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水资源缺乏是21世纪人类面临的最为严峻的资源问题之一.联合国早在1977年2月就向全世界发出警告--"水危机不久将成为一个重要的全球性危机".如今,全世界面临水资源危机,产生水危机的原因主要包括用水量急剧增加、水污染、水资源开发不合理、浪费严重等几个方面.将处理过的工业、城市污水回收利用作为城市第二水源,使污水资源化,以解决水资源的短缺问题,是缓解城市用水紧张以及控制水污染的一条有效途径.我国是一个水资源匮乏的国家,人均水资源占有量仅为0.22万~0.27万立方米,是世界平均水平的1/4,列世界第88位.随着经济发展和城市化进程的加快,城市缺水问题日益突出,相当一部分城市水资源短缺.据统计,全国669个城市中,400多个城市常年供水不足,其中110个城市严重缺水. 相似文献
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一、引言
近年来,由于地表水短缺,滨海新区地下水开采量大幅超过可开采量,造成大面积地面沉陷,部分地区甚至出现海水倒灌现象,水质受到严重污染。淡水资源短缺已成为限制滨海新区发展的重要瓶颈之一。以高新技术为支柱的海水淡化产业,因其不仅可以补充淡水资源,而且能够充分利用海洋资源,降低海水淡化成本,受到世界各国的广泛重视。 相似文献
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一、持续性是可持续发展的特征值
可持续发展是世纪话题,持续性是可持续发展的重要特征.资源持续利用是可持续发展不可或缺的物质基础,持续性就成为评估资源持续利用的重要内容.自从1962年美国海洋生物学家R·卡尔逊(R·Carson)的<寂静的春天>问世以来,人类开始关注地球生态系统的平衡和资源合理利用问题,世界上每年有600万公顷生态生产力土地荒漠化,1700万公顷林地在消失,17000种生物绝种,这一切归结为人类对地球资源的过度开发和过度消费,以及过度生产废弃物,均超过了生态安全阂限.时至今日,当今世界上20%人口享受空前的富裕,他们大部分居住在北半球,与此同时,尚有20%人口的所得相当于全球人均所得的1.4%并承受着长期营养不良的痛苦. 相似文献
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一、前言目前,中国拥有全球20%的人口,但拥有的淡水总量仅占全球的7%。中国是全球水资源最为匮乏的国家之一,水资源问题已成为关乎中国发展的至关重要的问题。中国作为全球第二大经济体面临着日益严峻的地下水位不断下降和缺水的困境。随着中国经济的增长,这一问题已变得更为突出。城市生活用水一般占城市总用水量的40% 相似文献
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加拿大拥有丰富多样的自然资源,包括大量的水资源、太阳能、风力资源以及生物资源,这些都是发展绿色能源产业的天然原料.加拿大是全球可再生能源研究和利用大国,全国约有17%的初级能源来自可再生能源.加拿大的可再生资源主要来自水电和木材.水电约占加拿大初级能源供应的11%.事实上加拿大的水电是其电力供应的主要来源,约占全国总发电量的2/3.2008年,加拿大成为了世界上第12个建立了超过2000兆瓦风力发电产能设施的国家,截止年底建立的产能总计为2369兆瓦. 相似文献
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Patrick Trent Greiner 《Sociology Compass》2020,14(5)
One of the most pressing challenges faced by the global community in the 21st century is the need to extend potable water access to more than 2 billion people across the planet. Debates concerning how such a project should be undertaken have centered on whether or not water utility systems would be more effectively managed and extended under private ownership than they might be under public ownership models. In this article I explore this issue, providing an overview of recent research concerning the ways in which community water system ownership regimes succeed, and fail, in their attempts to provide access to readily available potable water for as much of the population as is possible. In the course of doing so I provide a discussion of the form that debates over privatization of water resources have taken, as well as how the act of privatization has been found to impact access to water systems and the quality of the service they provide. Ultimately, I explain that, while creative solutions to the water access crisis are clearly necessary, privatization appears to be an inadequate and often counterproductive means of addressing the issue. 相似文献
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水是生命之源,水是经济社会发展不可缺少的战略物资,水资源的可持续利用,支撑着经济社会的可持续发展.随着天津市经济社会的发展,水资源问题日趋突出.能否实现水资源可持续利用的目标,主要取决于人类生产、生活行为和用水方式的选择,因此,强化水资源管理是关键环节. 相似文献
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从2004年初开始,天津市供水管理处在全市开展了城市供水水质督察工作,经过一年多的研究和实践,取得了很好的效果,受到了建设部城建司和天津市建委的肯定以及社会各界的好评.下面结合天津实际,谈谈我对城市供水水质督察工作的认识与体会. 相似文献
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C Bugle S Andrew J Heath 《Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services》1992,30(11):31-34
1. It has been estimated that between 3% and 6% of patients in psychiatric treatment settings are affected by water intoxication. Water intoxication with consequent hyponatremia can result in disturbing clinical conditions. 2. Early detection is an important factor because of the insidious nature and rapid development of this syndrome. 3. A risk analysis for the early detection of this serious condition has been developed. It is easily administered and effective in categorizing a patient's level of risk. 相似文献
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中国水资源总量列世界第6位,但由于人口众多,人均年淡水量只有2600立方米,相当于世界人均淡水量的1/3~1/4,只能排到世界的109位,被列为世界13个贫水国 相似文献
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Ahmed Veriava 《Social Dynamics》2020,46(2):323-347
ABSTRACT This article takes up the story of a numerical indicator of system water losses called Non-Revenue Water (NRW), which is becoming an important measure for benchmarking South African Water Service Authorities (WSAs). The aim of this paper is, in the first place, to document the adoption of NRW as a Performance Indicator (PI), showing how it reflects a shift in the domestic regulatory framework in South Africa and the assumed priorities of water managers in line with the dominant governmental rationality in the sector. However, in drawing this discussion towards the theme of commodification I also show that the NRW audit enables a new way of seeing and speaking about “public water,” while the story of its uptake tells us a something about the development of contemporary governmental norms, and the forms of the resistance that shape it. On the one hand then, the article links the enthusiasm for NRW auditing in South Africa to a wider movement in the development and usage of audits and indicators as technologies of government at a distance. On the other hand, and stepping to a higher level of abstraction, I argue that the uptake of NRW must be read in relation to a contested set of processes marked by struggles over the commodification of water, and which sometimes turns up in the numbers. 相似文献
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联合国把2005年~2015年定义为“生命之水国际行动10年”。2007年中国发布了第一部《节水型社会建设规划》,在这个大背景下,节水成为热点话题。笔者试图从2009年水价调整所引发的社会热议分析公众反方意见的成因,思考今后水价和水业改革的方向,以破解节水难题。 相似文献