东乡族小经文"拜提"的人文资源价值

东乡族是全民信奉伊斯兰教的民族.伊斯兰教宗教文学在东乡族中的长期传承过程中,呈现出它的变异特征,首先表现在原有的阿拉伯语、波斯语吟诵讲述变异为东乡语的吟诵讲述, 这就为伊斯兰宗教文学打上了鲜明的民族性标记.小经文是以阿拉伯字母来记述东乡语的文字,"拜提"是诗歌之意.东乡语小经文的"拜提"有它产生、发展、消亡、濒危的自身规律,研究它的这种轨迹和它的主要作品<哈散与候赛尼>、<战黑娜姆>、<矣利夫>、<和者阿姑>、<葡萄蛾儿>、<诗司乃比>、<来拉尕黑>所表现的文化意蕴,对我们思考"抢救保护"少数民族文化遗产工程,有许多新的启示.     

藏文字符的分类与功能描述

藏文字符除了字母类符号,尚有大量其他文本符号,这些符号的名称、性质与功能历来未作勘定,积疑甚多.藏文文本符号总体上可以分为三大类:藏文(本体)字符、梵源藏文字符、其他文本图形符号.藏文字符专指藏文创制时期以及藏文历史应用中依据语言变化所创制的符号,通常所说的30个辅音字母和4个元音符号以及相应变体都在此列.除此外,藏文数字符和标点符号也可归入此类.梵源藏文字符是通过新创藏文字形表示藏语中没有的梵文读音形式和文字形式的字符,形成了所谓的藏(文)化梵文字符.其他文本图形符号包括藏族自身创造的图形以及来源于梵文文本的图形,其基本特点是不表达语言声音,仅表示某种文本形式意义,或者以图形方式指示事物的意义.这类符号有吟诵示意符、吟诵会意符、占星符、装饰符,等等.以上藏文字符大多已收入ISO/IEC国际标准藏文字符基本集,对字符的分类有助于进一步展开藏文计算机处理研究.     

东乡族的口碑文献

聚居在甘肃临夏回族自治州境内洮河以西,大夏河以东和黄河以南山麓地带的东乡族,有人口23万多人,信奉伊斯兰教。东乡族没有本民族的文字,因而没有见诸文字的历史典籍。但是,东乡族人民世代以口耳相传的形式,广泛流传着丰富的口碑文献,其中包括生动感人的民间叙事长诗,五彩缤纷的民间传说和故事,还有颇具民族特色的“花儿”。这些口碑文献是东乡族人民千百年来在劳动生产、生活中创造出来的智慧结晶,是东乡族     

略析《经学系传谱》中的“狭经”一词

小经,又称小儿锦、消经、狭经,指在回族等中国穆斯林民族中行州的以阿拉伯字母以及波斯字母米拼写汉语方言的特殊文字体系。但作为一种文字书写体系,并不仅仅指用阿拉伯字母拼写汉语词汇,其语法总体上来说仍然是汉语式的。小经文献的历史研究,存在着两方面的困难,     

“麻栏”、“干阑”音译考

据近编《壮族简史》载,“麻栏”、“干阑”是我国古代壮语词lα:n～2(家)的译音,这已为学术界普遍承认。古时候由于没有一套比较科学、准确的记音符号,更没有现代化的录音工具,因此,只能借助当时比较发达的汉语文字记录一些没有文字的语言。尽管这种记音方法缺乏一定的精确性,不能反映出记录对象的实际音值,但它仍可以近似地体现记录对象的语音面貌和语音结构。宋代汉文著作中的壮音词“麻栏”、“干阑”,就比较真实地记录了壮语词汇中lα:n～2的语音形式,因此,这两个音译词     

藏文的由来与演变

现今,人们意识到在最古老的时候,无论何处也一定是没有文字,迄今在印度东部的洛瓦(gla-ba)和阿布日噶(aba-ri-ka)地方的噶诺人居住的森林里,也没有创造新的学习,仍旧没有文字。后来,当地一些祖先有智慧的人开始了创造,这也是古代人们的开始,由绘画而逐渐地显现产生了文字。而这种象形文字是自然地产生的。为此,学者们认为有二:在先前有元音字母和辅音字母等!在后来在不多之中没有简化。诸如要叙述的柱子和瓶子等物质和论述对境事物,一一听闻之声制作每个字母。如是这样的文字也在世界很多的地方亦显     

释《辽史》中的“大汉”一名——兼论契丹小字原字■的音值问题

《辽史.圣宗纪》西南路招讨使"大汉"之所指,历来颇有争议。本文根据近年出土的辽代汉文和契丹小字石刻资料,解决了这一长期以来悬而未决的疑点。"大汉"乃是韩德威的契丹语小名,即契丹小字石刻中■■■一名的汉译。关于此名第一个原字■的音值构拟,学界众说纷纭,根据上述释读结果,并参以其他契丹大小字石刻资料,本文将原字■的音值拟作[ta]。     

试论民族文字的社会功能——为土族文字试行12周年而作

谈到文字,人们就会说文字是记录语言的一种书写符号系统,是把语言的听觉符号变成了可以看得见的视觉符号,它是人类交际中最重要的辅助工具。《辞海》也解释说:文字是“记录和传达语言的书写符号,扩大语言在时间和空间上的交际功用的文化工具,对人类文明的促进起很大作用。”大家的认识和这个解释无疑是正确的,但是,如果把文字的起源及其发展、变化,放在一个民族发展的整个历史过程中去考察,文字的文化价值恐怕用这几句话是概括不了的,它有着十分丰富的文化内涵。     

