从政策终结角度看取消一般公务用车政策

政策终结是政策生命周期的重要组成部分,及时终结过时、无效的政策有利于节省政策资源,提高政策效率,有利于政策过程的优化和政策质量的提高。政策终结的原因是多方面的,对政策终结原因的分析主要应该从决策者政治意识形态和价值取向,政策效果,资源基础——政策成本和财政压力,政策工具的变革四个方面来考虑。这些原因的共同作用也使得取消一般公务用车势在必行。     

青年政策制定的科学性与有效性

青年政策制定的科学与否对青年政策执行的效果至关重要。在影响青年政策制定的科学性和有效性方面,青年政策的价值取向,青年政策的合理性,青年政策的稳定性,青年政策的开放性和协调性等显得尤为重要。     

大都市疏散政策变迁中的工具转向 ——基于北京市政策的文本分析

2014年以来,京津冀协同发展已上升为国家重大战略,战略中的一个重要环节便是通过各种举措疏解核心区的人口和产业.为了剖析疏散政策的发展脉络、工具偏好和时空趋势,运用文本分析方法和政策二维分析框架,借助ROST-CM软件,对北京市及各区县与疏散密切相关的政策73份、共计119万字文件进行文本分析,重点探索疏散政策的工具偏好,以及政策框架、对象和工具的时空变迁.研究指出:北京市的政策调控由单纯的人口迁移政策转向以产业和功能带动人口的模式;在政策工具选择上,涉及人口、产业、空间和设施疏解的供给型和环境型政策工具种类丰富多样,而需求型政策工具种类相对较少;政策文本中高频关键词的阶段性更替也表明政府各个阶段的政策关注点发生了显著变化.     

既有建筑节能改造市场发展政策主体互动关系分析——基于政策网络视角

笔者以政策网络为研究视域,对既有建筑节能改造市场发展政策进行实证分析,在分析政策主体构成的基础上.深入剖析政策主体互动关系,建立既有建筑节能改造市场发展政策网络主体互动关系模型,得出政策目标分歧、政策主体不协同、政策效果反馈失效等政策网络阻隔成因,进而提出政策目标协同、第三方主体联动和搭建政策信息平台等既有建筑节能改造市场发展政策优化建议.     

域外青年政策的考察与借鉴

域外青年政策依据不同的制定主体和适用范围可分为国际青年政策、区域青年政策和国家级青年政策.其中,国家青年政策主要由各国政府部门(行政部门)制定的青年政策及立法部门颁布的青年法组成.由此,国家青年政策的发展模式也呈现青年政策先行和青年立法先行两种.从域外青年政策的发展规律来看,主要包括四个方面:青年政策的制定具有相对优先性、青年政策的制定与实施受到政府部门的高度重视、青年政策的内容逐步细化精准和青年政策的类型逐步完善.在借鉴域外青年政策经验的基础上,我国《中长期青年发展规划2016-2025年)》可从制定《中长期青年发展规划实施细则》、在青年发展的重点领域再行制定专门的青年政策或青年发展项目、重视《中长期青年发展规划(2016-2025年)》的立法转化三个方面予以完善.     

政策工具视角的互联网医疗政策文本量化分析

重点探究互联网医疗国家层面的政策工具使用情况,为政策优化提供参考。以Rothwell&Zegveld提出的供给型、环境型和需求型政策工具为理论框架,运用Excel进行频数统计分析。结果:一共纳入24份政策文本;供给型政策工具占比34.56%,其中信息技术支持使用最多;环境型政策工具占比58.82%,策略性措施使用最多;需求型政策工具占比6.62%,公私合作使用最多。结论:环境型政策工具使用过溢,重点要加强技术标准制定和法律法规监管;供给型政策工具部分使用不足,要加大人才培养和资金投入;需求型政策工具使用严重不足,要加强与互联网企业和国际交流合作。     

中国社会保障政策和人口政策协同的理论逻辑与实现路径

社会保障政策和人口政策有效协同是中国式现代化的内在要求,也是扭转面对人口低生育率单一人口政策失灵局面的现实需要。本文基于成本-收益比较理论阐释中国社会保障政策与人口政策协同的理论逻辑,认为社会保障政策契合了家庭生育的需求,人口政策可以助推社会保障制度可持续发展。论文在分析中国社会保障政策与人口政策协同不力的基础上,提出了提升全民生育意愿的社会保障政策与人口政策协同的路径。     

