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1.
The proceeding of privatization is a tradeoff between short-term equality and long-term efficiency. Under the existing structures
of enterprise management and government powers, enterprise managers are likely to conspire with government officials to decide
the way of ownership transformation and share the benefits from there. The transformation of ownership will enhance the efficiency
of the company. Corruption indeed presses ahead the transformation of company ownership, whereas inequality is also aggravated
during the process. Case studies are provided to demonstrate the relationship between corruption and privatization in China.
Corruption and inequality are what the country pays for their dream of public ownership in 1950s. Equality, efficiency and
maintaining current social and political structure cannot be achieved simultaneously during enterprise restructuring.
相似文献
Shuang Zhang (Corresponding author)Email: |
2.
This paper analyzes nature protection by a social planner under different ‘utilitarian’ social welfare functions. For that purpose we construct an integrated model of the economy and the ecosystem with explicit consideration of nonhuman species and with competition between human and nonhuman species for land and prey biomass. We characterize and compare the efficient allocations when social welfare is anthropocentric (only consumers have positive welfare weights), when social welfare is biocentric (only nonhuman species have positive welfare weights) and when social welfare is nonanthropocentric (all species have positive welfare weights). Not surprisingly, biocentric social welfare calls for suspending all economic activities. It is more important, however, that both anthropocentrism and nonanthropocentrism make the case for nature protection through different channels, though. Our analysis suggests that one may dispense with the concept of nonanthropocentric social welfare provided that in the anthropocentric framework the consumers' intrinsic valuation of nature is properly accounted for.
相似文献
Thomas Eichner (Corresponding author)Email: |
Rüdiger PethigEmail: |
3.
This study examined whether demographic or financial variables best predict completion of Chapter 13 bankruptcy plans. Multinomial
logistic regression revealed that demographic variables were more important than financial variables in predicting completion.
Completion of a Chapter 13 repayment plan was not associated with a debtor’s monthly income or expenses. Never married debtors,
dependent children, a previous filing, and higher mortgage arrears increased the likelihood of dismissal. Longer job tenure
and home ownership improved completion rates. Discharge was associated with higher unsecured debts. Results can help improve
Chapter 13 completion rates. Debtors need guidance in setting up realistic repayment plans. Financial counselors could help
ensure that repayment plans are feasible and to counsel debtors who miss a plan payment.
相似文献
Jean M. LownEmail: |
4.
Xiaomin Chen 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(2):421-428
The legal transitions of private ownership from being admitted limitedly to being protected equally with public ownership,
and of the peasants’ right on rural lands from a contractual right to the right in rem, are almost the same process of social reform. And in the interaction of social development and legislation, the law has
taken on an increasing role in social transition.
相似文献
Xiaomin ChenEmail: |
5.
By reducing risk of large out-of-pocket medical expenses, comprehensive social health insurance may reduce households’ motivation
to engage in precautionary behaviors such as saving, procurement of private insurance, and spousal labor-force participation.
We use the natural experiment provided by the 1995 introduction of National Health Insurance in Taiwan to examine these effects,
using pre-existing differences in access to health insurance (tied to the household head’s and spouse’s joint employment status)
to identify the effects of increasing insurance coverage. We find that comprehensive health insurance has a statistically
significant and large effect on household savings, but no significant effects on purchase of private accident insurance and
spousal employment.
相似文献
Shin-Yi ChouEmail: |
6.
The Multiple Meanings of Work for Welfare-Reliant Women 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kerry Woodward 《Qualitative sociology》2008,31(2):149-168
Based on ethnographic and interview data collected at two welfare to work offices, this paper explores the various meanings
that welfare-reliant women give to paid work. Although studies show that welfare-reliant women support work requirements and
believe that welfare receipt should be temporary, even Progressives often fail to see the multiple meanings work has for poor
women, and how similar these are to the meanings most Americans attach to work. Not only do poor women want to work for basic
economic survival, but they view paid work as a means to family security, a path to fulfilling personal aspirations, and as
their civic responsibility.
Kerry Woodward is a doctoral candidate in Sociology at the University of California at Berkeley. Her research interests center around inequality and the intersections of race, class, and gender. Her dissertation examines the transmission of economic, social, and cultural capital in a California welfare to work program. 相似文献
Kerry WoodwardEmail: |
Kerry Woodward is a doctoral candidate in Sociology at the University of California at Berkeley. Her research interests center around inequality and the intersections of race, class, and gender. Her dissertation examines the transmission of economic, social, and cultural capital in a California welfare to work program. 相似文献
7.
