The Self-Fulfilling Property of Trust: An Experimental Study

A person is said to be ‘trust responsive’ if she fulfils trust because she believes the truster trusts her. The experiment we report was designed to test for trust responsiveness and its robustness across payoff structures, and to discriminate it from other possible factors making for trustworthiness, including perceived kindness, perceived need and inequality aversion. We elicit the truster’s confidence that the trustee will fulfil, and the trustee’s belief about the truster’s confidence after the trustee receives evidence relevant to this. We find evidence of strong trust responsiveness. We also find that perceptions of kindness and of need increase trust responsiveness, and that they do so only in conjunction with trust responsiveness.      

Gender Advertising: The Self- Fulfilling Prophecy?

The socialising role of advertising is discussed in the context of gender bias, and reference is made to studies analysing advertisements from various media. Policy considerations in regard to the regulation of gender advertising are discussed, with a review of the relevant Australian legislation. Alternative possibilities for reform in the area of sexist advertising are canvassed.     

管理学的预言:福莱特的政治管理哲学

作为泰罗主义与梅奥主义的联结者,玛丽·帕克·福莱特强调集体、民主、整体联系与联合统一的政治哲学,并以此为基础,在组织中形成了结合与建设性冲突、权威与责任的情境规律、以协作达成控制以及相互服务的领导方式等管理哲学思想。     

The Potential Roles of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies, Stigma Consciousness, and Stereotype Threat in Linking Latino/a Ethnicity and Educational Outcomes

Acculturation and ethnic identity may be associated with Latino/as' educational outcomes and be relevant to their lower levels of academic achievement. This article explores how these relationships might be mediated by considering several empirically supported and theory-based social psychological processes—the self-fulfilling prophecy, stigma consciousness, and stereotype threat. These processes suggest specific mediational mechanisms that remain largely unexamined, thereby offering novel directions for research and the potential to enrich understanding of the relationship between Latino/a ethnicity and academic performance. Consideration of these mediational mechanisms suggests that some groups within the Latino/a population face even greater challenges with regard to educational achievement. Accordingly, the particular difficulties encountered by Latinas and the children of families of migrant workers and new and undocumented immigrants are discussed. In addition, the potential relevance of education policies to the operation of the reviewed processes is explored.     

作为社会规训的儿童玩具

玩具是什么？受不同学科熏陶的人会给出迥异的答案。营销学认为 :“玩具是生产者根据消费者的需求提供的一种商品” ;心理学认为 :“每个人都有玩耍的童心 ,这种童心依靠玩具而释放出来” ;经济学认为 :“玩具是我国出口加工产业的重要组成部分” ;教育学认为 :“玩具可以在一定程度上开发儿童的智力”。那么 ,社会学又赋予了玩具怎样的意义呢？也许“成人儿童化”与“儿童成人化”两个概念太过于敷衍 ,但是 ,它们却提请我们注意只有从不同角度分别研究成人玩玩具与儿童玩玩具才会有意想不到的收获。对成人玩玩具的分析是晚近流行文化批判的…     

Australian Women: As Advertised Versus The Real Thing

In the 1970s advertisers portrayed all women as housewives in a cosy world of mum, dad and two charming children. Happiness was simply a matter of having a whiter wash or a more beautiful complexion. Single parenthood, two-income families, poverty, discord or divorce did not receive a mention. This paper examines the extent to which advertisers have kept pace with the changed and expanded roles of Australian women in the 1980s. Most women ‘as advertised’ are still shown as either housewives or sex symbols with only a few being portrayed in a more realistic and non-sexist range of roles.     

