金融泡沫与企业投资

研究了金融泡沫对企业投资策略影响的微观机理.在投资项目市场价值中引入金融泡沫因子,建立起企业的投资决策模型,研究了泡沫对投资概率的影响,并对泡沫持续期、决策者视窗和融资规模和方式与金融泡沫对投资的共同影响进行了分析.结果表明:正泡沫对投资具有推动作用,负泡沫具有抑制作用;正泡沫期间进行的投资长期具有折价趋势,负泡沫期间进行的投资价值有上升趋势;正泡沫持续期越长,投资的可能性越小;负泡沫的持续期越长,投资可能性越大;在正泡沫期,若决策者越短视,立即投资的动机越强,企业偏向于出售股权进行投资;在负泡沫期,若决策者越短视,投资将会推迟,企业偏向于以其他融资方式进行投资.     

金融泡沫与企业投资

研究了金融泡沫对企业投资策略影响的微观机理.在投资项目市场价值中引入金融泡沫因子,建立起企业的投资决策模型,研究了泡沫对投资概率的影响,并对泡沫持续期、决策者视窗和融资规模和方式与金融泡沫对投资的共同影响进行了分析.结果表明:正泡沫对投资具有推动作用,负泡沫具有抑制作用;正泡沫期间进行的投资长期具有折价趋势,负泡沫期间进行的投资价值有上升趋势;正泡沫持续期越长,投资的可能性越小;负泡沫的持续期越长,投资可能性越大;在正泡沫期,若决策者越短视,立即投资的动机越强,企业偏向于出售股权进行投资;在负泡沫期,若决策者越短视,投资将会推迟,企业偏向于以其他融资方式进行投资.     

上市公司投资支出与融资约束敏感性研究

从分析融资约束的影响因素入手,运用主成分分析法构建了度量融资约束的指标体系,实证检验融资约束对投资支出的影响程度,在一定程度上避免了单一指标对实证研究造成的偏差,并将融资约束引入投资的多元回归模型,建立投资与融资约束的联系;研究其敏感性,分析在内部现金流量和投资机会有所变化时投资-融资约束敏感性的差异.实证结果表明,融资约束对投资有制约作用,公司受到的融资约束越大,投资支出就会越小;投资机会和内部现金流量对融资约束的制约作用有影响,托宾Q大于1和内部现金流量为负的企业投资-融资约束敏感性更弱.     

市场非有效与公司投机及过度融资

构建了一个模型,讨论非有效的股票市场对上市公司控股股东或管理层过度融资与短期实业投机行为的影响.并针对具体因素采用比较静态的方法,分析非有效市场对管理层投机程度的影响及其经济意义.发现:公司管理层会在真实内在价值的实业投资和短期投机之间权衡.1)当实业投资回报比较高时,即使市场非有效程度比较高,公司管理层也不会采取投机活动;当实业竞争激烈,收益相对于投机过低时,会选择短期投机.2)当多余的融资大到某种程度时,会影响公司管理者投资行为,他们会花一部分功夫去迎合外部投资者,而且在迎合上所下的功夫随着多余的融资的增大而增大.     

融资约束下或有可转债对企业投资的影响

基于不确定性投融资理论,探析或有可转债对融资约束企业的投资规模、投资时机及资本结构的影响和作用机制,进而从缓解融资摩擦与压力的视角为企业引进或有可转债融资提供新的理论解释.结果表明:或有可转债的转换率对最优投资规模没有影响;相对于普通债券,或有可转债显著降低了企业融资约束压力,减少了非效率投融资决策导致的企业价值损失;当融资约束企业的收益增长率、转换率与转换杠杆较低,而所得税率较高时,或有可转债融资优势更加明显.     

