供应链集成下的企业物资采购管理之浅见

从企业使用信息技术的历史和现状可以看出,供应链集成是企业发展的必然要求,而其中采购管理是其中最重要的一环。供应链管理目的在于追求效率、降低成本、提高对顾客需求的反应速度,在整个供应链条中,采购处于生产车间和供应商之间,沟通生产需求与物资供应能力。本文将对供应链集成模式下,企业物资采购管理的特点与作用进行简要分析与阐述。     

战略采购对企业技术能力的影响研究:网络关系视角的分析

企业技术能力的提升需要选择和集成外部技术源,供应商作为重要外部知识获取途径,有利于促进企业技术能力的提升。企业实施战略采购,制造商与供应商间的联系被嵌入在网络中,为企业技术能力的提升提供了一个满足学习技术的环境。文章从网络关系嵌入视角探讨战略采购对企业技术能力的作用机理,实证研究结果显示战略采购通过网络关系嵌入影响企业的技术学习进而影响企业技术能力。     

从采购环节入手浅谈核电企业采购管理

采购工作是核电厂保证安全质量的重要环节，针对核电工程项目采购的特殊性，本文从采购环节入手分析影响核电企业采购管理的因素，从采购计划编制、潜在供应商的调研、采购方式选择、采购流程固化、合同执行及管理等方面加强采购管理，合理控制采购成本，确保所采购的物项／服务满足核安全法规和设计要求。     

公路工程物资采购管理与成本控制对策

公路工程项目成本的管理工作是整个项目管理工作的重要环节,物资的采购对项目成本的管理具有重要意义。本文通过分析对工程物资采购的采购方式与采购生产耗材与机械设备等材料的管理要点,探讨如何做好物资采购的管理工作并提高工程项目成本的控制效率,以提高施工企业的社会竞争能力。     

浅谈工程总承包业务的现状及对策

<正>一、工程总承包概述工程总承包是指从事工程总承包的企业受业主委托,按照合同约定对工程项目的勘察、设计、采购、施工、试运行(竣工验收)等实行全过程或若干阶段的承包。工程总承包企业对承包工程的质量、安全、工期、造价全面负责。根据工程项目的不同规模、类型和业主要求,工程总承包主要有以下两种方式:1.设计采购施工总承包。它是指工程总承包企业按照合同约定,承担工程项目的设计、采购、施工、试运行服务等工作,并对承包工程的     

EPC总承包项目造价控制与管理

EPC是设计、采购和施工,指工程总承包企业按照合同约定,承担工程项目的设计、采购、施工、试运行服务等工作,并对承包工程的质量、安全、工期、造价全面负责。本文就EPC总承包项目造价控制与管理的相关问题进行了具体的分析。     

谈建筑企业材料管理的重要性

建筑企业的材料管理是包括原材料、半成品、外协件等的采购、验收、标识、储存、保管、发放、库存控制等一系列过程。建筑材料是构成建筑工程实体、建筑工程管理的重要组成部分，是建筑工程管理的重要环节，所以材料管理，在建筑企业中占有重要地位，属于建筑企业生产领域里材料耗用过程的管理，与企业的施工技术管理、施工进度管理、财务成本管理、质量安全管理等其他技术经济管理有密切的关系，是建筑企业项目管理的出发点和落脚点，更是建筑企业实现工程项目进度、质量、安全、成本目标的保障。     

略论在大型工程项目建设中框架采购的应用

框架采购同传统的采购模式相比,节省了程序费用和采购时间,提高了运营效率,满足采购单位的及时性和多样性要求,因此,框架采购在大型工程项目建设中得到了普遍采用。本文介绍了框架采购产生的背景和自身的优势,概述了框架协议程序的使用条件和类型,着重分析了框架采购在工程项目建设应用中能否取得实效的关键因素。     

企业物资需求计划与采购统计分析

物资采购是企业生产环节的起点。物资采购是企业购买所需要的材料、燃料和各种经营管理耗材的活动。采购过程当中需要根据企业生产需要完成进行物资需求计划的制定,以便确定企业生产经营所需要的全部消耗品的总量;在采购之前需要进行统计分析。统计分析的对象包括各种所需物资的价格、数量和质量要求等信息,为实现购买决策奠定信息基础。物资需求计划和采购信息分析共同构成企业购买行为的决策过程。     

