响,避免救助对象不当受益问题,通过收集信息来完善低保标准,避免超标受益、重复受益等"漏洞"问题;专业社工通过增能来帮助困难群体来表达福利诉求等。     

社工 在美国综合医院

根据美国劳工部的定义,社工是一种由具有强烈的改善他人生活欲望的人所从事的职业,社工通过帮助他人克服日常生活中的困难来帮助人,帮助人们处理人际关系,并解决个人和家庭中的问题。有些社工帮助残疾或者面临致命性疾病的人,或者帮助解决一些社会问题,例如住房不足,失业,吸毒等。社工也帮助家庭不和,有时参与对子女或者配偶的家庭暴力的干预。有些社工进行研究,     

社工在美国综合医院

根据美国劳工部的定义,社工是一种由具有强烈的改善他人生活欲望的人所从事的职业,社工通过帮助他人克服日常生活中的困难来帮助人,帮助人们处理人际关系,并解决个人和家庭中的问题。有些社工帮助残疾或者面临致命性疾病的人,或者帮助解决一些社会问题,例如住房不足,失业,吸毒等。社工也帮助家庭不和,有时参与对子女或者配偶的家庭暴力的干预。有些社工进行研究,为改善服务而呼吁,参与系统或者政策设立的过程,许多社工为某些特定人群服务,或者在某一专门机构工作。     

大学生群体对社会工作职业声望评价探析——以四川农业大学本科生为例

为了解社会工作目前的职业声望,本文通过问卷调查了作为社会先进群体的大学生对社工的职业声望评价。调查结果显示,大学生自身所持有的价值观、择业要求会影响对职业的评价,对社工本身的了解程度也是影响因素之一。笔者因此建议通过大力加强社工价值教育,扩大舆论宣传和提高社工福利等措施来提高社工的职业声望。     

大学生群体对社会工作职业声望评价探析——以四川农业大学本科生为例

为了解社会工作目前的职业声望,本文通过问卷调查了作为社会先进群体的大学生对社工的职业声望评价。调查结果显示,大学生自身所持有的价值观、择业要求会影响对职业的评价,对社工本身的了解程度也是影响因素之一。笔者因此建议通过大力加强社工价值教育,扩大舆论宣传和提高社工福利等措施来提高社工的职业声望。     

三问万载模式

经过多年探索，江西省万载县社会工作人才队伍建设创造出了“党委统一领导、政府主导推动、部门密切配合、整合现有资源、社工义工联动、公众广泛参与、广大群众受益”的“万载模式”，其中“社工义工联动”又被称为“1＋3模式”，即一名社工专业大学生，     

福州着力探索建设台湾社工登陆“第一家园”

近年来,两岸交流合作的“触角”不断向基层延伸,两岸社工交流日益密切,台湾社工的经验引进极大的促进了福州社工服务事业的蓬勃发展。福州市先行先试,积极探索海峡两岸融合发展新路,致力于把福州建设成为台湾社工登陆的“第一家园”,在推进引进培育台湾社工人才、探索两岸社工合作新模式、吸引台湾社工来榕创业就业、打造两岸社工服务平台等方面取得积极成效。     

学校社工服务的几点思考

学校系统是一个人员比较单一,管理比较完善,安排比较稳定的环境,社工作为第三方插入进来,必然要面临不同服务、不同专业的融人问题,而目前中国的教育主要以学习成绩来衡量学生,以升学率来衡量学校,而这与社工关注学生综合素质有偏差,导致社工在开展工作的时候容易受到限制.     

学校社工服务的几点思考

学校系统是一个人员比较单一,管理比较完善,安排比较稳定的环境,社工作为第三方插入进来,必然要面临不同服务、不同专业的融入问题,而目前中国的教育主要以学习成绩来衡量学生,以升学率来衡量学校,而这与社工关注学生综合素质有偏差,导致社工在开展工作的时候容易受到限制。     

绿城社工站的服务项目

绿城社工服务站结合当前实际,开展特色项目,如校外学业辅导、社工助残、社工助困、长者社区关爱等等。校外学业辅导项目旨在通过贯彻专业社工理念,运用专业社工方法为广大青少年群体提供校外学业辅导,以帮助其解决学业问题,促进其学业进步。校外学业辅导项目适应广大家庭需要,由来自郑州部分高校社工实     

Unification of the Urban Minimum Living Standard in China: Using a Consumption Expenditure Percentile Method

ABSTRACT. The Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (MLSG) system in urban China was established in the 1990s. As a national income benefit program, this system has huge regional differences as a result of regional variation in economic development and the methods used to calculate the benefit. This article uses a consumption expenditure percentile method to measure and evaluate the benefit level of the MLSG system. The analysis shows that the consumption expenditure replacement rates in central cities are decreasing, but in prefectural-level cities, by contrast, they are increasing. The regional differences in replacement rates when comparing central cities are considerable and are even larger among cities at a prefecture level. Per-capita consumption expenditure is positively correlated with minimal living standards but negatively correlated with the replacement rate. Such variation in the value and operation of the MLSG system suggests an urgent need to implement a national unified scheme. The article proposes a single approach to calculating Minimum Living Standard benefits using a consumption expenditure replacement rate that would allow for local differences while providing national cohesion.     