新技术商业化过程中的不确定性、学习与投资决策

本文从学习视角分析新技术商业化投资过程中面临的三种不同类型不确定性及其解决方式,阐述各类不确定性及分布影响新技术商业化投资决策背后的内在机制与路径.在此基础上运用实物期权方法构建新技术商业化投资评估与决策模型并导出最优投资规则,进而利用数值模拟进行比较静态分析,详细讨论各种参数变化对新技术商业化投资价值与投资门槛的影响,阐述结果的经济与管理涵义.     

股票市价、所有权特征与公司投资行为研究——基于股权融资依赖视角

基于行为公司财务理论,构建了股票误定价通过股权融资渠道影响企业投资行为的理论模型.在模型阐释和制度背景分析的基础上,在不同的股权融资依赖度和所有权控制特征下,对股票市价与公司投资行为进行了实证研究.结果表明:股权融资的依赖程度越大,企业投资水平对股票市价的敏感性越高;在相同的股权融资依赖度下,地方政府所辖上市公司的投资规模对股票市价的敏感性大于民营产权控制和中央企业控制的上市公司;股票市价对企业投资行为的影响因不同的所有权控制特征和治理效率而存在差异;监管机构加强对融资需求的评估与公共治理的强化,是抑制地方上市公司股权融资资金配置自利动机的有效途径.     

不完全竞争下,战略性债务融资和研发投资的策略研究——对世纪初欧美电信泡沫破灭的反思

世纪之初,在经历长期繁华之后的欧美电信业陷入低谷.理论界和实务界普遍认为这是电信寡头在资本市场上的不恰当融资策略所致.然而,在一个全新的视角下,本文通过构造一个三阶段博弈分析框架,从理论上论证了债务融资、R＆D投资与定价策略三者之间的内在互动关系,指出产品市场与资本市场之间互动效应是问题出现的关键所在.研究表明,在市场需求不确定情况下,企业债务融资决策将影响到自身及其竞争对手的R&D投资策略与定价策略,进而对公司价值产生双重影响.此外,企业R＆D投资对其自身及对手的定价策略也具有直接效应和战略效应.     

不完全竞争环境下新技术投资的均衡策略研究

考虑到企业间战略互动关系,在已有研究文献的基础上建立新技术投资模型,并利用实物期权方法得出了两个对称企业投资未来两代新技术不同情形下的期权价值,而且在此价值的基础上利用期权博弈方法研究了两个对称企业面对未来两代新技术的投资均衡策略,为企业在管理新技术时提供参考.     

投资的融资效应、自由现金流与企业价值

本文的目的在于阐述企业投资所附带的融资效应，为此建立了一个基于企业投融资行为的分析框架，通过对企业投资的融资约束、融资结构、控制权安排、激励机制、自由现金流、企业价值等变量之间关系的探讨，揭示投资的融资效应对企业价值的作用机理与传导机制。     

Understanding the Adoption Process of National Security Technology: An Integration of Diffusion of Innovations and Volitional Behavior Theories

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. government initiated several national security technology adoption programs. The American public, however, has been skeptical about these initiatives and adoption of national security technologies has been mandated, rather than voluntary. We propose and test a voluntary behavioral intention formation model for the adoption of one type of new security technology: portable radiation detectors. Portable radiation detectors are an efficient way of detecting radiological and nuclear threats and could potentially prevent loss of life and damage to individuals’ health. However, their functioning requires that a critical mass of individuals use them on a daily basis. We combine the explanatory advantages of diffusion of innovation with the predictive power of two volitional behavior frameworks: the theory of reasoned action and the health belief model. A large sample survey (N = 1,482) investigated the influence of factors identified in previous diffusion of innovation research on portable radiation detector adoption intention. Results indicated that nonfinancial incentives, as opposed to financial incentives, should be emphasized in persuasive communications aimed at fostering adoption. The research provides a new integration of diffusion of innovation elements with determinants of volitional behavior from persuasion literature, and offers recommendations on effective communication about new security technologies to motivate public adoption and enhance national safety.     

