Natural Resources and the Environment

ＮａｔｕｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＣｈｉｎａｒａｎｋｓａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｔｏｐｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓＩｔｈｏｌｄｓｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔ，ｓｅｃｏｎｄａｎｄｔｈ...     

Social Security and the National Economy

ＳｏｃｉａｌＳｅｃｕｒｉｔｙａｎｄｔｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＥｃｏｎｏｍｙＰｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆａｇｅｄｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ（６０ａｎｄｏｖｅｒ）Ｒａｔｉｏｏｆｔｏｔａｌｓｏｃｉａｌｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｙｅｘｐｅｎｄｉｔｕｒｅｔｏｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｎｃｏｍｅ...     

The Aging Situation in Asian and the Pacific Region and Sub-regional Differences in the Percentage of Population Aged 60 and Over

ＴｈｅＡｇｉｎｇＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎＡｓｉａｎａｎｄｔｈｅＰａｃｉｆｉｃＲｅｇｉｏｎａｎｄＳｕｂ－ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＰｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｏｆＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＡｇｅｄ６０ａｎｄＯｖｅｒＴｈｅｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｏｆｅ...     

Zhejiang: Improve the Management and Service Mechanism for Population and Family Planning among the Floating Population

Basic Data in 2005 At the end of 2005, the whole province of Zhejiang had a total number of 11.22 million immigrants of childbearing age, of whom 4.32 million were women and 2.99 million were married women. The number of children born to the floating population totaled 17,315, of which 2,943 were out-of-plan births. The fertility rate of the married women of childbearing     

Health and Medical Care for the Elderly

ＨｅａｌｔｈａｎｄＭｅｄｉｃａｌＣａｒｅｆｏｒｔｈｅＥｌｄｅｒｌｙＴｈｅＬｉｆｅＥＸｐｅｃｔａｎｃｙａｔ６０ＹｅａｒｓＯｌｄＴｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｅｘｐｅｃｔａｎｃｙｅｘｔｅｎｄｓｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｓｐａｎｏｆｔｈｅｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ．Ｈｅ...     

Social Security and Protection For the Disadvantaged

More than twenty years of reform and opening-up has brought remarkable changes to China in both socioeconomic development and the income and living standards of its people. However, with the introduction of the contract responsibility system in rural areas and the reform of the employment and income distribution systems in urban areas, the concepts of an 搃ron bowl?and 揺ating from the same big pot?under the old system have been abandoned. Chinese society has left behind an era of universal p…     

General Situationof Poverty Alleviation and the Strategy

ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｏｖｅｒｔｙＡｌｌｅｖｉａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅＳｔｒａｔｅｇｙ￥ＬｉｕＪｕｎｗｅｎ（ＬｉｕＪｕｎｗｅｎｗｏｒｋｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＬｅａｄｉｎｇＧｒｏｕｐＯｆｆｉｃｅｏｆＰｏｖｅｒｔｙＡｌｌｅｖｉａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＤｅ...     

How does the stork delegate work? Childbearing and the gender division of paid and unpaid labour

I estimate the relationship between fertility and the allocation of paid and unpaid labour among couples, accounting for the potentially endogenous nature of fertility with two instruments. Additional children lead to a reduction in paid hours and to an even larger increase in unpaid hours among mothers. An increase in fertility also leads to a decline in the proportion of mothers working and of mothers working full-time in paid employment. In contrast, additional children are not related to paternal paid hours, although there is evidence of a small increase in unpaid hours spent on childcare.     

The Stages of Human Capital and Economic Growth: Does the Direction of Causality Matter for the Rich and the Poor?

This paper demonstrates that key models of human mobility across several disciplines can be considered as specific cases of a broader conceptualisation of mobility in terms of its contribution to wellbeing. It is argued that this wellbeing perspective offers important advantages for the formulation of policy in areas that must respond to mobility in cross-cultural contexts, and particularly in regard to policy relating to highly mobile, indigenous peoples. An applied example is provided through a discussion of how this conceptualisation of mobility offers a different understanding of the mobility of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, one that may have led to superior policy outcomes.     

Meet the Parents? Family Size and the Geographic Proximity Between Adult Children and Older Mothers in Sweden

The aim of this study is to estimate the causal effect of family size on the proximity between older mothers and adult children by using a large administrative data set from Sweden. Our main results show that adult children in Sweden are not constrained by sibship size in choosing where to live: for families with more than one child, sibship size does not affect child-mother proximity. For aging parents, however, having fewer children reduces the probability of having at least one child living nearby, which is likely to have consequences for the intensity of intergenerational contact and eldercare.     

“Relinquish the reins”: Persuasion and consensus in the discourse of pregnancy and childbirth advice literature

BackgroundPopular pregnancy and childbirth advice books constitute an important source of information for pregnant women. These texts shape women's perceptions of pregnancy, childbirth and the medical care they will receive during this time.AimsThis article reports on a study of the enactment of power relations between pregnant women and their medical caregivers in the discourse of pregnancy and childbirth advice literature and its implications for practice.MethodsThe study focuses on the discursive positioning of women in relation to medical personnel through a critical discourse analysis of two popular advice books, one in English and one in French.FindingsThe article suggests that through the use of a number of key discursive strategies, pregnant women are constructed as under the control of the medical institution in these texts. However, this control is not achieved by an overt oppressive discourse, instead it is achieved through persuasion and consensus by generating the consent of pregnant women to comply with medical norms.ConclusionsThe medical institution is represented in these texts as a dominant force while women are constructed as powerless recipients of medical care. Medical professionals should firstly consider whether the power relations represented in these texts correspond to those enacted in clinics and delivery rooms. Secondly, caregivers should be cautious about recommending popular pregnancy and childbirth advice books to women as the relationship between pregnant women and their caregivers may be undermined by the negative power asymmetry enacted in these texts.     