The primary aim of this paper is to examine whether resources accruing to different members of the household and from different
sources have differential impacts on household expenditure patterns. The issue is of considerable policy interest for, if
the identity of the income recipient does matter in the household’s expenditure decisions, then it indicates the usefulness
of targeting income assistance at particular members of the household. The South African evidence is generally supportive
of the hypothesis of resource pooling by the income earners in their spending decisions on food, clothing and energy. The
results of this paper have been placed in the wider context of social, political and economic developments following the end
of apartheid that have caused significant changes in the nature of resource inflow and in the balance of power in decision
making within the South African household. The results are indicative of improvements in the standard of living of the majority
of South Africans following the end of apartheid.
相似文献
Ranjan RayEmail: |
8.
In this paper we consider the issue of the intra-household distribution of welfare directly using a survey measure of self-perceived
economic well-being. We develop a theoretical model of satisfaction within the household for couples. In the empirical analysis
we find that husbands and wives often report different levels of financial satisfaction. The most important correlate of relative
satisfaction within the household is found to be relative income. This is a direct confirmation of the previously implicit
findings and is predicted by our theoretical model.
相似文献
Martin BrowningEmail: |
9.
Stephen Elstub 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2006,17(1):17-39
In western capitalist societies the state has become increasingly criticized for its inadequacy as a mechanism for distributing welfare inclusively. In particular, it has been criticized for its lack of flexibility in meeting the needs of increasingly plural populations, and for being too distant to enable service users to participate in the meeting of their welfare needs. Consequently, in many countries, including the United Kingdom, voluntary and community associations have been used to distribute welfare with the belief that it can remedy the defects of universal state provision. This paper suggests the voluntary and community sector can only achieve this if the organizations are democratically organized, ensuring participation from staff and users. Moreover, participation should be based around the norms of deliberative democracy. The paper argues that this form of participation will best ensure that the needs, preferences, and interests of subordinate groups are included in social policy delivery, due to the fostering of public reason.
相似文献
Stephen ElstubEmail: |
10.
Gregory Ponthiere 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(3):449-469
Whereas existing indicators of standards of living neglect the dependence of individual well-being on other people’s welfare,
this paper aims at constructing an income-based indicator taking welfare interdependencies into account. For that purpose,
an extension of Usher’s longevity-adjusted income measure is developed, where the selfish representative agent is replaced
by a two-generation representative household, whose members are connected by altruistic links. Longevity-adjusted income figures
are shown, for the U.S. (1901–1999), to be significantly sensitive to the postulated altruism, so that conventional measures,
by neglecting joint survival achievements, may underestimate actual improvements in living conditions. Methodological issues
raised by the inclusion of interdependencies are also discussed, such as the increased difficulty, for indicators, to reflect
the complexity and diversity of preferences.
相似文献
Gregory PonthiereEmail: |
11.
Annie Fahy 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2007,35(3):199-205
Current research has determined that a larger percent of social workers and other counselors are affected by PTSD types of
symptoms when working with traumatized clients than the general population. While much of this research addresses workers
in specific trauma areas like sexual assault centers or child welfare agencies, little specific thought has been given towards
the special stress that working with Substance Abuse Disorders (SA) and trauma may present. This paper takes a brief look
at the issues of vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue with SA practice and describes future investigation pathways toward
this goal.
相似文献
Annie FahyEmail: |
12.
Married Women’s Labor Supply and Spousal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: Results from Panel Data 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Jason E. Murasko 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(3):391-406
This paper investigates the effect of spousal insurance coverage on married women’s labor supply. This effect was hypothesized
to be negative, since married women have an incentive to seek employment in jobs that will provide insurance when their husbands
do not provide coverage. Panel data from the 1996–2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys was used to control for the potential
correlation between unobserved characteristics and spousal insurance. The findings suggest that spousal coverage does have
a negative effect on married women’s labor supply, and that most of the reduction in labor supply seems to derive from shifts
out of the labor force rather than between part-time and full-time work.
相似文献
Jason E. MuraskoEmail: |
13.