东乡族口碑及小经文古籍撮要

东乡族是我国55个少数民族之一，现有人口53．9300多人（据2000年统计）。主要聚居在甘肃省中部地区临夏回族自治州东北部的东乡族自治县境内，有21．99万人，积石山保安族东乡族撒拉自治县有18000人，临夏州其余各县，如和政县、康乐县、临夏县、广河县、临夏市、永靖县约有9万余人，新疆维吾尔族自治区有7万余人，另外，甘肃兰州市、青海省、宁夏回族自治区也散居一部分。     

对汉语言文字民族类图书出版的思考

少数民族语言文字图书和汉语言文字民族类图书的出版是我国民族出版的两个重要组成部分。对于少数民族语言文字的出版,人们的认识比较一致。在理论和实践中,对以汉语言文字出版的民族类图书的定性尚缺乏一致的认识。汉语言文字民族类图书能否作为一种图书类别,它在我国的汉语言文字的出版中占据多大的空间以及地位如何,它所服务的行业和事业基础是什么,它有没有相应的学科基础,作为出版它在我国文化建设事业上的作用有哪些。上述问题是我们理解和认识汉语言文字民族类图书出版的关键,也是我们进一步做好汉语言文字民族类图书出版的基础。上…     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

Islam,Moderation, Radicalism,and Justly Balanced Communities

If media outlets and political rhetoric are to be believed, then the way to counter “radical” Islam is through “moderate” Islam. Seemingly, “moderate” Islam is that which “radical” Islam is not. In appointing “moderate” Islam as an antidote to “radical” Islam, the implication is that, conceptually at least, the two terms are contradistinctive. Yet, while much is, perceivably, known about “radical” Islam, with its associated ills of an unequivocal Islamic worldview, very little attention has been afforded to this signifier, “moderate”. Inasmuch as this term is bandied around, even scholars of Islam will acknowledge that, within Islamic education, understandings of and debates on conceptions of moderation, and moderate Muslim communities, have been somewhat overlooked. What, therefore, is a “moderate” Islam? What is a “moderate” Muslim community and how would it act? What are the implications for a “moderate” community in relation to pluralist societies? And, can such a “moderate” community offer a practical response not only to “radical” Islam, but, perhaps, more importantly, to increasingly antagonistic, liberal contexts?     

Migration,masculinity, and family

Previous studies of migration, family, and gender have shown that migration is not only an event that changes family life, the change itself is a gendered process. How migrant women develop strategies to cope with challenges posed by either their own migration or their husbands’ migration has been widely studied. However, how migrant men adjust and change their care practices and domestic roles to accommodate challenges brought about by migration to their family lives has not been as extensively explored. Using interview data gathered from male rural-to-urban migrant workers in South China, this paper fills this gap by studying male migrants’ agency and masculinity through the concept of masculine compromise. Masculine compromise delineates how migrant men strive to respond to changing family circumstances triggered by migration while maintaining the gender boundaries that underpin their dominance within the family. As a concept, masculine compromise underscores the material impact of migration on gender practices and family life; and the limited effect it has on gender attitudes and identity. Masculine compromise provides a feminist lens to analyse the complex effect of migration on changing masculinity and gender relationships within the family.     

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Health

Knowledge from human genetic research continuously challenges the notion that race and biology are inextricably linked, with implications across biomedical and public health disciplines. However, biomedical research continues to explore health and disease under a racial framework ignoring and at times confounding the identification of true biological and/or environmental risk factors. Within this article, we present a brief overview of the use of race in biomedical research and studies of human genome variation and how genetic ancestry may help us understand health disparities. We believe that the casual use of “race” to define groups in biomedical research has contributed to our limited understanding of complex disease etiology and risk factors driving health disparities.     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.     

Colorful Reflections: Skin Tone,Reflected Race,and Perceived Discrimination among Blacks,Latinxs, and Whites

Race and Social Problems - How do Black, Latinx, and White people who believe they are mistaken as a member of another racial group perceive the amount of racial discrimination they experience, and...     

论"民族"(上)

本文标题中列出的一连串概念 -术语 ,成为目前处于社会科学各学科 (从民族学到哲学 )关注中心的一组问题。С·Е·雷巴科夫的佳作———《民族的哲学》① ———是对民族问题(этнонациональнаяпроБлематика)进行哲学思考的鲜明实例。这部著作以其对于至今仍然是争论对象的现象 ( феномен)的独到见解而著称 ,因为它 (指现象———译者 )是如此自相矛盾和形态多样 ,以至无论怎样也不想去硬套某种理论或观念。《民族的哲学》的作者在分析有关民族问题的大量著作的过程中采用了另外一种科学方法 ,我深信 ,…     

Enoch Powell,empires, immigrants and education

2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Enoch Powell’s infamous ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech, an intervention that is still viewed as one of the most incendiary statements of the perceived decay and violence likely to follow legislation intended to assure minoritised British citizens of equal rights regardless of their ethnic origin. In this essay, Sally Tomlinson (one of Britain’s foremost multicultural theorists) reflects on Powell’s legacy and the contemporary scene where in the US, UK and across Europe, White resentment and fear is increasingly shaping ‘mainstream’ debates about nationhood, migration and education.