包容型领导对团队创新行为的影响——团队心理安全感的中介作用

以128个工作团队为研究样本,对包容型领导对团队创新行为的影响,以及团队心理安全感的中介作用进行实证研究。研究结果表明:包容型领导与团队心理安全感、团队创新行为存在显著的正相关关系,团队心理安全感在包容型领导、团队创新行为之间起到部分中介作用。基于此,团队领导者通过积极塑造包容型领导风格,加强团队成员的心理安全感,营造鼓励创新的团队氛围,从而有利于提高团队创新行为,为组织发展带来新活力,实现组织的可持续发展。     

团队成员目标取向与建言行为的关系:一个跨层分析

研究以国内某大型企业集团27个营销团队共201名团队成员为研究对象,采用多水平研究方法,通过构建多层数据模型(HLM),以自我激励和个体-情景互动理论为框架对团队成员个体目标导向、团队氛围和员工建言行为的关系进行了探讨.研究发现目标导向不同的个体,其建言行为也有差异,相对于发展导向,表现导向的个体更多地卷入建言行为.团队心理安全感不仅对员工建言行为有直接显著影响,而且在个体目标导向(表现导向)与建言行为的关系中有正向的跨层调节效应:团队心理安全感越高,表现导向的个体越倾向于建言行为,团队心理安全感越低,表现导向与建言行为的关系越不明显.团队氛围对于其他目标导向与建言行为关系的跨层调节效果不显著.     

团队成员创新行为的两层影响因素:个人目标取向与团队创新气氛

当代企业的发展越来越依赖于创新型员工与创新型团队,影响个人创新行为的主要因素一直是研究者关注的热点.本文根据目标取向理论的相关研究结论,将团队创新气氛因素纳入到目标取向对团队成员创新行为影响的研究中.通过对70个团队(包含352个团队成员)样本的调查,运用分层线性模型分析技术,对个人层次目标取向与团队层次创新气氛时创新行为的主效应与交互效应进行了分析.结果表明:团队成员学习目标取向对其创新行为具有显著正向影响,且这种正向效应不会受到团队创新气氛的调节作用;成员证明目标取向对其创新行为的正向影响不显著,但团队创新气氛可以显著调节(增强)这种正向效应;成员回避目标取向对其创新行为具有显著负向影响,但团队创新气氛可以显著调节(减弱)这种负向效应.最后讨论了本研究的管理启示、研究局限及研究展望.     

包容型领导对一线员工服务创新的影响研究

基于社会信息加工理论,本文构建了包容型领导对一线员工服务创新行为影响的实证研究模型。通过对8家企业展开两阶段问卷调查,最终获得了184份有效上下级配对样本。统计分析结果表明,包容型领导对员工服务创新具有显著的正向影响;心理安全感在包容型领导与员工服务创新之间起到部分中介作用;绩效目标导向负向调节心理安全感与员工服务创新之间的关系。     

不同差错氛围激发团队突破性创造力的机理研究：社会信息处理视角

为了揭示不同差错氛围影响团队突破性创造力的内部机理,首先基于社会信息处理理论分析团队突破性创造力形成要素和路径,提出差错管理氛围和差错反感氛围通过影响团队心理、认知和社会互动三方面关键要素(简称三要素)作用于团队突破性创造力的理论框架,然后考察差错管理氛围和差错反感氛围对团队突破性创造力的直接效应,以及通过三要素,即团队心理安全感、团队认知柔性和团队建设性辩论作用于团队突破性创造力的平行中介效应,构建不同差错氛围影响团队突破性创造力的“心理-认知-社会”机理模型。采用层次回归、Bootstrap检验和瞬时中介检验等分析方法针对119个创新团队的配对问卷调研数据进行实证检验,研究结果表明：(1)团队心理安全感、团队认知柔性和团队建设性辩论均正向影响团队突破性创造力;(2)差错管理氛围正向影响而差错反感氛围负向影响团队突破性创造力;(3)差错管理氛围正向影响团队心理安全感、团队认知柔性和团队建设性辩论,而差错反感氛围倒U型影响团队建设性辩论和负向影响团队心理安全感;(4)团队心理安全感、团队认知柔性和团队建设性辩论中介了差错管理氛围对团队突破性创造力的影响,团队建设性辩论和团队心理安全感中...     