‘Facework’, Flow and the City: Simmel,Goffman, and Mobility in the Contemporary City

This paper contains a re‐reading of Simmel and Goffman with an eye to the mobility practices of the contemporary city. The paper offers a ‘new’ perspective on mobility in the contemporary city by re‐reading two sociological ‘classics’ as there is a need to conceptualise the everyday level of flow and mobility in the midst of an intellectual climate dominated by grand theories of networks and globalisation. In the re‐reading of Simmel and Goffman, the aim is to reach an understanding of how contemporary material mobility flows and symbolic orders and meanings are produced and re‐produced. You may argue that other academic disciplines such as anthropology and human geography have made important contributions to this understanding. What has not been done, however, is to show how these two sociological thinkers can move beyond mere application to this field of study. With their sociological sensitivity, they rather carry important insights that will benefit the sociology of mobility. Arguably Simmel and Goffman offer the opportunity to connect the global flows to the everyday level of social practice, as well as linking more basic/classic sociological theory to contemporary issues of mobility. The reason to ‘look back’ is therefore to capture some of the past's ‘sociological imagination’ and relate it to an important social phenomenon of the present.     

Corruption and the ‘Paradox of Redistribution’

The existing literature on the determinants of income redistribution has identified a ‘paradox’. Namely, that countries with a high degree of market income inequality redistribute little, which is in disagreement with the median voter theorem. In a first step, this paper outlines several mechanisms that explain why government corruption might be partially responsible for this ‘paradox’. In a second step, different corruption perception indices and an instrumental variable approach are used to provide empirical evidence that indicates a significant negative impact of corruption on redistribution levels for a sample of 148 developing and developed countries. This finding suggests that, next to political and need factors, government corruption explains to some extent the ‘paradox of redistribution’. This is especially true for many developing countries, given that they typically have relatively high degrees of corruption and low levels of redistribution.     

A Study on the Sustainability and the Reform of Current Endowment Insurance Mode

Ⅰ. Current Situation and Prospect of Population Aging China has successfully realized the transformation of population reproduction pattern in a relatively short period; and the age structure of its population has changed accordingly, resulting in the     

The Poor and the Drive to Alleviate Poverty

ＴｈｅＰｏｏｒａｎｄｔｈｅＤｒｉｖｅｔｏＡｌｌｅｖｉａｔｅＰｏｖｅｒｔｙＩｎＣｈｉｎａ，ｐｅｒｓｏｎｓｈａｖｉｎｇａｎａｖｅｒａｇｅａｎｎｕａｌｉｎｃｏｍｅｏｆＲＭＢ３００ｙｕａｎｏｒｌｏｗｅｒａｒｅｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｏｂｅｐｏｏｒ．Ｉｎ１９９２...     

Effects of migration on the educational levels of the black resident population at the origin and destination, 1955–1960 and 1965–1970

Using the 1960 and 1970 census data, this paper analyzes the net effects of the interregional migration of black males on the educational levels of the resident black male population at the regions of origin and destination. Significant variations are observed in the educational selectivity of out-migrants from each region, by region of destination. Comparing the educational levels of the return migrants to the South with those of the resident population in the nonsouthern regions provides no evidence that the return migrants are "failed" migrants. The net effect of interregional migration on the educational levels of the black male resident population at the regions of origin and destination is insignificant in most age groups, for both the 1955--1960 and 1965--1970 periods. In particular, in-migration from the South to nonsouthern regions has little effect on the educational levels of the resident population in most age groups. In fact, for nonsouthern regions, out-migration is more detrimental to the educational level of the resident black male population than is in-migration from the South. Furthermore, the net effect of interregional migration has declined from the 1955--1960 period to the 1965--1970 period.     

Richmond Barthé: Black Homoeroticism and the Raptures of the Hermaphroditic Body

ABSTRACT

African American sculptor Richmond Barthé (1901–1989) conjoined issues of sexuality and race in works that foreground the aesthetic worth of Black bodies. While exposing Western figuration practices that exclude Black people from artistic visibility, Barthé also targeted the African American distaste for the explicit treatment of nudity. Barthé’s androgynous sculptures have by now become the trademark of his art, but Barthésian scholarship still neglects the significance of a small group of statues, which de-emphasize the aura of same-sex desire, in order to explore the intricacies of corporeal ambisexuality. In view of his homoerotic depictions and the presence of the hermaphrodite at the core of his disruption of the sexual dichotomy, the frequent assumption that Barthé remained “closeted all his life” does not stand critical scrutiny. Instead of taking refuge in the sexual closet, Barthé debunked the man/woman binary as the foremost epistemic construct that prompts the societal need for sexual self-misrepresentations.     

By the Youth and for the Youth Brief Introduction of China Youth Network

In the rapid changing world,the historically ever largest generation of young people amounting for 1.2 billion is approaching into the adulthood.Their education and health,their preparation to undertake the adult's role and the responsibilities,as well as the supports from their family,society and government will determine their own development and the future of the world.     

The visual construction of “the people” and “proximity to the people” on the online platforms of the National Front and Swiss People’s Party

The article explores and compares how the online communication of the National Front (FN) and Swiss People’s Party (SVP) visualise and define “the people” and “proximity to the people” in the wake of the Swiss federal elections and the French regional elections in 2015. Considerations based on netnography, discourse analysis and visual culture studies inform the corpus-based approach of the study. The results of the analysis show significant differences in the way each party represents itself: the FN visually frames itself as a party for the people whereas the SVP portrays itself as a party of the people. This is due to distinct ways of depicting the relation between party representatives and citizens as well as the “in-group”.