Honggao Cao 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(1):41-54
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study 2001 Human Capital Investment Survey, this article examines the impact of
credit market constraints on investment in college education. The effect of family income on college attendance may not be
as big as perceived in some previous studies. The interest rates faced by children from middle families are the lowest in
the credit market. The research suggests that various government programs aiming to help children from poor families may be
effective, but only at the extensive margin—by improving their access to college education. For those who get into college,
underinvestment by students from poor families remains a significant problem.
相似文献
Honggao CaoEmail: |
14.
Close to Home: A Simultaneous Equations Model of the Relationship Between Child Care Accessibility and Female Labor Force Participation 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Rising rates of maternal employment among current and former welfare recipients have increased the use of non-parental child
care. Little empirical work examines the relationship between women’s labor supply and the geographic supply of child care.
We combine census data with child care provider information for the state of Maryland to explore the relationship between
female labor supply and the geographic supply of child care. OLS and 3-SLS equations are estimated, and the findings are consistent
across each estimator: Women’s labor supply is sensitive to the geographic supply of child care and vice versa. These results
are important because states now spend significant money on quality improvement initiatives, many of which increase child
care supply in low-income neighborhoods.
相似文献
Burt S. BarnowEmail: |
15.
Suzanne Heller Clain 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):205-218
I investigate how living wage legislation affects poverty. I find evidence that living wage ordinances modestly reduce poverty
rates where such ordinances are enacted. However, there is no evidence that state minimum wage laws do so. The difference
in the impacts of the two types of legislation conceivably stems from a difference in the party responsible for bearing the
burden of the cost.
相似文献
Suzanne Heller ClainEmail: |
16.
17.
This paper analyzes poverty and its persistence in Sweden using a large panel with detailed income information obtained from
tax registers. As opposed to many commonly used household panels, the features of the data utilized in this paper allow us
to study native-immigrant differences in poverty. We use a hazard rate model based on multiple spells that accounts for unobserved
heterogeneity and endogenous initial conditions. The empirical results suggest that there is negative duration dependence
in both exit and entry hazard rates. Moreover, the transition rates are significantly affected by immigrant status, educational
attainment, labor market conditions, age, and family status.
相似文献
Jorgen HansenEmail: |
18.
This paper analyzes income-pooling by using a unique Danish data set that includes questions on income pooling among 1,696
couples. The analyses show that most Danish households use some kind of income pooling and that the proportion of income pooled
varies considerably according to individual characteristics (age, education, occupation, past partners, upbringing) and household
characteristics (household income, duration of marriage, location of residence and the existence of public goods, including
children). However, when all variables are evaluated in a common model, the duration of marriage and the existence of children
predominantly affect the likelihood of income pooling.
相似文献
Jens BonkeEmail: |
19.
Pamala Wiepking 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2007,18(4):339-358
In this study we investigate the relationship between income and charitable giving. Previous research shows inconsistent findings
regarding both the effect of income on the probability of giving and the proportion of income spent on charitable giving.
We test hypotheses with the Giving in The Netherlands Panel Study 2003 (N = 1,316). We do not find an effect of income on the probability of giving, but a consistent negative effect of income on
both total and religious donations as a proportion of income. This effect cannot be explained by stronger religious affiliation
of lower income groups, or by other differences such as age, and price of giving. We find evidence in favor of a giving standard:
Norms concerning the level of donations in specific situations that people in different income groups share, leading lower
income groups to donate a higher proportion of their income.
相似文献
Pamala WiepkingEmail: |
20.
Hideo Akabayashi 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(4):349-378
The Japanese tax system offers an opportunity to investigate the labor supply response of married women to the income tax
and the intrahousehold resource allocation mechanism, since the deductible amount from the husband’s income decreases as the
wife’s earnings increase. Using cross-section data, I structurally estimate the labor supply of married women under the piece-wise
linear budget constraint created by the Japanese tax and social security system. I find that the wife’s labor supply response
to her husband’s decreasing deduction tends to be greater than the response to her own income tax. This suggests that not
only the unitary model is rejected but also that female labor is allocated inefficiently within a family. Finally, this study
shows that the choice of household model affects the predicted effect of policy reform and that the currently proposed reforms
will have less of an effect on the labor supply of married women than previous studies claim.
相似文献
Hideo AkabayashiEmail: |