Minimum income programme and welfare dependency in China

In the mid‐1990s China introduced a means‐test cash benefit called the Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System (dibao). Alongside the increases in both the number of beneficiaries and the budget, there is growing public concern that dibao is creating welfare dependency. Using survey data collected in three cities in China, we investigated to what extent dibao beneficiaries look for work. Focus group discussions were held with programme administrators and beneficiaries. While headline figures suggest that a considerable proportion of beneficiaries are of working‐age and able to work, their personal and household circumstances are important factors in determining their long‐term unemployment. There are also dibao design issues that have created financial disincentives to work. The specific origins of the policy of addressing the problem created by layoffs of inefficient state‐owned enterprises are still affecting the implementation of the programme and preventing it from playing a significant role in poverty reduction.     

China's social assistance policy: experiences and future directions

The Minimum Living Standard Guarantee System (MLSGS) forms the core of China's current social assistance policy, and special assistance programmes are used to supplement this policy. This paper scrutinizes the evolution and achievements of the social assistance policy, and analyses the challenges and problems that the policy faces. In this paper, we argue that the international trend of social assistance reforms, institutional background changes and the problems of social assistance in China require a developmental model to guide the future development of the social assistance policy. Therefore, social assistance policy should not only fulfil the basic living requirements of the underprivileged and enable underprivileged people to share the outcomes of economic and social development, but also should enable the underprivileged to develop human capital and participate in the labour market. To move towards developmental social assistance, this article proposes several relevant policy suggestions.     

中国式“福利依赖”的制度设计探源——北京市城市居民最低生活保障制度案例研究

本文通过对北京市25户低保家庭的长期跟踪调查,总结分析了中国制度背景下福利依赖的类型及原因。中国低保制度把多种福利与低保资格捆绑在一起,收入和资产审查缺乏可操作性,制度设计上促进就业政策基本失效。以上这几方面构成了福利依赖的制度设计原因。从这个意义上来说。中国的福利依赖原因很大程度上并不是救助福利丰厚,而是福利缺失所致。即失去低保资格会使家庭的很多风险失去保护,并且我国缺乏家计调查和工作福利制的可操作性,这些与发达国家有关“福利依赖”问题的争论有着根本的区别。     

Anti‐Poverty Family Policies in China: A Critical Evaluation

Despite its rapid economic growth, China remains a developing country facing serious challenges of poverty and inequality. This article examines the development and effectiveness of China's primary anti‐poverty family policy, the Minimum Living Standard Assurance (MLSA, or Dibao). Using rich administrative data and building on the existing literature, this article provides a critical evaluation of MLSA's benefit generosity, coverage, targeting, and anti‐poverty effectiveness. To help reinforce MLSA's anti‐poverty impacts, local governments in recent years have implemented a series of supplementary policies and programs, including health, education, housing, and work support programs. This article also provides an assessment of these supplementary policies and programs and draws policy implications for the ongoing expansion of the Chinese government's anti‐poverty efforts.     

Targeting Social Assistance: Dibao and Institutional Alienation in Rural China

China's Dibao (Minimal Living Security System) is the world's biggest cash social assistance system serving 52 million people. However, Dibao is less effective at alleviating poverty in rural areas than should it be. The analytic concepts of targeting and institutional alienation (the mismatch between stated goals and true functioning) are applied in a village case‐study to understand why. It appears that Dibao reaches some people considered self‐evidently to be needy, but funds are diverted for purposes of rural governance and social control (reward, punishment and deterrence) and personal gain. Although culturally framed, the concepts and findings potentially have relevance to the global South and North.     

试论中国城市低保制度实践的延伸效果及其演进方向.

引言自改革开放以来,随着中国城市贫困形势的变化,政府扶贫工作发生了若干重要转变。笔者曾经将这些转变概括为六个方面,即从扶持企业到直接救助贫困人口;从道义性扶贫到制度性扶贫;从救助制度分立到救助制度整合;从基本生活救助到综合救助;从消极救助取向到积极开发取向;从忽视社区作用到重视社区作用(洪大用,2003d)。当然,这些转变并没有全部完成,有些方面只是表现出一定的趋势。在上述转变中,所谓“从道义性扶贫到制度性扶贫”的转变,有可能引起一些人的批评。因为,在某种意义上,道义与制度往往是密切相关的。有时道义需要通过制度来体现…     

Trapped in poverty? A study of the dibao programme in Shanghai

As the secondary means of income redistribution in Chinese society (the primary means being taxation), the Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (MLSG) programme or dibao has been the object of both praise and criticism. The programme helps the government to channel its limited financial resources to the persons who need it most. While it covers the necessities of life, however, it does not enable its recipients to escape from poverty. It has also been criticized for its exorbitant administrative costs and heavy workload. This study uses a qualitative longitudinal design to identify changes across interview intervals and uncover the internal dynamics of the dibao programme. The research findings enrich the current literature on social assistance in China. Forty households receiving dibao in Shanghai were interviewed. Our findings show that most dibao recipients are laid-off workers – casualties of the massive economic reforms of the 1990s – and the younger members of their families. The assistance they receive helps with their daily expenses, but is insufficient to raise them out of poverty.     

Can the minimum living standard guarantee scheme enable the poor to escape the poverty trap in rural China?

The rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (Dibao) Scheme is the most important social assistance programme in rural China. However, how the rural Dibao programme affects household expenditures and whether it can enable the poor to escape the poverty trap are questions that remain largely unexplored. This study used data from the 2012 Rural Household Survey in China to investigate the impact of the rural Dibao programme on household expenditures. We found that the programme significantly improved the well‐being of low‐income households. Particularly, the programme significantly increased household expenditures on housing, education and health; furthermore, the impact was greater for households with educated household heads. However, the programme did not significantly affect household expenditures on food, transportation or farming inputs. The results imply that participation in the rural Dibao programme induces household investment in human capital, which could help to break the inter‐generational transmission of poverty and raise long‐run welfare.