The Effect of Perceived Novelty on the Adoption of Information Technology Innovations: A Risk/Reward Perspective

A fundamental characteristic of any innovation is its novelty, the newness or freshness of the innovation in the eyes of the adopter. Past research has often considered novelty to be inherent to an information technology (IT) innovation, yet it is also likely that perceptions of novelty differ widely across individuals. Nevertheless, the role that the novelty of an IT innovation plays in adoption is not well understood. The primary goal of this research effort is to frame the perceived novelty of an IT innovation as a salient affective belief in the nomological network related to adoption. Further, we examine how perceived novelty influences the way individuals reconcile their perceptions of risk versus reward when considering the adoption of an IT innovation. Two empirical studies with 424 and 138 participants, respectively, examine the effect of perceived novelty on IT innovations from a risk/reward perspective. Results indicate that perceived novelty is a salient affective belief that plays a significant role in the adoption of IT innovations. Implications for both theory and organizational decision making are examined.     

技术创新速度对新技术购买行为的影响 ———两代未来创新的情况

通过引入第二代未来创新更好地实现了将技术创新的购买看作一系列实物期权的思想. 讨论了实物期权价值以及触发现有创新购买、跨越或升级到未来创新的状态临界值的求解方 法,在假定现有创新和第一代未来创新均出现情况下给出了购买时机的概率模型. 数字释例表 明,虽然技术创新速度对购买行为的影响在仅有一代未来创新情况下呈现明显的非单调特征, 但对第二代未来创新的预期将显著削弱甚至消除创新速度影响中的非单调特征,从而为直观 分析特别是实证结果提供了更好的理论支持     

Phases of the Adoption of Innovation in Organizations: Effects of Environment,Organization and Top Managers1

Multidimensional empirical examinations of the adoption of innovations in organizations, and the influence of factors within each dimension on the phases of adoption, are scarce. This study examines the effects of environmental, organizational and top managers' characteristics on the initiation, adoption decision and implementation of innovation. Using a sample of approximately 1200 public organizations in the United States, we found that while each dimension accounts for unique variance in the adoption of innovation, organizational characteristics and top managers' attitudes toward innovation have a stronger influence than environmental and top managers' demographic characteristics. We also found no difference in the direction of effects of any antecedent, but did find differences in the significance of effects of several antecedents, on the phases of innovation adoption. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest ideas for future research.     

Strategic Decisions of New Technology Adoption under Asymmetric Information: A Game‐Theoretic Model*

In this paper we explore strategic decision making in new technology adoption by using economic analysis. We show how asymmetric information affects firms' decisions to adopt the technology. We do so in a two‐stage game‐theoretic model where the first‐stage investment results in the acquisition of a new technology that, in the second stage, may give the firm a competitive advantage in the product market. We compare two information structures under which two competing firms have asymmetric information about the future performance (i.e., postadoption costs) of the new technology. We find that equilibrium strategies under asymmetric information are quite different from those under symmetric information. Information asymmetry leads to different incentives and strategic behaviors in the technology adoption game. In contrast to conventional wisdom, our model shows that market uncertainty may actually induce firms to act more aggressively under certain conditions. We also show that having better information is not always a good thing. These results illustrate a key departure from established decision theory.     

Understanding the Role of Individual Innovativeness in the Acceptance of IT‐Based Innovations: Comparative Analyses of Models and Measures*

As new technological innovations are rapidly introduced and changed, identifying an individual characteristic that has a persistent effect on the acceptance decisions across multiple technologies is of substantial value for the successful implementation of information systems. Augmenting prior work on individual innovativeness within the context of information technology, we developed a new measure of adopter category innovativeness (ACI) and compared its effectiveness with the existing measure of personal innovativeness in IT (PIIT). Further, we examined two alternative models in which the role of individual innovativeness was theorized differently—either as a moderator of the effects the perceived innovation characteristics of usefulness, ease of use, and compatibility have on future use intention (moderator model) or as a direct determinant of the innovation characteristics (direct determinant model). To ensure the generalizability of the study findings, two field studies (N= 634) were conducted, each of which examined the two models (moderator and direct determinant) and measured individual innovativeness using the two measures (ACI and PIIT). Study 1 surveyed the online buying practices of 412 individuals, and Study 2 surveyed personal digital assistant adoption of 222 healthcare professionals. Across the markedly different adoption contexts, the study results consistently show that individual innovativeness is a direct determinant of the innovation characteristics, and the two measures share many commonalities. The new measure offers some additional utilities not found in the PIIT measure by allowing individuals to be directly classified and mapped into adopter categories. Implications are drawn for future research and practice.     