团队心理授权、组织公民行为与团队绩效的关系

本文旨在探讨团队心理授权对团队绩效产生影响的作用机制,即团队心理授权是否会通过团队水平组织公民行为的中介作用对团队绩效产生影响.采用多元回归和结构方程建模分析了团队心理授权、团队水平组织公民行为以及团队绩效之间的关系,研究样本自于32家企业的156个工作团队的568名员工.结果表明:团队心理授权对团队水平组织公民行为、团队绩效有正向影响;团队水平组织公民行为在团队心理授权与团队主动性之间具有完全中介作用,在团队心理授权与团队工作绩效之间具有部分中介作用.     

家庭支持型主管行为对女性员工创新绩效的影响研究

通过构建"情境刺激—心理感知—情感感知—行为选择"的整合模型,研究心理安全感和工作生活质量在家庭支持型主管行为和女性员工创新绩效关系中的单独中介作用及链式中介作用,并探究女性角色态度的调节作用。以来自创新型企业的445名女性员工为样本,运用回归分析法对数据进行检验,结果表明:家庭支持型主管行为能正向预测女性员工创新绩效,心理安全感和工作生活质量分别在二者关系中起单独中介作用,心理安全感和工作生活质量在二者关系中起链式中介作用,女性角色态度在家庭支持型主管行为和女性员工创新绩效的关系中起调节作用。     

绩效薪酬对团队成员探索行为和利用行为的影响

基于期望理论和公平理论视角,从团队层面对绩效薪酬与团队成员探索性创新行为(简称探索行为)和利用性创新行为(简称利用行为)的关系进行跨层次研究,检验团队薪酬水平的调节效应.采用上下级问卷匹配的方式搜集调查数据,运用HLM 6.0对来自51名团队主管和329名团队成员的匹配数据进行统计分析.研究结果表明,绩效薪酬与探索行为之间为倒U形关系,与利用行为之间为正相关关系.薪酬水平调节绩效薪酬与探索行为的关系,在高薪酬水平情境下,高强度绩效薪酬对探索行为的负向效应更弱;在低薪酬水平情境下,高强度绩效薪酬对探索行为的负向效应更强.薪酬水平正向调节绩效薪酬与利用行为之间的关系,团队薪酬水平越高,绩效薪酬与利用行为之间的正向关系越强.为绩效薪酬有效性研究提供了一个新的研究视角,研究结论对指导企业优化团队薪酬决策及改进创新管理具有重要的实践价值.     

双元领导对团队创新绩效影响研究——基于惯例视角

领导力及组织双元领域的研究认为,领导者的悖论认知模式和管理行为对于组织中任何一种双元形式的构建都发挥着重要的作用。然而,目前学术界对于这种复杂领导方式的具体作用效果及影响机制,尤其是对于团队创新过程中如何有针对性地处理团队整体性与个体差异性间存在的突出矛盾这一问题仍然缺乏深入的研究。 基于社会认知理论、组织双元理论和动态能力理论,从团队惯例视角出发,构建双元领导行为-团队双元文化-团队创新绩效的影响过程模型,探讨领导行为的协调作用,同时以成员自我调节导向和环境动态性作为调节变量,研究在此影响过程中团队内、外部情景因素的调节作用。采用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 17.0进行多层次回归分析和组间方差分析,对来自长三角区域高新技术型企业中123个知识团队的调研数据进行实证分析。 研究结果表明,①双元领导对团队创新绩效具有积极影响并且显著优于单一领导方式,而变革型领导和交易型领导对团队创新绩效的影响并无显著差异,但要显著优于无明显领导风格的团队,且这两种领导方式能够产生协同效应,其交互正向影响团队创新绩效;②双元领导主要通过团队双元文化部分中介作用直接或间接影响团队创新绩效,但其所包含的变革型和交易型领导行为对团队创新绩效的作用机理存在差异,变革型领导主要通过适应性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效,交易型领导则通过一致性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效;③自我调节导向在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用;④环境动态性在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用。     

