作为历史科学的马克思主义理论

马克思主义是基于人类现代实践进程的历史科学,具有统一于实践的现实性和批判性,因而是一个内在于现代实践的开放的理论。在历史上,马克思主义阐释和构建出现了背离这一历史科学实质的倾向,这主要是:一方面形成了过多强调必然性的经济决定论和公式化、僵化的旧教科书体系,导致对现实的封闭性解释;另一方面,在反驳这一封闭体系的过程中,出现了主体性解释逻辑和实践哲学构建的抽象理论范式。对此,我们应充分理解作为历史科学的马克思主义理论特质,在深刻把握社会历史现实的基础上,坚持和发展马克思主义。     

历史唯物主义:作为哲学的"历史科学"

历史唯物主义是马克思一生的两大科学发现之一.作为马克思的新世界观,历史唯物主义无疑具有哲学史上的划时代意义.但是,马克思毕竟不是学院派的哲学家,其全部理论都服务于他毕生追求的人的自由解放和全面发展这一终极目标.因此,在理解和把握马克思的历史唯物主义的时候,既要从新世界观(哲学)的本质的意义上去看待马克思的"历史科学",又要从"历史科学"的具体内容上去领会马克思新世界观的理论实质.     

论“科学是历史范畴”

科学是历史范畴,其内涵与外延随历史进程而不断地发生着变化。顺着远古时期、由古希腊至20世纪上半叶、20世纪中叶至今的历史轨迹,可以从本体论、认识论和方法论,以及历史观三方面考察科学的内涵,并由此推知其经历了从混沌与混乱,到有序与分化直至今日的混沌与融合的变化。揭示科学是历史范畴这一客观事实,有助于辨别形形色色的科学真伪之争以及理解和把握科学在社会中的地位及其演变。     

Historical Memory: The Construction of Consciousness

Historical (national) memory is considered in this article as one of the most important pillars of national identity. In addition to identifying some of the characteristic features of national, historical memory, the author shows that historical memory is influenced by two factors—the direct experience of the witnesses and participants of past events and official propaganda. As the direct witnesses of events disappear, the possibility of reconstructing and distorting historical memory increases. The ideas put forth in this article are formulated based on the historical memory of World War II in the United States, Russia, Germany, and other European countries.     

A note on Abraham Lincoln in probabilityland

Abraham Lincoln's dictum that you may fool all of the people some of the time; and some of the people all of the time; but you can't fool all of the people all of the time, is interpreted in terms of a simple binomial model, and potential ambiguities in Lincoln's assertion are clarified.     

Impairment as a Human Constant: Cross-Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Variation

The social science literature on physical disabilities suffers a curious omission in the relative lack of attention paid to a cross-cultural or historical perspective. We argue that disability is a human constant—that is, all human societies have and have always had disabled members. While the presence of such individuals is a constant, culturally shared responses to them vary greatly across time and social context.     

作为资本逻辑批判的历史唯物主义

作为对资本主义社会历史之谜解答的马克思的历史唯物主义,其实质就在于对资本逻辑这个资本主义社会的内在灵魂和最高原则的否定和批判。正是通过对资本逻辑的形而上学本质的剖析和诊断,马克思的历史唯物主义展开了对资本逻辑的意识形态幻象和现实运作的双重瓦解和批判,从而实现了对超历史的形而上学和非历史的资本主义神话的双重终结。     

美国对台政策的演变:一个历史的思考

美国对台湾政策演变的历史表明,调整的核心是维护美国的战略利益,每一次调整和变化都同中美关系的发展变化联系在一起。由此判断,美国将继续加强同台湾的政治和军事关系,会发展到何种程度还有许多不确定性。     

