供应链伙伴特性、伙伴关系与信息共享的关系研究

依据相关文献与研究假设,构建了供应链伙伴特性、伙伴关系与信息共享水平之间关系的理论模型.以广东省珠三角地区141家制造企业为调查对象,利用多元回归分析方法对供应链伙伴特性、伙伴关系与信息共享水平之间关系进行实证研究.研究结果表明,供应链伙伴特性不仅对信息共享水平有显著的直接影响,而且还以伙伴关系为中介变量而间接地影响到信息共享水平;供应链伙伴特性中的文化相似性、资源互补性等维度对伙伴关系及其信任、承诺等维度均有显著的正向影响;伙伴关系中的信任、承诺等维度对信息共享水平及其作业信息、财务信息、策略信息等维度均有显著的正向影响.研究结果表明,不仅需要重视对供应链伙伴特性的分析与评估,尤其是对供应链伙伴的文化相似程度与资源互补性等方面进行评估,而且还要善于同供应链上下游企业建立重要的战略伙伴关系.     

供应链伙伴间信息共享对运营绩效的间接作用机理研究——以关系资本为中间变量

构建了以关系资本中的信任及关系承诺等维度为中间变量的供应链伙伴间信息共享对企业运营绩效间接作用机理的理论模型。以广东省珠三角地区141家制造企业为调查对象,利用结构方程模型对供应链伙伴间信息共享、关系资本(信任与关系承诺)与运营绩效之间的关系进行实证研究。研究结果发现供应链伙伴间信息共享与运营绩效之间存在两条间接作用路径,即"信息共享→信任→运营绩效"和"信息共享→信任→关系承诺→运营绩效",这表明供应链伙伴间信息共享的确可以以关系资本中的信任与关系承诺等维度为中间变量而间接地作用于企业运营绩效。     

供应商机会主义行为对信息共享与运营绩效的影响

在交易成本理论基础上,构建供应商机会主义行为、信息共享与运营绩效之间关系的理论模型。以广东省珠三角地区189家制造企业为研究对象,利用结构方程模型对供应商机会主义行为、信息共享与运营绩效的关系进行实证研究。将信息共享划分为信息共享内容和信息共享质量两个维度,将运营绩效划分为速度、服务和财务3个维度。研究结果表明,在供应商机会主义行为与信息共享的关系层面,供应商机会主义行为对信息共享内容和信息共享质量均有显著的负向影响;在信息共享与运营绩效的关系层面,信息共享内容和信息共享质量均对运营绩效有显著的正向影响;而供应商机会主义行为对运营绩效有显著的负向影响。根据上述实证研究结论给出供应链企业和政府的相关管理启示。     

供应链治理机制与供应链绩效之间的相互作用关系——基于信息共享的中介效应和信息技术水平的调节效应

本文构建起了供应链治理机制与供应链绩效之间的相互作用关系理论模型，并进而对信息共享在其中所起的中介效应及信息技术水平在其中所起着的调节效应进行剖析。以380份来自于供应链相关岗位的中高层管理人员及技术人员的问卷作为样本，利用结构方程模型对社会控制、正式控制、信息技术水平、信息共享及供应链绩效之间的相关关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明：（1）社会控制对信息共享及供应链绩效均产生正向影响，信息共享对供应链绩效也产生正向影响；而正式控制则对信息共享产生显著的负向作用关系，且其对供应链绩效的作用关系并不显著；（2）信息共享在社会控制和供应链绩效之间的作用关系中起着部分中介的作用，但其在正式控制-供应链绩效间的中介作用则并不显著；（3）信息技术水平对于社会控制-信息共享和正式控制-信息共享间的关系具有调节效应。     

