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1.
Kræn Blume Mette Ejrnæs Helena Skyt Nielsen Allan Würtz 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):881-908
In developed countries, immigrants are more likely to be nonemployed and self-employed compared to natives. Based on register
data of male immigrants in Denmark, we performed a detailed investigation of the immigrant–native difference in transition
patterns across labor market states. We find that a high proportion of immigrants from non-Western countries tend to be marginalized
relative to natives, and they tend to use self-employment to escape marginalization.
相似文献
Allan WürtzEmail: |
2.
Too many migrants, too few services: a model of decision-making on immigration and integration with cultural distance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We model the political demand for immigrants as a trade-off that native voters face between having services, assumed to be
produced only by unskilled and nonassimilated immigrants, and experiencing disutility due to the immigrant workers having
a culture different from the native culture. Immigrants decide whether to integrate into the native culture. We show that
if services are priced according to per unit costs, the market demand for immigrants will exceed the political demand. Market
forces then lead to higher services prices, implying that the initially allowed number of immigrants is ‘politically’ too
large.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
3.
Theodore Palivos 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):131-144
This paper analyzes the welfare effect of illegal immigration on the host country within a dynamic general equilibrium framework
and shows that it is positive for two reasons. First, immigrants are paid less than their marginal product, and second, after
an increase in immigration, domestic households find it optimal to increase their holdings of capital. It is also shown that
dynamic inefficiency may arise, despite the fact that the model is of the Ramsey type. Nevertheless, the introduction of a
minimum wage, which leads to job competition between domestic unskilled workers and immigrants reverses all of the above results.
相似文献
Theodore PalivosEmail: |
4.
Minorities such as ethnic and immigration groups have often been subject to exclusion through labor market discrimination, residential and employment segregation policies, business ownership regulations, restrictions on political participation, access to public services, and more. This paper studies the dynamics of minority exclusion. From the viewpoint of the dominant majority, the exclusion decision balances the motive to redistribute income in its favor and the interest in avoiding potential civic unrest or even violent confrontation with the minority. The analysis also has implications for immigration policies, suggesting that they have to take this group dynamics into account.
相似文献
Maurice SchiffEmail: |
5.
This paper characterizes vulnerable workers in Canada and the federal jurisdiction, based upon characteristics such as employment
status, demographic characteristics, and job characteristics, and identifies areas in which labour standards may have a role.
Based on this analysis, the paper evaluates the potential for labour standards to address economic vulnerability, focusing
on labour standards policies aimed at wages and benefits, hours, and employment arrangements. In addition, the analysis considers
the extent to which labour standards are likely to reach vulnerable workers. The results suggest several potential roles for
labour standards and highlights policy implications.
相似文献
George A. SlotsveEmail: |
6.
Asadul Islam 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):199-217
This paper examines the substitutability or complementarity between Canadian-born and immigrant workers. These are examined
by estimating a set of wage equations using a generalized Leontief production function. The paper finds that, in general,
there is no displacement of Canadian-born workers by immigrants. Recent immigrants affect the native-born positively, while
older immigrants are neither substitute nor complement for natives. However, the effects differ across industries. Overall,
the evidence that immigrants harm the opportunities of native-born workers is scant.
相似文献
Asadul IslamEmail: |
7.
We propose a method for computing indicators of the relative success of local authorities at integrating new immigrants in
the labour market, taking account of differences in characteristics of immigrants and local labour markets. The indicator
for integration success is based on mean duration from date of residence permit to start of an employment spell. We apply
this method to a Danish administrative dataset. Correcting for differences in immigrant characteristics and local labour market
conditions has an important impact on the estimated ranking of local authorities. We investigate how robust the ranking is
with respect to changes in the specification of criteria for integration success and controls.
相似文献
Eskil HeinesenEmail: |
8.
This paper studies natives’ economically motivated preferences over different levels of immigration of low-income earners. Immigration affects natives through both intra- and intergenerational redistribution programmes and in the labour market. Our analysis suggests, in a welfare state that looks after the poor and the aged, economic motivation does not necessarily lead a native to have an extreme opinion on the preferable level of immigration, although it causes disagreement among natives. We find, regardless of parameter values, high-income earners prefer at least as much immigration as low-income earners who, in turn, prefer at least as much immigration as pensioners. The median voter is then likely to be a low-income native.
