试论中国影戏的起源与形成

在影戏起源、形成的问题上,不少学者都持＂一源论＂,即认为影戏是发源于＂一地＂,是由某一种艺术形式发展演变而来的。事实上,通过考察中国影戏的艺术特征及其发展历史,可以发现,影响影戏形成的艺术源头不是单一的,而是有很多种艺术形式,是多种艺术形式＂合力＂作用的结果;其发源地也不只＂一点＂,而有多个地方。     

留得悲秋残影在:论《庚子秋词》

《庚子秋词》为二十世纪伊始具有符号式意义的重大词坛事件,历来负有"词史"盛誉。但由于对词体抒情功能认知的偏颇,《庚子秋词》并未真正达到"词史"的高度,总体上没有迸发出更大的现实烈度,奏出更强劲的时代心音。同时,《庚子秋词》对二十世纪词坛产生了一定的影响。     

Exploring and Assessing Nonsocial Play in the Preschool: The Development and Validation of the Preschool Play Behavior Scale

Recently, researchers have investigated the different structural forms of young children's nonsocial play behaviors. The primary goal of this research was to develop and validate the Preschool Play Behavior Scale (PPBS) , a teacher rating scale designed to assess the multiple forms of young children's solitary behaviors. In this regard, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, 39 preschool children were observed, and their social and nonsocial behaviors recorded over a three month period. Teachers then completed the PPB S. Results supported the construct validity of the PPBS ; teacher-rated and observed nonsocial and social behaviors were significantly associated in predicted ways. In Study 2, parental (e.g., demographic, child temperament) and teacher (e.g., PPBS , child behavior problems) ratings were collected for 337 preschoolers. Results established the psychometric properties of the PPBS (e.g., inter-rater reliability, factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity).     

The Roots of Radicalism: Tradition,the Public Sphere,and Early Nineteenth-Century Social Movements

R. E. F. Smith and David Christian, Bread and Salt: A Social and Economic History of Food and Drink in Russia (1984), xvi+391 (Cambridge, £32#lb50).

Doreen M. Rosman, Evangelicals and Culture (1984), 262 (Croom Helm, £14.95).

Roger Morriss, The Royal Dockyards during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1983), ix+262 (Leicester University Press, Leicester, £28#lb50).

Robert Bud and Gerrylynn Roberts, Science versus Practice: Chemistry in Victorian Britain (1984), 236 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £25#lb00).

Roger Fletcher, Revisionism and Empire: Socialist Imperialism in Germany 1807–1914 (1984), vii‐f 223 (George Allen and Unwin, £18#lb00).

Gigliola Dinucci, Una Federazione tra riformismo e sindicalismo : La Federazione Nazionale Lavoratori del Mare 1901–1908 (1983), 201 with statistical tables (Centro Editoriale Toscano, Florence, Lit. 15,000).

(A Trade Union Federation between Reformism and Syndicalism: The National Federation of the Workers of the Sea 1901–1908)

W. H. Greenleaf, The British Political Tradition, vol. I: The Rise of Collectivism (1983), xiii+336 (Methuen, £22#lb00); vol. II: The Ideological Heritage (1983), xii+579 (Methuen, £26#lb00).

Henry Phelps Brown, The Origins of Trade Union Power (1983), 266 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, £15#lb00).     

西方文化之源——古希腊传统和基督教思想之观照

本文拟就古希腊传统和基督教思想对西方文化的影响着重论述两者对西方文学尤其是对英美文学的巨大影响。     

“应得”传统的历史叙事

对“应得”概念的讨论可以追溯至古希腊时期。亚里士多德等人认为所谓“应得”是根据公民的“德性”分配公共职务,启蒙运动宣扬的自由、平等与民主等理念改变了“应得”的历史传统,它赋予公民以“自治”和权利意识,让人们意识到可以依凭个体的自主行动来“应得”社会的基本益品。当代正义理论家罗尔斯等人区分了“应得”和“反应得”,将超出个人控制、受运气因素影响的“应得”（如自然天赋、社会地位等）排除在分配正义之外。罗尔斯等人的区分深化了“应得”理论的思考。当代社会对“应得”的讨论还进一步扩展到人类与动物、当代人与未来世代以及民族国家和全球共同体之间。     

记忆研究的“社会-文化”范式:对“哈布瓦赫-阿斯曼”研究传统的解读

通过分析“哈布瓦赫-阿斯曼”研究路径中有关社会、文化等概念,可以得出一个较为清晰的记忆研究的“社会-文化”范式,从而弥补当下记忆研究无范式的缺陷。这一范式尤其体现在与神圣记忆密切相关的“社会框架论”、社会品质,以及卡农、神话、节日等概念中。从社会学角度看,能够促发人们回忆的社会力来自涂尔干所谓的“神圣社会”。哈布瓦赫记忆理论中的“社会框架论”和“社会品质”概念是涂尔干的“社会本体论”思想的核心表现,由此形成一种哈布瓦赫的“神圣记忆观”。扬·阿斯曼文化记忆理论中的重要概念“卡农”,也是一种神圣记忆。卡农等概念是扬·阿斯曼对哈布瓦赫的“社会框架论”的继承和推进。上述要素构成记忆研究的“社会-文化”范式的基础。从“取向”讨论转向“范式”分析,有助于推进社会记忆研究传统的生成和发展。