基于心理承受能力假说的供应链信息共享模型

针对期望效用理论和前景理论对禀赋穹顶效用的忽视,提出了禀赋相关的心理承受能力假说,并以企业共享信息价值指数作为决策变量,构建了供应链信息共享的短板优化模型。根据该模型,可以通过不断提升短板企业的信息共享价值指数,达到最终实现整个供应链的信息共享。研究显示,供应链上企业信息共享价值指数与信息共享成功率之间存在正向关系,而与心理脆弱度成本弹性、社会风险水平、信息共享成本之间存在负向关系。本文的主要理论贡献一是将收入成本比引入到投资价值的制约因素集之中,强调投资收益率或者利润率的决定性作用;二是引入心理承受临界点概念,指出投资行为在该临界点的两侧表现出截然不同的特征。这一结果可以用于设计推进供应链信息共享的政策途径。     

供应链企业间知识共享影响因素的实证研究

将企业组织学习能力、技术知识壁垒属性、知识共享平台、知识共享激励机制和企业间相容性水平作为供应链企业间知识共享的影响因素,以知识获取和合作绩效作为知识共享效果的评价标准,建立了理论关系模型.通过实证分析,表明企业组织学习能力、技术知识壁垒属性、知识共享平台、知识共享激励机制和企业间相容性水平对知识获取存在显著的影响;企业组织学习能力和技术知识壁垒属性对合作绩效影响不显著,知识共享平台、知识共享激励机制和企业间相容性水平对合作绩效存在显著影响.     

大数据能力、供应链协同创新与制造企业运营绩效的关系研究

针对大数据能力对企业运营绩效产生影响的传导机理问题,本文基于资源基础理论与双元创新理论,把大数据能力分为大数据资源整合、深度分析和应用三种能力,供应链协同创新分为突破式和渐进式创新两个维度,建立理论框架模型。本文通过对315份制造企业的有效样本数据进行结构方程实证分析发现:大数据资源整合能力与应用能力对供应链协同创新的突破式创新和渐进式创新两个维度都有显著正向影响,但大数据深度分析能力对供应链协同创新的两个维度都没有显著影响;供应链协同视角下的突破式创新和渐进式创新都对企业运营绩效有正向影响;大数据能力通过供应链协同创新的两个维度间接影响企业运营绩效。其中,渐进式创新在大数据能力各维度与企业运营绩效之间起中介作用,但突破式创新并没有中介作用。研究从理论上揭示了供应链协同创新作为互补资产在大数据能力与企业运营绩效之间的中介作用;从实践上明确企业应提高其大数据能力并重视供应链协同创新从而提高运营绩效。     

敏捷供应链背景下企业合作关系对企业绩效的影响

现有理论文献认为,良好的企业合作关系能够提高企业绩效,但对于其作用效果和作用路径仍缺乏实证研究的支持.本文以重庆市的242家企业为研究样本,通过因子分析和结构方程模型研究了企业合作关系、敏捷供应链和企业绩效三者之间的关系,验证了企业合作关系对敏捷供应链效益、企业绩效水平具有显著的正向影响,而敏捷供应链效益可以很好地提高企业的绩效水平.     

地方政府部门间信息共享的影响因素间关系研究

本文在对我国地方政府部门间信息共享情况调查和对国内外相关研究的基础上,提出影响政府部门间信息共享的因素间相互关系的假设.采用宝鸡和西安实地问卷调查数据进行统计检验,得出:资源以及推动信息共享的动力是直接因素,且动力直接决定资源的丰富程度;政府部门对信息共享的特性认识以及部门间的信任关系是间接影响因素,且通过作用于动力间接影响政府间信息共享的水平.     

供应链合作伙伴的信息共享与企业核心竞争力

供应链信息共享与企业核心竞争力之间有着密切的关系,我们在明确信息共享对提高企业核心竞争力的促进作用的同时,也必须认识到其对提高企业核心竞争力的制约作用;通过信息技术的应用,选择适当的合作伙伴充分合作,以及实施供应链管理,共享信息资源,使供应链的整体优势得以发挥,提升整个供应链的核心竞争力。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety

Anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital-based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock-and-flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10-day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.