中国情境下工作场所无礼行为的结构探讨

运用文献法及访谈法收集条目,采用问卷调查法收集数据,并用探索性因素分析及方差分析对数据进行处理,首次在中国情境下采用实证方法探讨工作场所无礼行为的结构。研究结果表明,工作场所无礼行为由孤立疏远、背后造谣、敌意对待、侵犯隐私及滥用权力5个维度构成;雇员在遭受无礼行为时受性别、年龄、职务及学历的影响。     

工作场所偏离行为的研究发展回顾及展望

工作场所偏离行为是企业普遍存在的亟待解决的问题,但国内的学术界对此议题的研究相对匮乏。该文献整理了工作场所偏离行为研究的发展的三个阶段:早期零散研究阶段、起步阶段和发展阶段,借以加深学术界对这一组织行为学新兴的研究议题的理解和重视。     

情商模型在工作场所的应用

近年来,工作场所中攻击性或破坏性行为的普遍性及其所带来的成本越来越受到人们的关注.本研究的目的就在于开发出一个模型来描述工作场所的攻击性或破坏性行为与情商之间的关系情商可以作为工作场所行为选择的调节器,情商的五个要素自知之明、自我调节、自我激励、同情心、社交技能程度的高低会影响由某一触发事件引起的行为选择.研究还对模型在工作场所中的具体应用提供了建议.     

工作场所偏差行为概念发展与辨析

工作场所偏差行为是指员工违反重要组织规范、给组织以及组织成员带来负面影响的自愿性行为，是近年来组织行为学研究的热点。本文通过文献回顾，对工作场所偏差行为的概念发展进行总结，并对负面行为相关研究中繁杂的概念进行辨析。     

职场无礼行为的溢出效应、交叉效应及防避对策

职场无礼行为是一种意图模糊的人际越轨行为,对行为主体与行为客体都会造成影响。职场无礼行为具有很强的污染性,如果不能有效制止,该行为的影响范围就会扩大,从而产生职场无礼行为的溢出效应与交叉效应。为此,领导者要率先避免职场无礼行为,并积极通过CREW干预营造组织文明氛围,加强干预职场无礼行为保障机制,避免职场无礼行为的消极影响,降低管理成本,提升员工积极体验。     

工作场所乐趣对员工创新行为的作用机制研究

  创造有趣的工作环境已经成为重要的管理手段,不少组织通过设计和引导工作场所乐趣,提高员工的工作满意度并有效地缓解情绪衰竭。在中国制造向中国创造转变的背景下,工作场所乐趣为激发员工创新行为提供了新颖的视角。然而,工作场所乐趣的学术研究仍处于起步阶段,实证研究不足,工作场所乐趣与员工创新行为之间关系的研究更是匮乏。         基于情感事件理论和资源保存理论,从情感和资源双重视角建构理论模型,分析不同维度的工作场所乐趣对员工创新行为的影响机制,深入探讨乐趣体验和工作繁荣的中介作用。通过两阶段的问卷调查,收集贵州、山东和上海等地区10家企业共计383份有效样本,基于Mplus 7.0,采用结构方程模型和bootstrapping方法,验证提出的理论假设。         研究结果表明,①乐趣活动和同事社交对员工创新行为均有显著正向影响,个人自由对员工创新行为的作用不显著;②乐趣活动通过乐趣体验和工作繁荣两条中介路径影响员工创新行为;③同事社交仅通过工作繁荣间接影响员工创新行为;④个人自由则经由乐趣体验间接影响员工创新行为。         研究结果揭示了乐趣活动、同事社交、个人自由通过乐趣体验和工作繁荣对员工创新行为的不同影响路径,不仅支持和验证了不同维度的工作场所乐趣具有差异化作用的学术观点,丰富了工作场所乐趣的理论研究,还为员工创新行为的进一步研究提供了新视角。研究结论对组织管理实践有一定启示,管理者应积极开展乐趣活动促进员工间的互动来打造有趣的工作场所,但要谨慎看待个人自由。同时要注意工作场所乐趣对员工的乐趣体验和工作繁荣的引导,从而有效地促进创新行为。     

基于主动性人格调节作用的工作场所不文明行为危害研究

采用配对问卷调查法,以北京55家企业的457名员工为对象,探讨了工作场所不文明行为对员工态度和行为的影响以及主动性人格的调节作用。研究结果表明,工作场所不文明行为遭遇会严重损害员工的人际公平感、程序公平感和情感承诺,显著降低工作绩效、增加越轨行为。此外,主动性人格一方面会增强不文明行为对员工态度(公平感和情感承诺)的影响;另一方面,会减弱不文明行为对员工行为(绩效和越轨行为)的影响。具体而言,相对于低主动性员工,不文明行为对于高主动性员工的危害会更多地隐含于内在态度中,而非直接表现于外在行为上。     