试论美国卡特政府时期城市政策改革的影响

詹姆斯·卡特总统在其任期内的一项重要作为就是关于城市政策改革的颁布,这一时期的城市政策成果主要是1978年和1980年的两份城市政策报告。回顾卡特政府城市政策制定过程的主要事件和主要参与者,分析卡特政府城市政策以及这期间关于城市问题的重要研究,并分析联邦支出的汇总数据关于城市政策的空间分布部分,以及城市政策审查的注意要点,均对卡特政府城市政策的研究具有重要意义。     

广东省城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策解读

文章分析了广东省城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策提出的背景及政策内涵,从用地指标的角度对广东省城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策进行了解读,包括政策要点和政策创新点,同时在分析政策利弊的基础上从政策监管的角度提出了相应建议。     

基于演化理论的广州建设创新型城市政策思路研究

演化理论范式的发展为创新型城市建设政策研究提供了一种新视角。应用演化理论范式的基本哲学思想和分析框架研究创新发生和扩散的演化过程,可以得到与传统均衡范式有所不同的创新促进政策思路和原则,比如纠正系统失灵的政策主旨、政府的角色和作用更为重要、战略小生境的创新政策、至关重要的经济试验、数量型与质量型相结合的创新政策、创新政策的学习性和民主性等,这些政策思路对广州创新型城市建设大有裨益。     

What Options Do We Have? Exploring Routes for Social Workers` Policy Engagement

For social workers, engagement in policy processes aimed at furthering social justice is a professional obligation. Nonetheless, the literature on social workers’ policy engagement has yet to clearly explicate the range of options open to social workers seeking to realize this obligation. This article discusses six policy routes through which social workers in democratic societies can affect the policy process: voluntary political participation, holding elected office, policy practice, policy involvement by and through professional organizations, academic policy involvement, and street-level policy involvement. This conceptualization of policy routes can serve as map of options for social workers and as a heuristic tool for students.     

Policy Science and Social Policy

This paper briefly traces the evolution of the policy sciences. It views policy science as a technical policy development discipline. The impediments to successful integration of policy science content into social policy curriculum are analyzed and suggestions to improve utilization are made. The paper suggests that critical analysis and constructive utilization of the techniques of the policy sciences will evolve once social workers develop technical skills. It also recommends that schools of social work teach policy as a method. It goes on to articulate curriculum recommendations necessary for the effective teaching of social policy as a method.     

How Unpopular Policies are Made: Examples from South Africa,Singapore and Bangladesh

In this article we contribute to the emerging knowledge on migration policy‐making in two ways. Firstly, we address the relative lack of research on the gendered nature of migration policy‐making. Secondly we contribute to understanding migration policymaking in postcolonial contexts. Based on case studies from Bangladesh, South Africa, and Singapore, we trace the drivers of policy change in these contexts and how the gendered vulnerability of the intended beneficiaries impacted the policy process. We found that there were four main drivers of migration policy‐making in each of the countries. They were: the role‐players in the policy change process, the debates that shaped the policy change, the research involved, and the political context in which the policy change took place. While our research drew on existing policy frameworks, it also showed that policy development is shaped by complex socio‐political conditions.     

Toward an organic policy sociology

According to many, sociology is facing a crisis of relevance. Of particular concern is sociology's inability to impact policy. Sociologists, who should be the go‐to on major policy issues have been sidelined as other social scientists take up roles as policy advisors. Recent efforts aimed at encouraging public engagement have focused on disseminating research and producing more policy‐relevant knowledge. These are welcome resources, but they reflect a deep ambivalence toward policy sociology and a tendency to conflate participation in public discussions with policy impact. In contrast, this essay draws on recent findings about the power of policy experts to develop an organic policy sociology. Organic policy sociology depends on co‐designing and carrying out research with policymakers with whom we share critical and professional commitments. By working collaboratively with policymakers, sociologists can foster equity‐promoting policy, change how policymakers understand social problems, and improve how citizens experience policy on the ground. To that end, I offer six orienting strategies for developing and maintaining organic policy sociology projects, from finding the right partner to assessing the impact of our work.     

Policy Space: What,for What,and Where?