Additive manufacturing technology adoption: an empirical analysis of general and supply chain-related determinants

Despite experiencing immense growth in the past decade, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies—colloquially known as 3D-printing—are still rarely used in industrial fabrication. Being at the interface between technology, innovation, behavioral science and operations management research, this paper identifies multifaceted factors that determine the decision to adopt AM technologies for the production of industrial parts. A review of the relevant literature revealed eight potential factors. These can be classified into four interdisciplinary categories: technology-related factors, firm-related-factors, market structure-related factors, and supply chain-related factors. Special focus is placed on the impact of supply chain-related issues, because there are indicatives that these aspects have an influence on the decision to adopt AM technologies since AM may offer distinct opportunities for both, the supply- and demand-side of a firm’s operations. No work in the field of manufacturing technology adoption has examined the role of such inter-organizational factors before. The results of an empirical study among 195 firms indicate that demand-side benefits and compatibility are the main determinants of AM technology adoption. This suggests that not only intra- but also inter-organizational factors should be considered when investigating the adoption of technological innovations. Furthermore, it is carved out that the adoption of AM technologies has an interdisciplinary nature.     

An Empirically Derived Model for the Adoption of Customer-based Interorganizational Systems*

Information systems (IS) researchers are now calling for the need to draw from the empirically rich field of organizational innovation. As the impact of strategic systems is increasingly being felt by organizations, the view that these systems are innovations or innovative uses of technology is becoming prevalent. Customer based interorganizational systems (CIOS) represent one of the most prominent types of such systems. This research investigates CIOS adoption. A model is constructed based on significant studies in innovation to identify factors facilitating the adoption decision of a CIOS. Data are gathered from 226 senior executives. Discriminant analysis is used to identify factors that distinguish adopters from nonadopters. Factor analysis of significant variables yielded a parsimonious model of CIOS adoption. The five factor model includes (1) a proactive technological orientation and (2) an internal push for the system as the two most significant sets of facilitators. Implications for research and practice are then discussed.     

Technology adoption and training practices as a constrained shortest path problem

Technology adoption is not a new venue for research. Much work of decision modeling, diffusion of new technology and statistical analysis of survey data has been done. Some studies focus on finding the optimal forms of technology to adopt within a complementarity framework, but there is no mention of finding an optimal path from a firm's current state to its optimal state. This represents a significant gap in the literature. The paper applies a constrained shortest path problem to training and technology adoption decisions by firms. Given the current set of training and technology adoption the method solves for what technology/practice should be adopted or removed from the complete set of combinations and in what order so as to maximize performance subject to budget constraints. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first application of the constrained shortest path problem to technology adoption decisions.     

On Strategy,Typologies and the Adoption of Technological Innovations in Industrial Markets

This paper investigates the role of strategy in the timing of adoption of technological innovation by industrial firms. In the course of this investigation we bring together and consolidate theoretical insights and empirical evidence from diverse yet fundamentally related streams of research. Strategy is placed within the wider context of the many factors that have been found to influence the timing of a firm's decision to adopt a technological innovation, and conjectures about its precise role are debated. The paper concludes with suggestions towards a synthesis of the highly fragmented work in the area, and identifies key directions for research aimed at a better understanding of the innovation adoption decision in contemporary firms and the interrelationships of the many factors influencing this decision.