促进型调节定向对研发人员跨边界行为的影响研究

 研发人员的跨边界行为是影响研发团队创造力的关键因素,已有研究证明跨边界行为对创造力起积极的促进作用,但对于如何提升研发团队成员的跨边界行为仍缺乏深入探讨。        基于社会认知理论和特质激活理论,跨越个体-团队两个层次,构建成员促进型调节定向-跨边界行为的影响整合模型,以成员创新自我效能感和个人主动性作为中介变量,研究二者在此影响过程中的中介作用。此外,以领导促进型调节定向作为调节变量,探讨其在此影响过程中的调节作用。采用MPLUS 7.0和HLM 6.08软件进行主效应、中介效应和调节效应检验,采用来自西南地区3家研究院的研发团队中279组领导-成员配对的纵向调研数据进行实证分析。        研究结果表明,①团队成员的促进型调节定向对跨边界行为产生积极显著的正向影响;②团队成员的创新自我效能感和个人主动性在促进型调节定向与跨边界行为的关系中具有显著的中介作用,且个人主动性对跨边界行为的影响和中介效应显著性均强于创新自我效能感;③领导的促进型调节定向会调节成员的促进型调节定向与跨边界行为之间的关系,当领导的促进型调节定向越强时,成员的促进型调节定向对跨边界行为的正向影响也相对更强。        研究结果厘清了研发团队中调节定向与跨边界行为之间的影响关系,为跨边界行为研究提供了新的视角,同时为企业人力资源管理和研发团队管理提供了新的思路,即应重视员工心理需求、营造良好的创新氛围以及努力实现领导－成员的心理动机匹配等。     

客户关系管理价值链研究

在电子商务时代,以客户为中心的客户关系管理(CRM)成为增强企业核心竞争是客户价值管理,本文对CRM价值链进行了初步探讨,提出了CRM价值链模型,并对CRM价值链的基本阶段及其支持条件进行了深入的分析.     

The management of development— The next decade

In this article the author argues that the last decade of development has proved to be a myth. He suggests that the poor countries have probably been exploited during this period. He believes that ‘aid’ programmes have badly misfired. However he is constructively critical and puts forward guidelines for planning and action. While he acknowledges that the task is huge he believes that we have the potential, given the desire to achieve success.     

项目团队有效性的影响因素界定与实现

本文从项目管理的层面界定了影响项目团队有效性的五个因素即团队价值观、人际互动关系、角色分配、团队领导的能力与团队智慧,这些因素无一不受到项目团队的学习能力的影响,因此,项目团队的学习是提高项目团队有效性的重要途径.由此,本文给出了项目团队的IWRAM学习模式和深度汇谈的具体学习方法.     

Early Retirement: The Case of The Netherlands

ABSTRACT This article takes a closer look at the scope of actual early retirements, reasons for choosing early retirement, the popularity of different types of flexible retirement schemes, and the status of elderly employees within their own organization. It appears that positive reasons for choosing early retirement are more often mentioned by persons in higher professional groups, by those with a higher level of education, and by those who work in the civil service or the service sector. Neutral and negative reasons are mentioned more often by persons in lower professional groups, by those with a lower level of education, and by those working in the industrial sector. Although the motives for opting for early retirement differ, there do not appear to be great differences between categories of respondents if they have been able to choose their age at retirement personally, within specified age limits. Approximately a quarter of the respondents indicated they would leave work at the age of 60, even if this meant a 30% drop in net income.     