相似文献
Yuji TamuraEmail: Fax: +44-24-76523032 |
9.
Michael Haan 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(6):751-771
In recent years, successive cohorts of immigrants to Canada have experienced a striking level of deterioration in their economic
well-being. At the same time, more immigrants than ever before are choosing to live in Montréal, Toronto, or Vancouver, Canada’s
three-first-tier or ‘gateway cities’. This paper uses instrumental variable regression techniques to determine the extent
to which gateway city clustering is related to immigrant economic well-being. It identifies whether employment status, earnings,
and employment suitability would significantly improve if more immigrants chose to live outside of Canada’s three gateway
cities. The results suggest that, for the most part, although immigrants do worse than the native-born in gateway cities,
they do experience marginally higher earnings than their non-gateway counterparts. Income and unemployment rates are higher
for immigrants in gateway cities than they are for the native-born, but the gateway/non-gateway disparity is minimal. Levels
of employment mismatch are substantially higher in gateway cities, compared to both the gateway city native-born population,
and non-gateway immigrants. An analysis of the data shows that only marginal improvements to economic well-being would result
from an increase in non-gateway immigration, and that there are other factors, like race or skin colour, that seem to be more
closely linked to labour market success.
相似文献
Michael HaanEmail: |
10.
Are there gender and country of origin differences in immigrant labor market outcomes across European destinations? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The 1994–2000 waves of the European Community Household Panel are used to study the earnings of immigrants as compared to
native workers in 15 European countries. At the time of arrival, there is a significant negative partial effect of foreign
birth on individual earnings compared to the native born in the destination of around 40%. These differences vary across origins
and destinations and by gender. Immigrant earnings catch-up to those of the native born after around 18 years in the destination.
Schooling matters more for earnings for women, whereas, language skills are relatively more important for men.
相似文献
Barry R. ChiswickEmail: |
11.
How to partly bounce back the struggle against illegal immigration to the source countries 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Recent models on the dynamics of immigration control claim that tightening internal borders may trigger the formation of networks supporting clandestine foreign workers. This may, in turn, increase the overall stock of illegal immigrants in the economy. One possible solution to this threatening situation might be to partly bounce back the struggle against illegal immigration to the source countries. This paper suggests that under certain conditions, the receiving country should direct some of the resources earmarked for coping with the problem of the illegal flow of workers to financially supporting the source countries, allowing them to compete among themselves for such aid. This support would be allocated according to the relative effort made by each source country in curbing illegal immigration, thereby motivating them to moderate the phenomenon. The model is also applicable to other fields of negative externalities, such as the smuggling of drugs and weapons, terrorism, and pollution.
相似文献
Tikva LeckerEmail: |
12.
We estimate models of employment an earnings for a sample of white and non-white male immigrants drawn from the Labour Force
Survey between 1993 and 2004. Immigrants who arrived to enter the labour market (labour market entrants) are distinguished
from those who arrived to complete their education (education entrants). Diverse patterns of labour market assimilation are
found depending on ethnicity and immigrant type. Amongst labour market entrants, whites do better than non-whites, whilst
amongst education entrants, highly qualified prime-age non-whites perform as well as their white counterparts. Relative to
white natives, labour market outcomes for all immigrant groups have a tendency to decline with age.
相似文献
Joanne LindleyEmail: |
13.
This paper discusses the question of whether or not the high incidence of poverty among immigrants in Norway persists even
after immigrants have been in the country for a long period, i.e. after they have had the opportunity to integrate and adapt
their skills to the expectations in their new home. While similar to traditional studies of wage assimilation, a study of
assimilation in relation to poverty propensity nevertheless measures something different than labor market assimilation, and
this represents the main innovation of this study. Analysis of assimilation with respect to poverty focuses on welfare for
the lower end of the income distribution and for all individuals, regardless of their relationship with the labor market.
It can therefore be seen to better reflect the degree to which immigrants as a whole are able to achieve at least the minimum
necessary to participate in the life of their new home and avoid difficulties later on.
相似文献
Rolf AabergeEmail: |
14.
