变革型领导对员工创造力的作用机理研究

以内在动机理论为基础,探讨变革型领导行为对下属创造力产生影响的作用机理,即变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持作用于员工创造力,采用结构方程模型分析变革型领导、心理授权、组织对创造力的支持与员工创造力之间的关系,采用问卷调查方法进行研究.结果发现,心理授权对变革型领导和组织对创造力的支持产生中介作用,但对员工的创造力并无显著影响,说明在中国情境下,授权并不能使员工积极放心地从事创造性工作,因此在实践中领导对员工授权需谨慎;变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持对员工的创造力产生正向作用,验证了提出的假设,使变革型领导影响员工创造力的过程具体化和清晰化,对实践具有较强的指导意义. 通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持作用于员工创造力,采用结构方程模型分析变革型领导、心理授权、组织对创造力的支持与员工创造力之间的关系,采用问卷调查方法进行研究.结果发现,心理授权对变革型领导和组织对创造力的支持产生中介作用,但对员工的创造力并无显著影响,说明在中国情境下,授权并不能使员工积极放心地从事创造性工作,因此在实践中领导对员工授权需谨慎;变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持对员工的创造力产生正向作用,验证了提出 假设,使变革型领导影响员工创造力的过程具体化和清晰化,对实践具有较强的指导意义.     

变革型领导对员工创新行为的影响研究——兼论组织认同与自我效能感的作用

探析变革型领导、组织认同及自我效能感对员工创新行为的影响及其作用机制,构建以组织认同为中介变量、自我效能感为调节变量的混合模型,采用随机抽样的方法进行问卷调查,运用工具软件对获取的有效问卷数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明：变革型领导、组织认同、自我效能感及员工创新行为的得分都较高;变革型领导、组织认同及自我效能感均与员工创新行为显著正相关;变革型领导不仅直接影响员工创新行为,还能通过组织认同间接影响员工创新行为;自我效能感能显著调节变革型领导对员工创新行为的影响程度。     

变革型领导、组织公民行为与心理授权关系研究

探讨变革型领导行为对下属的组织公民行为产生影响的作用机制,即变革型领导是否会通过心理授权的中介作用对下属的组织公民行为产生影响.采用结构方程模型的方法分析了变革型领导行为、组织公民行为以及心理授权的不同维度之间的关系,研究的样本包括高科技组织中282名员工以及他们所对应的领导者.研究结果表明,变革型领导行为通过心理授权作为中介变量对下属员工的组织公民行为具有显著的影响作用;心理授权中的意义性和自我效能两个维度在变革型领导与组织公民行为之间起到中介作用;关系导向和任务导向的变革型领导对心理授权和组织公民行为的不同维度产生影响作用的路径是不同的.     

领导风格、组织承诺及其关系研究述评与展望

自20世纪90年代以来,组织行为学领域的研究聚焦于变革型领导和交易型领导对组织绩效的影响,其中基于员工视角的组织承诺研究逐渐成为重点。国内外学者针对两种领导风格对组织承诺的直接作用研究已较为成熟,得出的普遍结论是变革型领导和交易型领导对组织承诺均有正向影响。近年,国内学者倾向于探讨两者关系的内部影响机制,多引入中介变量和调节变量,如心理授权、组织信任等。其中,国内外研究以变革型领导与组织承诺的关系为主,对交易型领导的研究较少。未来的研究应给予交易型领导足够重视,同时创新是组织存在和发展的灵魂,应关注领导风格、组织承诺与创新绩效的关系研究。     

双元领导对团队创新绩效影响研究——基于惯例视角

领导力及组织双元领域的研究认为,领导者的悖论认知模式和管理行为对于组织中任何一种双元形式的构建都发挥着重要的作用。然而,目前学术界对于这种复杂领导方式的具体作用效果及影响机制,尤其是对于团队创新过程中如何有针对性地处理团队整体性与个体差异性间存在的突出矛盾这一问题仍然缺乏深入的研究。 基于社会认知理论、组织双元理论和动态能力理论,从团队惯例视角出发,构建双元领导行为-团队双元文化-团队创新绩效的影响过程模型,探讨领导行为的协调作用,同时以成员自我调节导向和环境动态性作为调节变量,研究在此影响过程中团队内、外部情景因素的调节作用。采用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 17.0进行多层次回归分析和组间方差分析,对来自长三角区域高新技术型企业中123个知识团队的调研数据进行实证分析。 研究结果表明,①双元领导对团队创新绩效具有积极影响并且显著优于单一领导方式,而变革型领导和交易型领导对团队创新绩效的影响并无显著差异,但要显著优于无明显领导风格的团队,且这两种领导方式能够产生协同效应,其交互正向影响团队创新绩效;②双元领导主要通过团队双元文化部分中介作用直接或间接影响团队创新绩效,但其所包含的变革型和交易型领导行为对团队创新绩效的作用机理存在差异,变革型领导主要通过适应性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效,交易型领导则通过一致性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效;③自我调节导向在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用;④环境动态性在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用。     

