逆向物流与生态环保

当今社会，在人们的生活水平不断提高的同时，生态环保也引起了人们的重视。本文在探讨了逆向物流问题的基础上，对企业逆向物流和生态环保的关系上也进行了进一步的分析，并且废弃物回收再利用降低了企业生产的成本，具体分析了发展逆向物流对于企业和环境的优势所在。本文在逆向物流的理论与实践进行系统的研究的基础上，详细的讨论了企业逆向物流对生态环保的贡献。     

绿色环保压力与企业逆向物流绩效关系研究

以广东省珠三角地区609家企业为研究对象,对绿色环保压力与逆向物流绩效之间滗的关系进行实证研究.首先将绿色环保压力划分为政策法规、消费者、竞争者和供应商4个因素,将逆向物流绩效划分为直接绩效和间接绩效两个因素.实证结果表明,绿色环保压力中的4个要素对企业逆向物流绩效均有显著影响,不同规模的企业在逆向物流直接绩效方面有显著差异,大型企业的逆向物流绩效要明显优于小型企业,设立物流经理的企业逆向物流绩效明显优于不设立物流经理的企业.根据上述实证研究的结论,分别从政府、企业、消费者和供应商4个方面提出促进中国企业逆向物流活动的建议.     

我国逆向物流发展问题研究

随着企业产品更新换代速度的加快,产品市场竞争的不断加剧,客户服务需求的多元化,环保意识的增强,环保法规约束力度的加大,以及企业自身经济利益等诸多方面的考虑,原先被忽视的逆向物流逐渐受到企业经营管理者的重视。本文以逆向物流的相关理论知识为基础,阐述了逆向物流的内涵、特点、产生与发展,分析了国内外逆向物流的发展状况,并针对我国发展逆向物流过程中的出现的问题,如企业逆向物流意识不强,重视度不够;逆向物流管理信息系统不健全;有关逆向物流的法规和责任机制不健全;废弃物处理的技术约束缺乏;缺乏规范化管理,安全隐患大等进行了深入的分析和阐述,得出如下结论:为了促进我国逆向物流科学、健康发展,要充分认识逆向物流的重要性,树立循环经济发展理念;要建立有效的逆向物流管理系统和逆向物流信息网;要构建保障循环经济发展的法律体系;要加大逆向物流科技投入,推进企业逆向物流相关技术创新;要引入第三方逆向物流管理等。     

考虑双向主导相异的闭环供应链物流策略与补贴机制研究

目前,闭环供应链研究均是在正向和逆向主导企业为同一企业的条件下进行的,然而正向供应链中企业重视产品质量,逆向供应链中企业重视回收渠道,况且正向供应链中的物流策略并不一定适合逆向供应链。基于此,将供应链主导模式分为正向制造商主导和逆向销售商主导,物流策略分为正向物流策略和逆向物流策略。通过构建模型,运用博弈论理论,探讨了不同闭环供应链的定价策略、补贴机制和供应链稳定性,得到了供应链主导企业通过选择物流策略和补贴机制来实现供应链稳定性的条件。     

一种逆向物流网络的多期动态选址方法

提出一种逆向物流网络的多期动态选址方法.不同于静态的、单期模型,考虑需求变化的不同时期下,计算机相关产品逆向物流网络的多层设施定位方法.基于遗传算法,采用二进制十进制混合编码的染色体来表示回收点、回收点的回收期及回收中心相关的决策变量;设计顾客对回收点、回收点对回收中心的两个子分配算法来保证所有约束的满足性,并进行拟合度函数的评价;提出的特定遗传进化操作使得模型求解方向趋于回收点、回收中心和生产点相结合的最佳逆向物流网络;最后的仿真实例说明了所提方法的有效性.     

报废汽车逆向物流网络选址模型

本文构建了一个报废汽车逆向物流网络选址模型,以确定网络中设施的数量、位置及规模,并在由此构成的各条物流路径上合理分配物流量,以此解决报废汽车逆向物流网络回收拆解中心和再制造中心的选址问题。     

逆向物流网络设计研究进展

随着环境资源压力的增大,政府法制要求以及社会环保要求的提升,研究者对逆向物流网络的研究日益关注。本文系统地对近几年的逆向物流网络设计研究进行回顾,讨论并对比研究了网络设计研究问题,研究方法,定量模型,求解算法以及逆向物流网络设计中不确定环境方面的研究。探讨了逆向物流网络研究中的不足,为研究者未来的研究方向提供了参考。     

考虑顾客选择行为的逆向物流网络设计问题研究

逆向物流网络设计是企业获得经济利益和提高竞争力的战略决策之一.本文在进行逆向物流网络设计时,考虑了企业和顾客有不同的利益,通过双层规划建模来描述物流网络设计问题.上层模型为双目标模型,描述企业同时优化物流总成本和服务水平,下层模型描述顾客选择回收点的行为.设计了求解算法,得到一组Pareto解构成的效率边界,通过分析效率边界,确定企业的物流网络结构.最后用算例验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