This article examines how developing countries can use, and enlarge, existing policy space, without opting out of international commitments. It argues that: (i) a meaningful context for policy space must extend beyond trade policy and include macroeconomic and exchange‐rate policies that will achieve developmental goals more effectively; (ii) policy space depends not only on international rules but also on the impact of international market conditions and policy decisions taken in other countries on the effectiveness of national policy instruments; and (iii) international integration affects policy space through several factors that pull in opposite directions; whether it increases or reduces policy space differs by country and type of integration.     

What Drives Progressive Policy? Institutional Politics,Political Mediation,Policy Feedbacks,and Early U.S. Old‐Age Policy

What drives progressive public policy? Because progressive policy challenges the interests of powerful people and interests that dominate policy making, it is puzzling that progressive policy ever happens. This article addresses this question by modeling and appraising institutional political, political mediation, and policy feedback theories and models of progressive policy making. Institutional political theory focuses on political institutional conditions, bureaucratic development, election results, and public opinion. Political mediation theory holds that social movements can have influence over progressive policy under favorable political conditions. Policy feedback theory holds that programs will be self‐reinforcing under certain conditions. The article goes beyond previous research by including and analyzing public opinion in institutional political and political mediation models and addressing positive policy feedbacks. We appraise five models derived from these three theories through fuzzy set qualitative comparative analyses of the generosity of early old‐age policy across U.S. states at two key moments. We find some support for each theory, and the results suggest that they are complementary. Left regimes or social movements can initiate progressive policy, which can be reinforced for the long term through positive policy feedback mechanisms. We discuss the implications for current U.S. politics and for progressive policy elsewhere.     

Preparing social work students for policy practice: an Australian example

This paper presents an innovative approach to the teaching of policy skills across the two years of an Australian Social Work degree programme. It argues that placing policy back into practice and teaching the skills involved provides social work practitioners with a better capacity to effect change. Australian Catholic University, School of Social Work is located in Australia's capital city. The policy units have a clear framework within which to understand policy development and provide students with real hands‐on policy experience combining an experiential based learning approach with traditional teaching methods. The second year subject is structured around a number of policy workshops. Each workshop deals with a current policy problem and examines a different stage of policy development. It has as a consultant to the process a social worker who works as a policy practitioner providing a role model of practice in a policy area. Feedback from students has been extremely positive reporting increased confidence in policy skills and a recognition of the importance of these skills in social work. This teaching experience reinforces the need to focus on the educational considerations in teaching a subject where conceptual, theoretical and skill components are equally important if policy practice is to effect change.     

An Exploratory Examination of Students' Family Policy Beliefs

Abstract

Family policy is coming to be recognized as an important component of programs focusing on family issues. As political leaders continue to engage in debates about family issues and family service professionals report spending more time on policy issues within their professional practice, attention to policy issues has become more important in the education of students in family courses. Because of the increasing presence of public policy study within the family studies curricula, it is important to consider students' policy perceptions and experiences as they enter family policy classes. Argued here is that students are more likely to become engaged with family policy topics that are timely and meaningful to them. This research examines student perceptions of various policy topics and issues in an attempt to better design courses with family policy content.     

我国生育政策城乡一体化方案与配套支持

我国生育政策城乡一体化是人口转变与社会发展之必然。一方面,城乡二元的生育政策很难体现城乡公平,用生育政策的优惠来弥补社会保障功能的匮乏这一做法已越来越不符合社会发展趋势;另一方面,二元生育政策本身的复杂性增加了政策执行过程中的成本与困难。生育政策城乡一体化应以城市与农村均实行一孩半政策作为既简化又稳妥的改革方案。生育政策城乡一体化还应配备配套措施,完善生育政策的评估指标,将少生与不生纳入评估范畴,促进城乡医疗、养老、教育等公共服务机会均等化、户籍管理动态化,还要正确理解人口老龄化,为生育政策城乡一体化提供良好的执行环境。     

From Inclusive Policy to the Exclusive Real World: an international review

The characteristics of policy in special education are examined in a number of international settings via an analysis of policy documents and commentaries on policy implementation. Through a constant comparative method a number of 'ideal types' are identified which characterise policy and exemplify the problems involved in the realisation of policy, particularly when that policy is progressive and especially when it promotes inclusive principles. Tensions particularly emerge between the interests of administrative and professional groups on the one side and the deprofessionalising, devolutionary pressures inherent in inclusion on the other. The types are used to analyse specific policy initiatives in Australia, New Zealand and the UK.