不道德行为在组织管理中的“涓滴”效应

基于“涓滴”效应框架和社会学习理论,本文构建一个“高层领导者—中层领导者—基层员工”逐级影响的多层次有调节的中介模型,检验不道德行为的“涓滴”效应。针对某高新技术产业园区的企业,收集了87个团队共450名员工的多时点上下级追踪配对数据。研究表明：高层领导者不道德行为对中层领导者不道德行为存在显著的正向影响,中层领导者不道德行为对基层员工工作场所偏离存在显著的正向影响;中层领导者不道德行为在高层领导者不道德行为影响基层员工工作场所偏离的过程中起中介作用;上下级社会交换正向调节了下属的学习效果。本文丰富了不道德行为在组织中的传播机制研究,同时也启示领导者“以身作则”式管理的重要性。最后,讨论了贡献、局限和有待进一步研究的问题。     

基于情绪中介机制的辱虐管理与偏差行为

理清偏差行为的成因和动机机制是偏差行为研究的焦点,但基于本土企业的实证研究相对较少。从员工工作场所情绪感受的视角,应用情感事件理论,探讨消极情绪在辱虐管理与组织偏差行为和主管偏差行为间的中介效应,并比较辱虐管理对两类偏差行为影响的差异性。通过对19家企业、180名管理者和360名下属的配对研究,采用阶层回归进行分析。研究结果表明,辱虐管理显著正向影响两类偏差行为,但员工展现两类偏差行为的倾向并不等同,即员工展现组织偏差行为的倾向强于主管偏差行为的倾向;消极情绪是偏差行为的诱发动机,显著正向影响员工的组织偏差行为和主管偏差行为,并部分中介辱虐管理与两类偏差行为间的关系。     

参与式领导行为的作用机制:来自不同组织的实证分析

分析参与式领导行为的作用机制对领导行为研究和组织激励有重要的现实意义。本研究考察了参与式领导行为通过心理授权的中介作用影响员工满意度和组织承诺的作用机制。通过对事业单位行政工作人员、企业一线员工和科研机构的科研人员3组样本共545人进行问卷调查,结果显示:首先,基于激励模型的参与式领导行为作用机制的假设得到验证;其次,不同类型组织中参与式领导行为的作用机制不同,对行政员工而言,参与式领导行为通过工作意义和工作影响力影响员工的满意度,通过工作意义影响员工的组织承诺;对企业一线员工而言,参与式领导行为通过工作意义和工作影响力影响员工的满意度,通过工作意义、工作自主性和工作影响力影响员工的组织承诺;对于普通科研人员,参与式领导行为通过工作意义和工作自主权影响员工的满意度,通过工作意义、工作能力和工作影响力影响员工的组织承诺。     

Social sexual behavior at work

Organizational leaders and scholars have long regarded social sexual behavior in the workplace as deviant, harassing in nature, and something that organizations must eliminate to ensure maximal performance. Regardless of this perspective, however, social sexual behavior is an inescapable feature of human interaction that cannot be completely controlled in organizations. Moreover, there are many aspects of social sexual behavior that have not been considered or granted enough research attention to entirely warrant the broad assumption that social sexual behavior is always problematic to organizations and individuals. In the current paper, we highlight these under-researched or ignored facets of social sexual behavior. First, we consider the potential buffering effects that consensual social sexual behavior at work can offer to those involved, in terms of protecting them from the negative impact of workplace stressors. Next, we discuss the ways in which social sexual behavior is used as a tool of social influence at work. Finally, we consider the role of social sexual behavior at work as a precursor to the development of romantic relationships among employees. Throughout this discussion, we highlight both the potential benefits and drawbacks of engaging in social sexual behavior at work rather than adopting the perspective that all social sexual behavior at work is harmful. We encourage future research to consider all angles when investigating social sexual behavior at work, so as not to be completely detached from the reality that social sexual behavior can be consensual and sometimes enjoyed.     

Influences of individual-related factors and job satisfaction on workplace deviant behaviour among support personnel in Malaysian public service organizations

Workplace deviance has become pervasive in most organizations today. This cross-sectional study examines the influences of individual-related factors and job satisfaction on workplace deviance behaviour among 429 support personnel in Malaysian public service organizations. Samples were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The findings of the study indicated that agreeableness, negative affectivity, conscientiousness, emotional intelligence and job satisfaction predicted the organizational deviant behaviour. The same variables, except for emotional intelligence, also correlated to interpersonal deviant behaviour. Implications and suggestion for future research are discussed.     

Learner Engagement: A New Perspective for Enhancing Our Understanding of Learner Motivation and Workplace Learning

Abstract

Organizations invest millions of dollars in workplace learning programs to develop human capital for competitive advantage. The effectiveness of workplace learning programs is directly linked to learner motivation. However, we contend that our current understanding of learner motivation and workplace learning is limited by the tendency to conduct research based on the traditional instructional system design model and the limited adoption of organizational behavior theories to guide such research. We propose that studying workforce learning from a psychological engagement perspective is necessary to gain a better understanding of learner motivation and subsequent knowledge and skill acquisition. We review studies of learning methods and contextual factors that likely influence learner engagement. We propose a research agenda focusing on six directions for future research.     