大型工程建设项目组织综合集成模式

针对大型工程项目组织现状,应用系统论和综合集成方法,提出了工程项目组织基本原理图。构建了项目组织的十元组模型和十纬度集成理论,并对维度进行分析和归约。在此基础上,建立了工程项目组织集成的逻辑框架、结构框架、运作机制和运作框架,以及集成的组织中人力资源的配置方案,进而提出了宜组织的概念。最后将其应用于工程项目实践中,验证证实取得较好效果。这一大型工程项目组织综合集成模式同样也适合特大型工程项目的组织构造,具有较强的理论先进性和使用价值。     

Exchange rate variations and the behaviour of the purchasing department

When the risk of a devaluation is high this is likely to affect the purchasing behaviour of firms importing goods from abroad. A model is developed which shows optimal purchasing and inventory policies for firms in that situation. Another model is developed for the case when the value of a currency is changing gradually over time. The results derived in the first model are tested against empirical data from 23 large firms in Sweden and 23 subsidiaries of Swedish firms operating in different countries. The studies refer to the behaviour of the firms before and after the devaluation of the Swedish crown by 10% in August 1977.     

改良技术共享下改良品联合采购联盟的竞合博弈研究

改良技术共享与联合采购在一定程度上能够降低改良品采购联盟的运作成本。但是，是否选择进行改良技术创新，改良率提高到什么程度，是否进行改良技术共享，形成改良技术共享与联合采购联盟之后如何进行运作成本分摊可以保持其稳定性，是零售商进行改良技术共享后改良品联合采购联盟所需要解决的关键问题。本文基于经典的EOQ模型，建立了改良技术共享下改良品联合采购联盟成员间既有竞争又有合作的竞合博弈模型。首先，当零售商各自进行改良技术创新并在联盟内共享改良技术时，确定了改良技术共享下改良品联合采购联盟的运作策略与总成本；随后，给出了一种分配方案证明改良技术共享下改良品联合采购合作博弈的核是非空的；最后，指出平均分配方案所得到的改良率将低于集中化决策时零售商的最优改良率，并指出在该合作博弈核的极点的成本分摊规则下，此联合采购联盟的总成本是最低的。本文的研究表明，采用平均分摊成本的方案将不能达到系统最优，而采用核的极点的成本分摊方案将可以使成本降低至系统集中化决策时的水平。     

考虑信用销售的改良品联合采购决策

信用销售能够提升生产企业竞争力、扩大经营规模,帮助销售企业缓解资金压力,对供应链的运作效率有较大影响,成为供应链管理研究的重要课题之一。考虑在单一供应商和多个零售商组成的二级改良品供应链中,供应商提供延迟支付作为信用销售手段,分别建立零售商独立采购和联合采购的最小单位时间总成本函数,通过比较最小单位时间总成本函数得到联合采购优于独立采购的条件。将改良品联合采购的成本分配问题构造为改良品联合采购博弈,给出博弈具有的基本性质,并设计一种基于博弈核心的成本分配方法。通过数值算例和敏感性分析验证了文中所构建模型的正确性。     

Information technology project outcomes: user participation structures and the impact of organization behavior and human resource management issues

Despite considerable research examining user participation in information technology (IT) project implementation, the findings are equivocal concerning how beneficial IT user participation is for project outcomes. Likewise, evidence concerning the management of various forms of user participation is also mixed. This study posits an integrated user participation structure composed of a combination of steering committees, cross-functional teams and project champions performing different functions and supporting each other during the course of project implementation. The study builds a research model that identifies the impact of various organization behavior and human resource management (OB/HRM) issues on the ability of the user participation structure to influence IT project outcomes. It presents the results of field research in the form of nine case studies to identify various OB/HRM factors that can discriminate between different IT project outcomes. The field study leads to a revised research model that emphasizes the role of processes and dynamics within the user participation structure, as well as the role of OB/HRM variables, in influencing the relationship between user participation structures and IT project outcomes.     

