南太平洋岛国的中国学研究 --新西兰中国学研究概况

本文是对新西兰中国学的历史沿革、研究现状、学科特征和发展趋势等问题的粗略概述。     

Talking about citizenship in New Zealand

Abstract

This paper fleshes out the rather sparse empirical literature on citizenship with data collected from seven focus groups involving a wide range of New Zealanders. Results indicate that the term “citizenship” is relatively unimportant to identity and belonging compared to “family” and “community”. Yet there is considerable agreement about the key elements of citizenship and what makes a “good citizen”. Knowledge about citizenship, however, is not evenly distributed or experienced in the same way by different groups of New Zealanders, with Maori participants offering notably more negative perspectives on citizenship, and benefit recipients most likely to feel like “second‐class citizens”. Against predictions, the findings further suggest that neo‐liberal reforms have not eliminated a belief in community spirit and collective solutions to social problems. Although New Zealanders do believe that individuals should be responsible for themselves, they also expect government to ensure the social and economic conditions that make this possible.     

架设中印理解与交流的新桥梁

“中国 -印度名人论坛”首次会议于今年 9月 17、18日在新德里人居中心大厦隆重举行。来自两国政治、经济、科技、文化等界的知名人士聚集一堂 ,就中印关系未来的发展、双方友好合作的领域以及重大的国际和地区性问题交流看法。与会人士就两国关系发表了建设性的见解 ,提出了不少有创意的建议。作为增进两国之间理解与交流的桥梁 ,论坛已经开始并将继续发挥积极作用。由来　去年 5月 ,印度总统纳拉亚南在访华时与江泽民主席达成共识 ,成立一个由两国各界知名人士组成的“名人论坛”,发挥“政府咨询机构的作用”,积极探讨解决相互关切的问题…     

Propagating the New Zealand ideal

From 1829 to the 1860s, Edward Gibbon Wakefield applied domestic ideas of reform to the British Empire and successfully mobilized public opinion in favor of continued British imperial endeavors. Through a widespread dissemination of literature, Wakefield and his New Zealand Company reshaped British imperial ideas. The success of the Company's organized public and political campaign encouraged settlers to travel to New Zealand and mobilized public opinion in favor of the colonization of New Zealand. The Company's renewed propaganda in the mid-1840s saved their own efforts, and also changed the public and political discourse of imperialism. By the late 1840s, newspapers, journals, and Parliamentary Debates were no longer discussing if colonization should occur, but rather what British colonial practice should include.     

新西兰印象

在新西兰,当那种原始的野性的大自然气息迎面扑来的时候,你会觉得自己就是大自然中的普通的一员,是一个和其他动物并无任何区分的动物。这是在新西兰旅行时我最强烈的感受。     

Children of Divorced Parents in Demographic Perspective

The rise in the number of children with divorced parents has been associated with many other demographic changes. Among the changes discussed are the increasing proportion of children under 18 who are of school age; who live with a stepparent; who spend some time in a one-parent family; whose divorced parent has a college education; and who live with an unmarried couple. A projected one-third of the children 18 years of age in 1990 will have lived with a divorced parent. It is assumed that the rate of divorce will increase more slowly in the next decade than in the last decade.     

New Zealand perceptions of America: The teaching of American history/American studies in New Zealand universities

New Zealand perceptions of the United States and Americans come from several sources. World War II views of the United States as the savior of that country began to change in the Vietnam War era and have worsened in the 1980s over the Nuclear ship controversy. The author has probed the teaching og United States History/ American Studies for evidence of the current state of New Zealand perceptions among university professors and their students. He contends that the teaching of United States history in New Zealand both reflects and molds attitudes about America and Americans. Study of America is popular among students. Their media-dominated views are usually changed by academic study of the states. There is evidence of differing views of America among New Zealand generations. The author maintains that study of the United States is neglected in New Zealand.     