历史决定论：历史的考察和现状的分析

历史运动的规律性、目的性和选择性及其关系 ,历来是历史哲学关注的中心和争论的焦点 ,而问题的实质仍是如何看待历史决定论尤其是马克思主义历史决定论。从历史上看 ,历史决定论在近代历史哲学中占据统治地位 ,而反历史决定论观念则是现代历史哲学中的主导思潮 ;就逻辑而言 ,如何看待历史决定论问题体现为如何把握历史规律与人的活动的关系 ,历史运动的合规律性与合目的性的关系 ,历史发展的决定性与选择性的关系 ,历史本身的客观性与历史认识的主观性、相对性的关系等一系列问题。历史决定论与反历史决定论的论战是 2 0世纪哲学研究中最困难、最有争议同时又最富有内容的问题之一。因此 ,弄清这一问题的由来 ,把握这一问题的现状及其问题之所在 ,是一个重要的哲学课题     

自然和历史的双重馈赠

辽宁本溪国家地质公园与国内其他地质公园较单一的景观不同,是一个大范围、多类型,集地质景观、自然景观、人文景观为一体的带有综合特征的地质公园。举世闻名的地层剖面地球上的岩石像一部万卷巨著,记录和保存了46亿年以来地球发生和发展的演化历史,本溪国家地质公园内上元古界至中生界地层,以本溪地区地理名称命名的组级层型剖面就有14个。最著名的是石炭系本溪组,命名地点为牛毛岭,由赵亚曾1926年创建,剖面共分22层,厚145.5米,建组79年来,历经赵亚曾、李四光、盛金章、王钰等学者和大批地质工作者研究,其研究程度之高,发表成果之多,影响…     

曙光初照 岁月耀辽阳

The city of Liaoning was called Xiangping in the Record of History of the late Tang Dynasty (618-907). It used to be the political, economic and cultural center and transport hub as well as a town     

《高力士外传》史料价值述评

《高力士外传》乃作者得高力士口述亲历旧事而撰成,其中载述玄宗朝史事,始自开元后期,迄于高力士贬死黔中,内容多有关涉朝政大事者,且详述细节言辞。经过与现存的唐代史籍逐一比对印证,完全证明了其中记载的真实与可信,它是研治唐史(玄宗朝)的第一手资料。     

The Historical Forms of Materialism and the Philosophical Domain of Historical Materialism

Natural materialism, humanistic materialism and historical materialism are the three historical forms of materialism. The “material” in historical materialism is a social thing which is “perceptible and imperceptible by the senses” and connotes social relations; and the “history” in historical materialism is the realm in which contradictions between man and nature and between man and society are able to unfold, so historical materialism is “actually a critical view of the world” that inherently contains dialectics in a “rational form.” The formulation of historical materialism opened a new path for the development of materialism and even philosophy as a whole. In the course of its critique of capitalist society, which unfolds with capital as a core category, historical materialism sublates abstract existence and discovers real social existence, thus putting an end to metaphysics, which is grounded in abstract ontology.     

论"70后"作家的历史叙事及历史感

当前评论界对"70后"作家批评的一个基本共识是历史感的匮乏,其实"70后"作家的历史感知受制于一个历史与文化上的"流动的缺口",它对"70后"作家的写作形成了一种"表述遏制"."70后"作家在利用各种方式填补这个缺口.在填补的过程中,"70后"作家自觉地遗忘了当下,他们的文本呈现为"活着的过去"与"死了的现在"的对峙."70后"作家不是靠着由过去激起的情感进入了历史写作,而是因为当下的困惑进入了历史,而且在这个过程中他们以自身献祭的方式成为了历史的被驱逐者和被吞没者.人们对"70后"作家历史感匮乏的指责主要是受制于既定叙事模式的影响,我们不能盲目地判定"70后"作家是没有历史感的,他们只是喜欢把过去私有化,而不是像前辈一样公共化,他们的历史感会以其他的方式展现出来.     

The militarization of Native America: Historical process and cultural perception

Native Americans have experienced widespread militarization as the result of a number of factors. First, many Mative nations militarized in reaction to the weaponry and threats presented by invading Europeans. Secondly, the Europeans and later the Americans used Native Americans as auxiliaries and allies in their wars against other Native nations. Finally, militarization came to several tribes by way of the U.S. policy of assimilating American Indians into mainstream American society. Militarization, in short, became a way of legitimating Native citizenship. Many Indians, however, look upon their military service in a different way. Native American militarization resembles that of the Nepalese Gurkha veterans of the British Army.