我国上市公司资产结构与盈利能力实证研究

本文以权变理论为基础,从资产结构出发研究资产结构与盈利能力之间的关系。本文从上市公司的资产分布和盈利能力的特点入手,通过对选取的样本公司的资产结构及盈利能力进行描述性统计和多元线性回归统计分析,研究上市公司的资产结构与盈利能力之间的相关关系。本文通过研究发现如下：（1）资产结构与盈利能力线性相关;（2）存货资产占比,流动资产占比和固定资产占比这3个变量之间是一个系统。相互之间存在影响,共同线性组合之后对盈利能力产生消极影响;（3）现金资产占比对盈利能力产生积极影响：（4）应收款项占比对盈利能力产生消极影响;（5）无形资产占比可能对盈利能力产生消极影响。     

最佳资本结构、债务期限结构与公司收益的相关性研究

本文选择2003年——2004年非金融类上市公司数据为样本，对我国上市公司的资本结构、债务期限结构与公司收益的相关性进行了实证研究。发现：（1）我国上市公司存在最佳资本结构，在达到最佳资本结构前，每股收益与之正相关，达到最佳资本结构后负相关。（2）短期负债所占比例与公司收益呈显著负相关关系，短期负债所占比例越低，公司收益越高。这为债务期限结构的税收理论提供了证据支持，而与代理理论相悖。（3）资产规模对公司收益有显著影响：资产规模越大，公司收益越高。     

内地中小企业香港创业板上市成长性影响因素分析

本文通过对我国内地中小企业到香港创业板上市后的成长性进行实证研究,研究发现,在香港创业板上市的内地企业的成长性与盈利质量、风险水平之间存在着明显的相关关系,而与资产质量、现金质量之间的关系不显著,说明香港创业板上市公司成长性的影响因素与其他板块上市公司成长性影响因素有所不同,并针对香港创业板的现状发展,提出内地中小企业选择到香港上市应注意的问题.     

中国中小型上市公司高管特征与企业绩效相关关系研究——基于中国139家中小上市公司的实证研究

本文借鉴已有的公司治理结构中高管与公司绩效关系的研究发现,以中国沪深两市的中小上市公司为研究对象,运用统计学的相关技术对公司中高管的不同特征和公司绩效的关系进行了实证分析。经过对总计139家中小上市企业2006年的业绩和高管特征进行了一系列统计研究,得出如下结论,在这些上市的中小企业中不同学历的董事长在选择执行高管即总经理职位的人选时,有一定的偏好,高学历的董事长更愿意选择与自己教育程度相一致的总经理;其次,本研究发现中国中小型上市公司的高管薪酬与其所在企业的财务绩效存在着显著的正相关关系;高管控股比例与公司绩效没有显著的相关关系;董事长控股与董事长的学历对公司的绩效存在着交互的影响作用。     

我国上市公司业绩决定机制实证分析

本文依据我国上市公司治理结构定义了5种公司治理类型 ,并在实证分析的同时论述不同治理类型的公司业绩决定机制。本文认为 ,在我国目前经济发展阶段和资本市场条件下 ,没有所有权经营权代理、没有所有权代理有经营权代理治理类型 ,要比有所有权代理有经营权代理、有所有权 (经营权 )代理治理类型有效率。没有关联交易的上市公司 ,其业绩与人力资产提供者报酬显著相关;与第一大股东持股比例相关 ,但不显著。有关联交易的上市公司 ,其业绩与第一大股东持股比例显著相关 ,与人力资产提供者报酬不相关。     

董事会非正式层级的绩效效应及其影响机制研究

董事会非正式层级是影响董事会治理效率和公司绩效的关键因素.以2010年至2012年沪、深A股1 226家上市公司为研究对象,运用STATA 13.0软件和分组回归分析方法,系统分析董事会非正式层级强度与公司绩效间的关系及其影响机制,分别考察不同最高层级董事身份和控股股东性质对董事会非正式层级强度与公司绩效关系的影响.研究结果表明,董事会内部非正式层级强度与公司绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系,这种正相关关系只有在董事会最高层级董事不兼任总经理职务条件下才成立;业绩压力和股权集中度对董事会非正式层级强度与公司绩效间的关系具有显著的正向调节效应;相对于民营控股上市公司,国有控股上市公司董事会非正式层级强度对绩效的正向效应更强,主要体现在地方政府控股上市公司中,业绩压力对董事会非正式层级强度与绩效间的正向调节效应在国有控股上市公司中不显著.研究结果证实董事会内部非正式层级的实践价值,印证了两职分离和董事会团队互补的积极效应,为优化董事会治理等提供理论支持.     

最终所有权性质、治理机制对企业绩效的影响研究

以 2003 年中国上市公司为样本,根据最终所有权性质的不同将上市公司分为国有控股、民营控股以及外资控股三类,并选取相关变量对各治理机制变量与企业业绩变量进行多元线性回归分析,发现民营控股上市公司中公司治理变量及控制变量对企业绩效的解释力度大于国有控股上市公司;当综合考虑各治理变量并研究其与绩效的关系时,治理机制变量之间会产生相互影响,但这种影响并不会导致各治理机制变量与企业绩效的关系在本质上改变;在国有控股和民营控股两类上市公司中与企业业绩之间存在显著相关关系的治理机制变量.研究结果为完善中国上市公司治理结构、提高企业业绩提供了经验证据.     

上市公司股权结构对企业经营绩效的影响:浙江样本

股权结构与公司绩效的关系是近几年来财务理论及企业理论研究所关注的热点问题之一.利用浙江上市公司公开披露的数据,考察了浙江省117家上市公司股权结构与经营绩效的相关关系.实证研究结果表明,股权集中度在0.05水平下对企业绩效有显著正向影响,而国有股比例,法人股比例,流通股比例对企业经营绩效没有显著影响.     

答非所问与市场反应:基于业绩说明会的研究

对上市公司业绩说明会中投资者与管理层问答互动中管理层答非所问的现象进行了研究.本文以中小板和创业板上市公司召开的业绩说明会作为研究样本,利用文本分析方法对业绩说明会中管理层在回答投资者提问时答非所问的程度进行度量,进而实证分析了管理层的答非所问与市场反应和公司未来业绩表现之间的可能关联.结果发现:在控制其它因素之后,管理层的答非所问与市场反应之间呈现显著的负相关关系,即公司管理层的答非所问程度越高,随后公司股票的市场表现则就会越差,并且对于那些低分析师关注的公司尤为明显;而在公司未来业绩表现方面,管理层答非所问的程度越高,则公司未来的业绩表现则会越差.     

资本结构治理效应:中国上市公司的实证研究

资本结构影响公司治理的结果最终会体现在公司绩效的变化上。本文通过对1992-2004年间我国上市公司资本结构影响公司绩效的实证分析发现:资产主营业务净利润率、经营费用率和资产利用率三个指标比股票价值能更好地解释资本结构对公司绩效的影响;国家股比例对公司绩效的负向影响越来越不显著;法人股比例和负债融资比例对公司绩效有不显著的正向影响等。这些结论表明,完善资本结构是完善我国上市公司治理结构从而提高公司绩效的重要途径之一。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.