Social Work As The Privatized Solution of Public Ills

Summary This paper takes the motivation of the social work recruit asthe point of departure for an exploration of some aspects ofthe low-key politics of social work. Attempting to cut paststereotypical and occupationally agreed conceptions of why socialworkers enter their occupation, it suggests that the socialwork recruit's choice is most usefully understood as an attemptedsolution to central cultural problems in advanced capitalistsocieties, and it directs attention to the moral-political rootsof social work. While the choice of social work as a careerrepresents for some a sort of primitive political rebellion,the implications of this 'rebellion' are not grasped, and itbecomes the privatized solution of a privileged minority     

鲁迅,作为现代散文文体家

文体是由作家的心灵图谱与语言方式 ,合致而成的具有体系性特征的型态。中国现代散文是此间中国文学中的一种重要存在。鲁迅 ,作为现代散文文体家 ,他直接参与了中国散文现代性的创造。鲁迅的文化立场、精神方式、语言方式等 ,创造了鲁迅式的散文。它们标示出了中国散文的现代高程与范性。鲁迅之于散文另有“全体性”意义———鲁迅是现代杂文的别名 ,散文诗由于他的亲炙而成熟 ,他所写作的自然由性的叙事散文 ,是对现代美文体式的重要建构。这是散文家鲁迅的一种独特     

As Parents Grow Older:

For those older persons with families, the family is the vital, natural support system while also being the link between the older person and formal community supports. No matter how many community services and supports are provided for older persons, these services only supplement the emotional ties and support from the families. Enhancing the family's supportive role is crucial. This paper describes a community based support group model called "As Parents Grow 0lder" as an example of a systematic, effective effort to provide services to this natural system. This model has evolved and been used with 10 different groups totalling l25 participants over the past four years.     

Welfare Use As Status Attainment

Empirical studies of welfare dependency have highlighted differences between welfare and nonwelfare families in o;der'io explain the reasons for welfare dependency. This study discusses factors associated with welfare use in a sample of 323 adolescent mothers who were at-risk with respect to becoming welfare dependent. The article first identities the factors which distinguish between those who became welfare recipients and those who did not. Then, the interrelationships among the salient factors are discussed. The analysis suggests that factors which influence movement on and off welfare in the sample are thosc which influence women's social status in general--entering parenthood during adolescence, noncompletion of high school, rapid family building and being the female head of a family. Rathcr than being explained by a distinctive set of factors, welfare use can be explained by the same factors which influence location in the stratification system for wornen at all class levels.     

鸟友之乐

在岛城有这样一群人,他们不分四季,不畏寒暑,肩扛“长枪短炮”行走在青岛的山山水水,大家观察乌情,记录鸟种,拍摄鸟态,这些人被称之为“鸟友”. 春秋季节是候鸟的迁徙时节,每到此时,大批候乌途经青岛.由于青岛特殊的地理位置、复杂的地貌、温和的气候为鸟类栖息繁衍提供了良好的自然条件.据统计,青岛目前已记录有鸟类1 9目58科1 14属390种,是山东省鸟类种类最多、资源最为丰富的地区.在东部沿海山区森林和大沽河湿地流域,每年春秋季节有数百万计的迁徙候鸟在此过境,是亚太地区候乌迁徙线路上的重要“驿站”.     

我们的眼睛看辽宁

自中共十六大提出支持东北地区等老工业基地加快调整和改造的重大战略决策之后,东北受到了世人的关注,辽宁受到了世人的关注。《今日中国》杂志的几位记者, 第一次走进辽宁……     

《我弥留之际》中《圣经》话语的文化意蕴

福克纳是一个善于在其作品中体现《圣经》文化意蕴的作家 ,对他来说 ,《圣经》不但是一种作家自觉遵守的创作原则 ,而且也是一座庞大的文化博物馆 ,为作家的创作提供着取之不尽的精神食粮。在福克纳的小说中 ,主题的提炼、情节的展示以及叙述话语的选择和运用 ,都清晰地表现出《圣经》的原型特征和文化意蕴。     

过程哲学--作为建设性的后现代主义

20世纪后半叶哲学的后现代化运动风起云涌。人们对以否定形式出现的后现代思潮赞赏有加,却忽略了以肯定形式出现的过程哲学对后现代化运动的特殊贡献。后现代主义以颠覆传统形而上学为己任,单子论与二元论是其两块基石。怀特海的过程哲学以关系实在论、事件本体论和内在价值论建构起来,这正是对单子论和二元论的有力批判。过程哲学在后现代运动中的作用应该引起学界的足够重视。