环境知识、风险感知与青年环境友好行为

基于2013年中国综合社会调查数据,对青年环境友好行为的影响因素的分析发现,环境知识水平和风险感知对青年环境友好行为有积极的影响,但环境知识水平和环境风险感知对青年环境友好行为有积极促进作用,这种作用部分受到社会人口学特征变量的抑制。同时,青年私人领域环境友好行为和青年公共领域环境友好行为的影响因素存在较大差异,青年私人领域环境友好行为受到阅历、经济基础和风险感知的影响,公共领域环境友好行为与"人的现代化"程度有关。     

Environmental Sociology in Japan and Environmental Problems in Asian Societies

This paper discusses typical aspects of environmental sociology in Japan and what characteristics can be found in Japanese environmental problems when they are viewed from their relation to environmental problems in Asian societies.
The most prominent feature of environmental sociology in Japan is that it has been mainly the sociology of environmental problems, whereas in the United States is has been mainly the sociology of the environment. The second characteristic is closely related to the first: environmental sociology in Japan has focused on the local community and the life of people and victims affected by environmental problems.
The third property would be that many studies by environmental sociologists have been accumulated by the Japanese Association for Environmental Sociology, which was set up in 1990.
The approach to the study of environmental problems in Asian societies reflects these characteristics. Views from the historical interaction between Japan and other Asian countries are essential to the study of environmental problems in Asian countries.     

Measuring Environmental Impact

Book reviewed in this article: Economic Analysis of the Environmental Impacts of Development Projects. By John A. Dixon, Richard A. Carpenter, Louise A. Fallon, Paul B. Sherman and Supachit Manipomoke The Jonglei Canal: Impact and Opportunity. Edited by Paul Howell, Michael Lock and Stephen Cobb Wasting Assets: Natural Resources in the National Income Accounts. By Robert Repetto, William Magrath, Michael Wells, Christine Beer and Fabrizio Rossini     

中国首个早产儿救助基金成立

A special fund for premature babies under the China Social Welfare Education Foundation was launched in Beijing on August 8, 2010. It＇s China＇s first fund established to help premature babies. More than 20 million babies are born in China every year, 2 million of whom are premature. （Premature babies are defined as those who are born less than 37 weeks into pregnancy.） According to Ma Jianian, the fund＇s secretary-general, the fund is intended to raise awareness and promote scientific information about premature babies among women of childbearing age. It is also intended to help reduce the premature birth rate.     

环境挑战与对策

雾霾等大气污染、水危机、固体废弃物的资源环境污染问题,以及环境灾害和气候变化问题已经引起全社会的关注。日益凸显的生态环境问题与不可持续的生产和消费方式密切相关;解决环境问题的必由之路是新能源和可再生能源利用、系统角度的能源和资源节约、全生命周期的资源循环利用和创新理念与高新技术的应用。     

大学生环境意识调查与环保行为激励机制研究

环境治理需要公民的环境意识提升和广泛参与。对846名大学生的环境意识进行问卷调查发现,大学生的环境知识、环境观念和环保行为得分情况均不理想,且三者之间不存在显著正相关。观念的改变往往不是外力强迫的结果,要提升大学生自发的环境意识,需要建立人性化的环保行为激励机制。政府应该鼓励大学生参与环境决策,制定严格的污染付费制度引导居民转变消费观念。高校应该开设系统的环境知识课程和系列讲座,鼓励大学生参与环保活动,强化环境意识。     

Environmental Concern and Situational Communication Theory: Implications for Communicating With Environmental Publics

Public relations practitioners will find Grunig's situational communication theory to be a useful tool for identifying environmental publics and their orientations toward specific environmental issues. The research reported here explores the utility of Van Liere and Dunlap's (1981) measure of environmental concern in differentiating situational publics. The data were collected by telephone survey from 1,002 adult respondents. Members of the routine public did not perceive environmental issues to be a problem because they favored economic development over concern for the environment. The fatalistic public reported watching television news about pollution and held a pro-environmental attitude. Problem recognition provided a cognitive measure of environmental awareness and was consistently associated with communication behavior. Level of involvement and environmental concern provided attitudinal measures of the respondent's orientation toward environmental issues; however, these variables were not consistently associated with communication behavior. Public relations objectives designed to increase awareness and knowledge of an organization's environmental position may be far more effective than attitudinal objectives designed to create a more favorable image for the organization in view of the fact that the relationship between cognition and communication is much stronger than that between affect and communication.     

Ecological Modernization as a Basis for Environmental Policy: Current Environmental Discourse and Policy and the Implications on Environmental Supply Chain Management

Sustainable development and ecological modernization are the two theoretical frameworks that underlie environmental policy making in industrialized countries. It is especially the theory of ecological modernization that describes recent changes in environmental policy making and assumes a positive-sum game between the economy and the environment. The article critically reflects upon ecological modernization as a basis for current environmental policy and discourse. It uses experiences of a project on environmental supply chain management to explore the implications of ecological modernization on practical environmental policy outcomes. We conclude that sustainable development and ecological modernization must be viewed as ideological and political concepts, at least as much as they are about the relationship between the economy and environment. Therefore, further analyses of environmental policy making must include issues of power and influence.     

The Democratization of Environmental Policy

Hazardous Wastes in Rural America: Impacts, Implications and Options for Rural Communities, by Steven H. Murdock, Richard S. Krannich, and F. Larry Leistritz. Controlling Technocracy: Citizen Rationality and the NIMBY Syndrome, by Gregory E. McAvoy. The Politics of Ecosystem Management, by Hanna J. Cortner and Margaret A. Moote.     

Environmental Racial Inequality in Detroit

This study uses industrial pollution data from the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and tract-level demographic data from the 2000 U.S. census to determine whether environmental racial inequality existed in the Detroit metropolitan area in the year 2000. This study differs from prior environmental inequality research in two important ways. First, it offers a positive rationale for using hazard proximity indicators. Second, it uses a distance decay modeling technique to estimate hazard proximity. This technique weights each hazard's estimated negative effect by distance such that the estimated negative effect declines continuously as distance from the hazard increases, thus providing more accurate estimates of proximity-based environmental risk than can be obtained using other variable construction techniques currently found in the literature. Using this technique, I find that Detroit's black neighborhoods were disproportionately burdened by TRI facility activity in 2000 and that neighborhood racial composition had a strong independent effect on neighborhood proximity to TRI activity.     

Environmental Justice at the Crossroads

The field of environmental justice emerged at a crossroads of social movements, public policy, and academic research – what we call environmental justice praxis. Now, the field finds itself again at a crossroads as it expands to address new populations, problems, and places. In this article, we first outline the competing definitions of the problems of environmental inequality and environmental racism from the perspective of social movements, policy, and research. Second, we identify the expansion of the field in two key areas: new issues and constituencies and new places and sites of analysis – specifically the relationship between the local and the global. This expansion leads to increasingly sophisticated spatial methodologies and social theories to examine problems of environmental injustice. Finally, we identify three promising trends in the field: refining the mechanisms and processes of environmental injustice, a renewed focus on the state and the environment as key actors, and a revitalized focus on the interactive and continually evolving relationship between scholarship and social movements.     

Environmental concerns and international migration

"This article focuses on international migration occurring as a result of environmental changes and processes. It briefly reviews attempts to conceptualize environment-related migration and then considers the extent to which environmental factors have been and may be significant in initiating migration. Following is an examination of migration as an independent variable in the migration-environment relationship. Finally, ethical and policy dimensions are addressed."