Interference Phenomena in Temporal Evolution of Accident Probability in Workplaces

The aim of this article is to investigate some implications of complexity in workplace risk assessment. Workplace is examined as a complex system, and some of its attributes and aspects of its behavior are investigated. Failure probability of various workplace elements is examined as a time variable and interference phenomena of these probabilities are presented. Potential inefficiencies of common perceptions in applying probabilistic risk assessment models are also discussed. This investigation is conducted through mathematical modeling and qualitative examples of workplace situations. A mathematical model for simulation of the evolution of workplace accident probability in time is developed. Its findings are then attempted to be translated in real-world terms and discussed through simple examples of workplace situations. The mathematical model indicates that workplace is more likely to exhibit an unpredictable behavior. Such a behavior raises issues about usual key assumptions for the workplace, such as aggregation. Chaotic phenomena (nonlinear feedback mechanisms) are also investigated for in simple workplace systems cases. The main conclusions are (1) that time is an important variable for risk assessment, since behavior patterns are complex and unpredictable in the long term and (2) that workplace risk identification should take place in a holistic view (not by work post).     

Motivating deference: Employees' perception of authority legitimacy as a mediator of supervisor motivating styles and employee work-related outcomes

The two studies presented here examine the extent to which perceived authority legitimacy mediates the association between supervisors' motivating styles and subordinates' work-related outcomes. From the perspective of the self-determination theory (SDT), we examined two supervisory motivating styles: the autonomy-supportive style that nurtures employees' inner motivational resources and the controlling style in which supervisors pressure their employees to behave in specific manager-directed ways. Perceived authority legitimacy was defined according to the Relational Model of Authority (RMA). The results of Study 1 (n?=?191) showed that the autonomy-supportive motivating style, but not the controlling style, was associated with employees' work satisfaction, commitment, and burnout through legitimacy. These results were replicated in Study 2 (n?=?314), even after controlling for task-autonomous and controlled motivation, and extended to other reported employee behavioral outcomes such as organizational citizenship behavior, deviant behavior, and conflicts within the workplace. Taken together, the results suggest that the effectiveness of the autonomy-supportive motivating style is partly due to its association with volitional deference to authority. The paper concludes by discussing theoretical implications of integrating SDT with RMA and the practical implications of the findings.     

Behavioural Outcomes of Psychological Contract Breach in a Non‐Western Culture: The Moderating Role of Equity Sensitivity*

This study tests the effects of psychological contract breach on several employee outcomes: workplace deviant behaviours directed at the organization (WD‐O) and its organizational members (WD‐I), in‐role performance, and organizational citizenship behaviours directed at the organization (OCB‐O) and its co‐workers (OCB‐I). It also examines the moderating effects of equity sensitivity in the relationship between breach and these outcomes. Data were collected from 162 sales executives and their direct supervisors. We found that breach was related to all behavioural outcomes. Equity sensitivity and breach also interacted in predicting OCB‐I, OCB‐O and WD‐I. The negative relationships between breach and OCB‐O and OCB‐I were stronger for employees with an outcome‐focused approach to organizational relationships than for those with an input‐focused approach. In addition, breach had stronger positive effects on WD‐I especially for those individuals who are output‐oriented compared to those who are input‐focused.     

Don't Screw the Crew: Exploring the Rules of Engagement in Organizational Romance

Thirty years ago sociological research began to discover what workplace romance might mean for the participants. Since then management research has tended to adopt a functionalist approach, using survey methods, or third‐party approaches to ask about company policy and negative consequences of workplace romance, warning of the dangers and consequences of romance and offering solutions for managers on how to deal with this potential problem. Drawing on the sexuality of organization and critical literature, and adopting a position of constructivist structuralism with a qualitative research method, this research looks at how the concept of workplace romance is defined and negotiated within a public‐house setting. It examines the ‘rules of engagement’, the personal experiences and views of both managers and workers, as well as first‐hand stories of workplace romance. Romance was conceptualized as ‘natural’ and something that could not be legislated for, where unwritten rules were defined but often ignored. However, the ‘rules of engagement’ emerged as favouring particular groups depending on gender, position in the hierarchy and sexual identity. Subjective value judgements are made, often resting on gendered assumptions of male and female behaviour.     

Organizational identification and workplace behavior: More than meets the eye

Organizational identification is a theoretically profound and practically important construct. It fundamentally transforms the relationship between employees and their work organizations, because highly identified employees integrate their organizational memberships with their sense of who they are. This transformation enhances highly identified employees’ work performance and contributions to the organization. However, despite considerable research on the benefits of organizational identification for employee behavior, theorizing about this effect and its underlying mechanisms remains underdeveloped. In particular, there has not been sufficient theoretical development regarding the specific types of work behaviors that follow from organizational identification, the psychological mechanisms that underlie these behavioral consequences, or observers’ evaluations of these behaviors and those enacting them. To address these issues, we present a framework of the behavioral consequences of organizational identification as well as observers’ reactions to them. Our framework highlights two distinct motivational orientations that underlie organizational identification, one that reliably leads to conformist work behaviors and one that may lead to deviant work behaviors that violate the status quo to advance organizational interests. Moreover, our framework highlights that reactions to these behaviors will differ depending on the organization’s emphasis on means versus ends. Overall, we emphasize that the benefits of organizational identification for work behavior are not as straightforward or as widely recognized as implied in prior research.