The Management of Redundancies in Europe: The Case of Denmark

The paper presents the findings of comparative and interdisciplinary legal and economic study on managing labour redundancies in seven EU member countries. It is structured for comparability between the systems examined. The introductory section contains an account of the evolution of the Danish labour market, with special reference to redundancy trends, of the features of the programmes for managing redundancies, of the roles of firms and the ‘external environment’ in handling workforce adjustments. The second section presents a map of policies that work to prevent labour redundancies (preventive measures) such as flexibility, training etc. Next, the instruments for handling temporary labour redundancies (retentive measures) are examined (e.g. short-time working, temporary layoffs etc.). The following section is devoted to instruments and programmes involved in the management of permanent labour redundancies (expulsive measures), e.g. collective dismissals, severance pay etc. The final section provides an overall assessment of the Danish system for managing labour redundancies, and briefly discusses the national debate on the prospects for reform, in light of the principles and policies of convergence set forth by the European Union.     

The Dynamism of Organizational Practices: The Role of Employment Blueprints

This paper explores how founders’ blueprints affect the dynamism of organizational practices, and in particular the capability to sustain as well as change practices. First, a theoretical argument is developed on the critical role of founders’ blueprints of the employment model, which are difficult to alter and mark firms’ future paths by affecting the dynamism of organizational practices over an extended period of time. Subsequently, case studies of several organizational practices in three management consulting firms in the USA, the Netherlands and the UK illustrate how founders’ conceptions of the employment relationship (i.e. their employment model) affect the way in which competing demands of continuity and renewal are addressed. Moreover, engineering‐ or commitment‐oriented blueprints appear to facilitate the capability to adapt, while autocratic blueprints do not.     

The Management of Redundancies in Europe: The Case of Spain

The paper presents the findings of a comparative and interdisciplinary legal and economic study on managing labour redundancies in seven EU member countries. It is structured for comparability between the systems examined. The introductory section contains an account of the evolution of the Spanish labour market, with special reference to redundancy trends, of the features of the programmes for managing redundancies, of the roles of forms and the ‘external environment’ in handling workforce adjustments. The second section presents a map of policies that work to prevent labour redundancies (preventive measures) such as flexibility, training etc. Next, the instruments for handling temporary labour redundancies (retentive measures) are examined (e.g. short-time working, temporary layoffs etc.) The following section is devoted to instruments and programmes involved in the management of permanent labour redundancies (expulsive measures), e.g. collective dismissals, severance pay etc. The final section provides and overall assessment of the Spanish system for managing labour redundancies, and briefly discusses the national debate on the prospects for reform, in light of the principles and policies of convergence set forth by the European Union.     

The Decline of Deference: The Political Context of Risk Communication

Risk communication is seen as an important adjunct to the process of siting locally noxious facilities. To understand how risk communication might function in such a process, one needs to understand the political context that gives rise to public opposition to such facilities in the first place. This analysis draws on a variety of data to describe the decline of deference, a situation in which a hostile and alienated public is mobilized primarily through ad hoc voluntary organizations, and is increasingly reluctant to defer important decisions to institutional elites. Risk communication programs must be designed to offset the trends that result in the decline of deference. This conclusion differs markedly from the conventional wisdom that risk communication is merely a device for providing information to citizens so sthat they may make more rational decisions.     

The Management of Redundancies in Europe: The Case of Germany

The paper presents the findings of comparative and interdisciplinary legal and economic study on managing labour redundancies in seven EU member countries. It is structured for immediate comparability between the systems examined. The introductory section contains an account of the evolution of the German labour market, with special reference to redundancy trends, of the features of the programmes for managing redundancies, of the roles of firms and the ‘external environment’ in handling workforce adjustments. The second section presents a map of policies that work to prevent labour redundancies (preventive measures) such as flexibility, training etc. Next, the instruments for handling temporary labour redundancies (retentive measures) are examined (e.g. short-time working, temporary layoffs etc.). The following section is devoted to instruments and programmes involved in the management of permanent labour redundancies (expulsive measures), e.g. collective dismissals, severance pay etc. The final section provides an overall assessment of the German system for managing labour redundancies, and briefly discusses the national debate on the prospects for reform, in light of the principles and policies of convergence set forth by the European Commission.