Renting in New Zealand: perspectives from tenant advocates

Currently, around a third of New Zealand’s households, and half its population live in rental accommodation. The proportion of tenant households is growing. Tenant advocates, who are a first port of call for tenants experiencing difficulties in their housing situation, can provide unique insight into the experience of renting in New Zealand. This article presents key themes generated from semi-structured interviews with tenant advocates. Tenants are confronted with issues of poor housing quality, insecure housing, high rents relative to income, lack of autonomy, and difficulty asserting their legislative rights. These aspects of renting in New Zealand are likely to have adverse effects on health. Tenant advocates play an important role in supporting tenants to better housing. Their knowledge of the relationship between a landlord and tenant, particularly in times of trouble, means they can provide unique perspectives on policy solutions.     

Substance misuse stories among Pacific peoples in New Zealand

This paper examines the oral stories of Pacific people attending addiction treatment services in Auckland, New Zealand who were participating in a larger study exploring the validity of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. (ASSIST). A Talanoa approach was used by interviewers to help gain an understanding of the factors associated with participants’ substance misuse. Interviewers made notes of the stories they heard. Fifty participants were interviewed and expressed concerns related to how their substance use was influenced by their peers (66%, n?=?33), the environment they were living in (60%, n?=?30), and their family (50%, n?=?25). Sixteen participants provided detailed narratives of their lived experiences that permitted further in-depth analysis. Thematic analysis of these narratives revealed five interrelated themes; introduction to drugs and alcohol, family dynamics access to drugs, attempts at giving up, and motivation to stop. The use of a Talanoa approach, whilst administering a screening tool, such as the ASSIST, allows for a more in-depth exploration of an individual’s substance use. The information gathered would allow those working with Pacific people who misuse alcohol and/or drugs to develop culturally appropriate interventions.     

The relationship between ethnicity and fertility in New Zealand

While there is a global shift towards smaller families, some groups maintain relatively high fertility rates. The 2013 New Zealand census data were used to investigate the nature of fertility between ethnicities in New Zealand. The NZ Deprivation Index 2013 was used as a measure of socioeconomic status to determine the relationships with fertility. The results mirror research outside of New Zealand in that socioeconomic status is inversely correlated to fertility. Using crude average fertility rates, sole-ethnicity Pasifika and Māori ethnic groups still have substantially higher fertility than sole-ethnicity Europeans and Asians ethnic groups, even when simultaneously accounting for age, socioeconomic status, education, and religious affiliation. Christians have more children than individuals reportedly without any religion, and fertility rates drop on average for mothers who have higher formal qualifications. Our findings suggest that cultural, or other ethnic-specific factors differentially affect fertility for Māori, Pasifika, New Zealand European, and Asians as aggregated ethnic categories, respectively.     

The geography of deprivation in New Zealand by electorate

ABSTRACT

In the run-up to the 2017 General Election, the economy, housing, health, education, inequality and justice were important policy issues. General Elections are a time when voters exercise their democratic right to vote for their preferred party and parliamentary candidate to represent themselves, their whānau and community. In many cases, political parties’ policies seek to improve the wellbeing of people who are living in more deprived communities, but people in deprived communities are typically less likely to vote. The recently released New Zealand Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) enables users to explore deprivation in electorates across the country. This paper compares the distribution of deprivation and voter turnout across a selection of General Electoral Districts (GEDs) and demonstrates that while overall patterns of deprivation may be similar between GEDs, the drivers of these patterns can differ immensely.     

The challenges of safety improvement in New Zealand public hospitals

Patient Safety is central to the New Zealand (NZ) health strategy. However international experience shows that safety improvement work frequently fails to meet its objectives. This article provides a qualitative account of the challenges of safety improvement from the perspective of nurses, doctors, and managers in three departments in two NZ public hospitals. These staff described significant tensions in relation to engagement and organisational capacity. An analysis of their perspectives through the Organising for Quality model [Bate et al. 2008, Organising for quality: The improvement journeys of leading hospitals in Europe and the United States, Oxford & New York, Radcliffe Publishing] highlights the significance of failures at the level of structure, culture, politics, motivation and infrastructure.