基于成本/服务权衡的逆向物流网络设计问题研究

逆向物流网络设计是企业获得经济利益和提高竞争力的战略决策之一。本文针对售后服务逆向物流网络设计问题,考虑了同时优化物流网络运营成本和服务水平,提出了一个多目标整数规划模型来确定服务中心的个数、位置、容量等级以及客户区指派到服务中心的策略,并得到成本和服务之间的权衡关系。设计了一种混合多目标进化算法求解模型。通过实例分析,找出了影响物流网络设计的关键因素。通过算例测试,对混合多目标进化算法和ε约束法进行了比较,结果表明混合多目标进化算法对求解中大规模的问题是一种良好的方法。     

信息技术应用水平对企业逆向物流绩效影响的实证研究

当前国内对逆向物流管理中信息技术应用及其对绩效影响的研究较少。本文通过逻辑分析。归纳出本研究的理论假设模型,探讨信息技术应用水平对逆向物流收益和服务水平的影响,并分析逆向物流流程规范程度的问接作用效果。以91份有效的国内企业调查问卷数据作为数据分析的主要来源。本文采用典型相关分析法和前向选择多元回归分析法检验假设,得出最终模型,从而验证和补充了前人的理论。文章结论：信息技术应用水平对逆向物流收益有明显影响,但是对服务水平影响不大,而且流程规范程度对信息技术应用水平与逆向物流绩效间关系的中间影响作用不显著,最后文章分析原因,并对我国企业逆向物流信息化进行了展望。     

A genetic algorithm approach to developing the multi-echelon reverse logistics network for product returns

Traditionally, product returns have been viewed as an unavoidable cost of doing business, forfeiting any chance of cost savings. As cost pressures continue to mount in this era of economic downturns, a growing number of firms have begun to explore the possibility of managing product returns in a more cost-efficient manner. However, few studies have addressed the problem of determining the number and location of centralized return centers (i.e., reverse consolidation points) where returned products from retailers or end-customers were collected, sorted, and consolidated into a large shipment destined for manufacturers’ or distributors’ repair facilities. To fill the void in such a line of research, this paper proposes a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model and a genetic algorithm that can solve the reverse logistics problem involving product returns. The usefulness of the proposed model and algorithm was validated by its application to an illustrative example dealing with products returned from online sales.     

A multi-objective and multi-period optimization model for urban healthcare waste’s reverse logistics network design

Various types of healthcare waste (or medical waste) generated by urban healthcare activities have increased due to the expansion of urban population and medical needs. As healthcare wastes are harmful to both the environment and human health, managing medical waste is becoming progressively more important. Constructing an optimized medical waste recycling network is one of the key problems in the management of urban healthcare waste. This paper conducts a two-stage reverse logistics network design for urban healthcare waste. The first stage involves the prediction of the amount of medical waste. Based on the Grey GM(1,1) prediction model, the amount of medical waste in multi-period of the target hospitals is predicted. In the second stage, a multi-objective model aimed at minimizing operating costs and minimizing environmental impact is developed for facilities allocation decisions, which include the configuration of key facilities such as hospitals, collection centers, transshipment centers, processing centers, and disposal sites, as well as medical waste flow control among facilities. A dynamic approach for the healthcare waste reverse logistics network is constructed by combining the Grey GM(1,1) prediction method with multi-objective optimization model. Sensitivity analysis of key parameters has been performed to analyze their impact on network performance. Some insightful management practices have been revealed.

     

Downsizing and alcohol use: A cross-lagged longitudinal examination of the spillover hypothesis

An area of concern for investigators and practitioners is the possible linkage between stressful workplace events and alcohol use and abuse; however, work in this area, specifically testing a “spillover hypothesis,” offers inconclusive evidence of a relationship between many work-based stressors and alcohol use. Using a three-wave panel sample (N=455) from a large US industrial firm that has undergone numerous downsizing events in the last decade, four alternative causal hypotheses using fully cross-lagged three-wave mediational latent factor models were compared via structural equation modelling. Separate models were analysed for layoff experience and job security perceptions; a motivational factor, escape reasons for drinking, was included in each model. We found large autoregressive effects for problem alcohol use in the stability models. One reason for weak support for spillover models may be that problem alcohol use is more stable over time than previously theorized. All alternative causal models fit the data well; however, the only model comparisons showing significant improvement over the stability models were those including reverse paths. Reverse causal models should be explicitly considered when examining the link between alcohol problems and the workplace. We suggest that, for some workers, problematic alcohol use may be antecedent to, rather than a consequence of, stressful workplace experiences.     