CEO变革型领导行为、组织认同与组织惯例更新:集体主义倾向的调节效应

数字化时代,组织惯例更新是企业数字化转型,获取竞争优势的基础,也是组织惯例理论和管理实践关注的焦点。基于社会认同理论,本文以中高层管理者为研究对象,探讨CEO变革型领导行为影响组织惯例更新的机制和情境。通过统计软件SPSS和AMOS对203份高管团队及中层管理者匹配的数据分析发现：CEO变革型领导行为对中层管理者组织认同和组织惯例更新具有正向影响作用,中层管理者组织认同在CEO变革型领导行为与组织惯例更新的关系间起到中介作用。中层管理者集体主义倾向不仅调节了组织认同与组织惯例更新之间的关系,还进一步调节了组织认同在CEO变革型领导行为与组织惯例更新之间关系中的中介效用,即中层管理者集体主义倾向越低,CEO变革型领导行为通过组织认同对组织惯例更新的间接影响作用越强。研究结论有利于深入探讨CEO变革型领导行为影响组织惯例更新的中介机制和情境,并有效指导企业的组织惯例更新实践。     

变革型领导、心理授权与员工的组织承诺:中国情景下的实证研究

已有文献主要集中于变革型领导与员工组织承诺的关系研究,而对两者间的中介变量的研究很少,在国内这一点研究几乎是空白。通过问卷调查中国境内企业972位管理人员,本文试图研究变革型领导与员工组织承诺之间的关系,尤其是研究心理授权在其中的中介作用。在初步研究的基础上,本文系统地验证了变革型领导、心理授权和组织承诺各概念的结构效度及3者间的区分效度。研究结果显示:变革型领导与员工组织承诺是正的相关关系,并且心理授权在两者间起完全中介作用。研究告诉企业领导者,不仅要通过塑造自身的变革型领导风格来提高员工对组织的承诺,而且要善于为员工营造一种心理授权的感受,提高员工的自我效能和自尊,从而提高员工的组织承诺。     

中国情境下领导-部属交换对员工创造力的影响机制研究

员工创造力是企业创新的微观基础,而已有文献还未能深入地探讨在中国情境下领导-部属交换如何有效地激发员工创造力。本文通过问卷调查和分析本土企业管理者及其直接下属的配对样本,将内在动机和内部人身份认知作为中介变量,构建并验证了领导-部属交换与员工创造力的关系。结构方程建模分析的结果表明,领导-部属交换对员工创造力有显著的正向影响,内在动机和内部人身份认知在领导-部属交换影响员工创造力的过程中起完全中介作用。     

组织承诺维度分化视角下变革型领导对员工创造力的影响研究

知识经济时代,员工创造力成为企业创新的源泉和持续动力。变革型领导以其个人魅力、智力激发和鼓励关怀来增强员工的组织承诺,进而有效提升员工创造力。从个体层面探讨组织承诺的三维度(感情承诺、持续承诺和规范承诺)在变革型领导与员工创造力之间的不同中介作用,感情承诺和规范承诺在变革型领导与员工创造力之间的完全中介作用,以及持续承诺对员工创造力并无显著影响。这说明在中国情境下,领导可通过培养员工对组织的感情承诺和规范承诺来提升员工创造力水平,而持续承诺对创造力的作用不明显,甚至可能抑制创造力的产生。     

意义构建理论视角下领导积极结果框架对员工数字化创造力的影响研究

通过聚焦于企业数字化转型变革环境中的领导愿景沟通场景,从意义构建理论视角,探讨了激活员工数字化创造力的有效领导意义给赋策略,构建了领导积极结果框架影响员工数字化创造力的链式中介模型,并据此分析了领导地位在其中所起到的调节作用。研究结论表明：领导积极结果框架可直接促进员工的数字化创造力,同时也可通过唤起员工的认知与情感共鸣产生间接的促进作用,即未来工作自我清晰度与和谐型工作激情分别在领导积极结果框架对员工数字化创造力的影响中起中介作用,并共同发挥链式中介作用;领导积极结果框架唤起的员工认知与情感共鸣程度均能受到领导地位正向调节效应的影响。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.