考虑顾客策略行为的易逝品定价与再制造柔性补货机制研究

本文将再制造作为一种柔性补货机制,研究了考虑顾客策略行为的易逝品定价和再制造柔性补货问题。研究表明顾客策略行为减少了零售商的期望利润,再制造柔性补货机制可以缓解顾客策略行为的影响,提高零售商的期望利润,最后分析了该机制对消费者剩余和社会福利的影响。     

Applying a fuzzy analytic network process to construct a purchase project. A case for the purchase of a slicing diamond cutting machine

In this paper we propose a fuzzy extension of the analytic network process (ANP) that uses uncertain human preferences as input information in the project evaluation of precision diamond cutting machines. The resulting fuzzy ANP enhances the potential of the ANP for dealing with imprecise and uncertain human comparison judgments. It allows for multiple representations of uncertain human preferences, as crisp, interval, and fuzzy judgments and can find a solution from incomplete sets of pair-wise comparisons. An important feature of the proposed method is that it measures the inconsistency of the uncertain human preferences by an appropriate consistency index. Simultaneously, process capability indices are presented to demonstrate and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. In the future, the proposal can provide the best way to control and calculate effective purchasing of diamond cutting machines for wafer slicing by project buyers. This purchasing project will save cost and ease the case of purchase.     

Vendor Selection with Bundling*

Product bundling has become increasingly prevalent not only in consumer goods but also in the industrial sector. We study a purchasing problem in which a buyer must obtain necessary numbers of various stock items from a variety of vendors who charge different prices, have limited capacities and different levels of quality, and offer bundled products at discounted prices. We examine relationships among different bundling scenarios and show that the most general scenario is one in which free items are given to the buyer when sufficient quantities are purchased. We develop a mixed integer linear program that finds the purchasing strategy for the buyer that minimizes the total purchase cost. We present computational results which indicate that the problem is very tractable to solve optimally on a personal computer with standard optimization software. Finally, three extensions of the model are discussed.     

基于消费者情绪效用下劣势耐用品企业的延保服务策略有效性研究

基于消费者情绪效用对耐用品企业延保服务策略有效性的影响，构建双寡头微分博弈模型，研究耐用品企业的延保服务策略对产品均衡价格的影响特征，并进一步讨论了劣势耐用品企业延保服务策略的有效性。结论表明：服务投入在不同范围内，产品均衡价格随着服务投入的增加而变化的特征不同；高质量企业的延保最优价格与服务投入成递增关系变化，而低质量企业的延保最优价格随服务投入增加的变化特征还与其故障率、延保期等因素有关。低质量耐用品企业的服务投入满足大于1时，采取增加服务投入缩小与高质量产品的价格差是有效的；只有在一定条件下，采取延长质保期、延保期策略缩小价格差才是有效的。最后，利用数值分析法进一步验证了结论的合理性。研究可为耐用品企业有效实施延保服务策略提供决策支持。     

DRIVERS OF INTERNET PURCHASING SUCCESS

The development of the Internet as a business tool over the past 5 years has been phenomenal, causing a period of chaos and creative destruction. E‐commerce has been hyped as a catalyst for vast streamlining of the supply chain. Yet, in a time of such phenomenal change, the focus tends to be on the large picture. Many details of how a new technology should be or is employed tend to be unknown or ignored. However, as the technology matures and stabilizes, one of the primary factors that separate winners from losers is the way in which the technology is implemented and operated on a daily basis. This study examines the ways in which companies utilize the Internet to streamline their purchasing process. A survey of 416 customers of a major Internet retailer of commodity office supplies reveals important relationships between web site design, employee work environments, Internet strategy, and purchasing performance. Our sample of companies consists of firms that have ordered office supplies at least once using the Internet. Our data indicate that companies do realize performance benefits from utilizing the Internet as a purchasing tool. Furthermore, the data suggest factors that facilitate purchasing process improvements. These factors can be utilized by both buying and selling companies to improve their proprietary processes to maximize the benefits of e‐commerce as a purchasing tool.     

Should You Buy Your Customer's Values? On the Transfer of Moral Values in Industrial Purchasing

This article discusses a transfer of moral values between purchasing and supplying organisation in the manufacturing sector. In the first part, the relevant literature is discussed to glean criteria, which could facilitate such a transfer. Given a scarcity of research into ethics in purchasing, the literature review is extended into related fields, such as total quality management, environmental purchasing in retailing and minority vendor programmes in the U.S. In the second part, the question is raised whether such a transfer can at all lay claim to being of moral value. The process is screened against established ethical theories, which are found to support it. Finally, the financial impact of such a policy on the supplier is considered. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.