We present longitudinal survey data suggesting that the terrorist attacks in the USA on September 11, 2001, changed attitudes
toward certain minorities in Sweden. This finding is consistent with results in previous studies. To investigate whether this
change in attitudes also affected the labor market situation of these minorities, we study unemployment exit around 9-11 using
detailed data on the entire Swedish working-age population. Contrary to what may be expected from many theories of labor market
discrimination, the time pattern of exits and entries for different ethnic groups, as well as difference-in-differences analyses,
shows no sign of increased discrimination toward these minorities. A possible explanation for this result is that employers
act rationally in their hiring decisions and do not respond to changes in attitudes toward immigrants as a group.
相似文献
Dan-Olof Rooth (Corresponding author)Email: |
15.
Wen-Jen Tsay 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):749-767
The social status and well-being of political immigrants’ children are seldom touched upon in literature. This paper focuses on the impact of refugee experience on the relative educational attainment of second-generation immigrants in Taiwan. In contrast with the results in van Ours and Veenman (J Popul Econ 16(4):739–753, 2003) and Riphahn (J Popul Econ 16(4):711–737, 2003) who showed that second-generation immigrants lag behind their native counterparts, this paper’s principle finding is that the father’s immigration status can help his children achieve a higher educational qualification than native Taiwanese after controlling the relevant determinants of educational attainment, including parental background and the neighborhood where the interviewee grows up. In addition, women born in the earlier cohort benefit more by their fathers’ immigration status than their male counterparts do. However, Taiwanese schooling advances across generations are impressive, whereby the gap in schooling attainment between second-generation immigrants and native Taiwanese is found to decline over time.
相似文献
Wen-Jen TsayEmail: Fax: +886-2-27853946 |
16.
Helge Sanner 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):119-136
Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers who are covered
by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework that is amenable to an analysis
of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results
suggest that the so-called “union wage gap” is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains and, to
a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
相似文献
Helge SannerEmail: |
17.
The influence of wages on parents’ allocations of time to child care and market work in the United Kingdom 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Charlene M. Kalenkoski David C. Ribar Leslie S. Stratton 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):399-419
We use time-diary data on couples with children from the 2000 United Kingdom Time Use Survey to examine the impacts of own
and partner’s wages on parents’ provision of child care and market work on weekdays and on weekends and holidays. We find
that increases in partners’ wages increase women’s primary care on all days and decrease their market work on weekdays, while
increases in women’s own wages increase their market work on weekdays. There is little evidence that men’s time use responds
to changes in their own wages. However, an increase in men’s partners’ wages increases men’s passive child-care time on weekends
and reduces their market-work time on weekends.
相似文献
Leslie S. Stratton |
18.
We describe the functioning of a two-region economy characterized by asymmetric wage setting. Labour market tightness in the
leading-region affects wages in the whole economy. In equilibrium, net labour demand shifts towards the leading region raise
unemployment elsewhere and leave regional wages unchanged, causing an increase in aggregate unemployment. Based on SHIW micro-data
on earnings, we find strong evidence that wages in Italy only respond to Northern unemployment. We estimate that around 33%
of the increase in Italian unemployment during 1977–1998 can be explained by regional mismatch, mainly due to an excess labour
supply growth in the South.
相似文献
Barbara Petrongolo (Corresponding author)Email: |
19.
Sarit Cohen-Goldner Chemi Gotlibovski Nava Kahana 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):983-1003
This paper presents a two-period human capital investment model, which is used to study the optimal investment decisions of
credit-constrained married immigrants relative to single immigrants and native couples facing a perfect capital market. The
model predicts that: (1) The comparative advantage in investment in local skills of one of the spouses may emerge from his/her
higher growth rate of imported human capital. (2) The optimal investment of each spouse is non-increasing in the level of
imported human capital of the spouse with the comparative advantage in investment, while it is non-decreasing in the level
of imported human capital of the other spouse. (3) When two immigrants get married, the spouse with the comparative advantage
in investment invests more than when he/she was single whereas the other spouse invests less.
相似文献
Nava KahanaEmail: |
20.
The dynamics of immigrant welfare and labor market behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes transitions into and out of social assistance, unemployment, and employment. We estimate a dynamic multinomial
logit model, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using a large representative Swedish
panel data set. The empirical results suggest that particularly refugee immigrants display a greater degree of “structural”
state dependence than natives. The high welfare participation rates among refugee immigrants may be due to the existence of
a “welfare trap”, while participation among natives and non-refugee immigrants is largely due to permanent unobserved characteristics.
These results suggest that welfare reforms may have differential effects on refugee immigrants and natives.
相似文献
Magnus LofstromEmail: |