Barriers to the Implementation of Environmentally Oriented Reverse Logistics: Evidence from the Automotive Industry Sector

Even though reverse logistics has existed as long as forward logistics, growing social concern for the environment has caused reverse logistics activities to become a critical function for many organizations. Yet, barriers to implementation of environmentally oriented aspects of reverse logistics still exist. The aim of the present study is to identify the barriers that impede or hinder the implementation of environmentally oriented reverse logistics practices, with a focus on the automotive industry. Empirical evidence and robust statistical analysis provide insights into the practices of environmentally oriented reverse logistics and barriers encountered in the Spanish automotive sector. Using structural equation modelling we are able identify two types of barriers, external and internal, and to study whether these barriers, previously identified in the literature, hinder environmentally oriented reverse logistics practices. The model also allows for identification of the most relevant barriers for the automotive sector.     

逆向物流系统结构研究的现状及展望

随着环保意识的增强,废旧物品的回收再利用越来越受到广泛关注,逆向物流系统的研究也受到学者的重视。本文从研究的问题和方法两个方面较全面地总结了逆向物流系统结构的研究成果,重点讨论了逆向物流系统的结构特征、设计原则及设施的选址定位问题,并指出了进一步的研究方向。     

Network design for reverse logistics

Collection and recycling of product returns is gaining interest in business and research worldwide. Growing green concerns and advancement of green supply chain management (GrSCM) concepts and practices make it all the more relevant. Inputs from literature and informal interviews with 84 stakeholders are used to develop a conceptual model for simultaneous location–allocation of facilities for a cost effective and efficient reverse logistics (RL) network. We cover costs and operations across a wide domain and our proposed RL network consists of collection centers and two types of rework facilities set up by original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) or their consortia for a few categories of product returns under various strategic, operational and customer service constraints in the Indian context.     

网络创新背景下隐私关注与保护意图跨情境研究——以购物、招聘、游戏和搜索行业为例

企业利用新技术、新手段收集、分析和处理消费者信息以供市场分析时使用,其间蕴涵的信息安全及用户隐私外泄等问题始终困扰着企业.为解决该问题,学术界以网络隐私为中心展开研究,考察了单一情境下隐私关注对保护意图的影响,但是在跨情境的环境下两者的变化情况及两者之间关系的变化趋势还有待研究.为此,基于任务类型理论提炼4个网站类型(购物、招聘、游戏和搜索),再根据期望价值理论提出假设.经实验室实验研究表明,在C2C购物情境中隐私关注对保护意图具有显著的正向影响,而在招聘、游戏和搜索情境中的影响不显著.在这4类网络情境间,隐私关注差异不显著但保护意图差异显著.最后,基于研究发现向学者及管理实践者提出了建议.     

Public Perception of Uncertainties Within Climate Change Science

Climate change is a complex, multifaceted problem involving various interacting systems and actors. Therefore, the intensities, locations, and timeframes of the consequences of climate change are hard to predict and cause uncertainties. Relatively little is known about how the public perceives this scientific uncertainty and how this relates to their concern about climate change. In this article, an online survey among 306 Swiss people is reported that investigated whether people differentiate between different types of uncertainty in climate change research. Also examined was the way in which the perception of uncertainty is related to people's concern about climate change, their trust in science, their knowledge about climate change, and their political attitude. The results of a principal component analysis showed that respondents differentiated between perceived ambiguity in climate research, measurement uncertainty, and uncertainty about the future impact of climate change. Using structural equation modeling, it was found that only perceived ambiguity was directly related to concern about climate change, whereas measurement uncertainty and future uncertainty were not. Trust in climate science was strongly associated with each type of uncertainty perception and was indirectly associated with concern about climate change. Also, more knowledge about climate change was related to less strong perceptions of each type of climate science uncertainty. Hence, it is suggested that to increase public concern about climate change, it may be especially important to consider the perceived ambiguity about climate research. Efforts that foster trust in climate science also appear highly worthwhile.     

一个新的考虑非期望产出的非径向-双目标DEA模型

如何实现对环境效率更准确的定量评价,是国际上从事DEA研究的学者们当前关注的问题之一。在传统DEA效率模型的基础上,综合考虑评价过程中期望产出与非期望产出之间的差异以及实际生产过程中人们追求期望产出最大化和非期望产出最小化的双重目标,构建非期望产出的非径向-双目标DEA环境效率评价模型,通过线性加权和法转化为一个求最大值的单目标线性规划问题。研究结果表明,这种新模型不仅可以分析DEA有效性与Pa-reto最优之间的关系,还利用决策单元的投影获得投入和产出的可调整量,从而提高考虑非期望产出的环境效率评价的精度。实证分析结果与现实情况的高度吻合,说明这种新的非径向-双目标DEA环境效率模型是有效的。