老年人口健康生活质量评价原则的探讨

老年人口健康生活质量的评价是社会养老保障决策过程中的重要依据之一。目前 ,尽管各国都进行了许多有关的评价研究 ,但老年人口生活质量的评价还没有较成熟的权威性量表 ,各种方法各有利弊。本文结合传统的老年人健康状态和功能评价 ,以及老年人口的特点 ,探讨了老年人健康状态和功能评价的思路和内容     

中国老年人隔代照料与健康后果的实证研究及政策思考

在中国家庭代际关系的研究中,隔代照料这一选题极为重要,隔代照料也是老年和家庭福利政策制定的重要影响因素。老年人隔代照料与健康问题日益受到国内学者的关注,但对两者相关性的深入实证考察较少,仅有的研究也未就隔代照料产生的健康后果达成共识,政策应对亦存局限。为此,本文基于2014年中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)截面数据,探讨中国老年人照料孙子女对自身健康产生的后果及几个主要变量之间的交互作用,对其进行量化研究并通过稳健性检验。研究得出三项基本结论:隔代照料的健康后果受到照料强度、子女特征、居住模式及老年人自身罹患慢性疾病状况的影响,在不同的特征状况下呈现不同的健康结果;照料者受教育程度、照料者性别、健在子女数等变量间的交互作用对被解释变量(照料者健康)产生了不同程度的调节作用,成年子女向上的代际支持也对老年照料者的健康发挥了调节作用;使用工具变量(照料者是否享受老年优待政策)进行因果识别在一定程度上克服了解释变量与被解释变量间的内生性问题。最后,本文基于上述实证研究的结果从代际关系视角、社会性别视角和老年婚姻社会功能等方面提出公共政策的应对思考,以期为制定相应的老年和家庭福利政策提供策略...     

子女离婚对老年人健康的影响研究--基于CLASS数据的实证分析

婚姻稳定性下降、人口老龄化加剧预示着越来越多的老年人会经历子女离婚,然而子女离婚是否以及如何影响老年父母健康尚缺乏研究。本文基于生命历程理论和社会性别理论,从老年健康的角度出发,强调来自家庭层面子女离婚的影响,并从家庭代际经济支持等方面分析子女离婚如何影响老年健康及其发生的机制,探索家庭内部影响因素间的作用与联系。本文利用2014年和2018年“中国老年社会追踪调查数据”(CLASS)分析子女离婚对老年父母健康状况的影响。研究发现对于当前我国老年人而言,子女离婚仍是少数,但子女离婚会对老年父母健康带来冲击,表现为有离婚子女的老年人更可能自评身体不健康、慢性病患病数量显著更多、精神健康水平更低;子女离婚对老年父母的健康负面影响具有持久性;相较于儿子离婚,女儿离婚的老年人更可能自觉身体不健康;子女离婚对父母健康的影响具有性别异质性,离婚更易影响女儿对父母的经济支持水平是一个重要原因。     

生育行为对老年女性健康的影响

立足于老龄化和生育政策调整的背景,文章利用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,通过建立加速时效时间模型,系统分析了包含子女数量、性别结构、生育时间和生育期长等在内的生育行为对女性进入老年时期的健康的影响,并进一步在个体层面上测算了老年女性的健康生存时间.实证结果发现,生育行为对老年女性的健康会产生重要影响.从健康角度来看,生男生女都一样;而多子不但不会多福,还会降低老年女性的健康福利;同时,初育年龄太大或太小都将不利于女性老年时期的健康水平,而生育期延长会显著提升女性老年时期的健康水平.文章还探讨了生育行为对老年女性健康的影响机制,认为在目前生育政策调整的背景下应关注生育行为改变对女性健康的潜在影响.     

吉林省农村老年妇女生存现状调查与思考

针对老龄化背景下中国农村老年妇女生存贫困化和边缘化的社会现象,以吉林省2008年度社科基金项目"吉林省百村老年妇女生存状况研究"调查数据为依据,从社会性别视角描述和分析吉林省农村老年女性的经济、政治、文化娱乐、健康医疗、婚姻家庭与养老等方面的生存状况,揭示我国老年女性生存现状的特点以及存在的特殊性问题。农村孤寡老年女性生存状况较差,农村老年女性生存问题主要集中在孤寡老年女性贫困问题、老年女性健康问题、老年女性政治参与问题等方面,并为改善老年女性生存状况提出相应的对策建议。     

老年人与子女同住 对老年健康的影响分析

随着我国老龄化程度的持续加深和疾病谱的转变,当前社会存在大量老年照料需求,尽管国家和社会在积极构建养老服务体系,但短期内与子女同住的家庭养老模式仍将发挥重要作用。与子女同住会对老年健康产生一定的影响,这种影响对于不同健康程度的老年人也存在差异。本文基于南加州大学经济与社会研究中心提供的Harmonized CHARLS 2013-2015年追踪数据,选取我国60岁及以上老年群体为研究对象,以虚弱指数表征健康结果,采用OLS回归和分位数回归的方法探讨与子女同住的居住模式对老年健康的影响及这一影响对不同虚弱程度的老年人是否匀质,通过滞后模型设计和倾向值匹配法控制可能存在的内生性问题。研究发现居住模式与虚弱指数存在显著的正向关系,表明居住模式会影响老年健康水平;与子女同住对老年人健康存在负面效应,而在父母附近分而不离的居住模式相较于与子女同住而言对老年人的健康更为有利;与子女同住对老年健康的这种负向影响对于不同虚弱程度的老年人而言是非线性、非匀质的,大致呈先增后降的倒U形分布,表明不同健康状况的老年人对子女的照料需求是不同的,这种影响在不同性别、城乡和年龄段的老年群体间各有差异。这就为与子女同住的居住模式提供了一些警示,与子女同住不能改变老年健康衰减的趋势,应尽量减少或规避可能增加老年人晚年健康负担的风险性因素,让"家"真正成为老年人安享晚年的港湾。     

老年健康数据质量评估问题探讨

评价老年健康数据的标准可分为效度、信度和准确度。效度就是用来测度老年健康的标识或变量是否正确恰当地度量了想要研究的内容。信度是指度量方法的一致性程度或排除随机误差的程度。准确度是效度和信度的统一和综合 ,是观察值与真值间的差距。在老年健康数据质量的评价中 ,我们可以应用诸如单变量描述统计、交叉表分析、均数分析、方差分析、敏感性分析、相关分析、多元回归分析、因子分析、内部一致性分析等众多统计分析方法和诸如条目应答理论等特殊模型对构成老年健康内容的各个变量和指标进行各种效度和信度评估     

城乡差异、数字鸿沟与老年健康不平等北大核心CSSCI

城乡老年健康不平等是制约社会均衡发展的重要因素。人口老龄化加剧的发展趋势、城乡二元结构的现实国情和数字化时代背景三重叠加的社会环境下,城乡老年健康不平等问题亟待关注。文章基于2017年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,采用回归分析法检验城乡老年健康不平等的存在性和具体表现,以逐步检验回归系数法和KHB中介效应测度法检验数字鸿沟的中介效应。研究发现城乡老年健康不平等客观存在,表现为城市老年人的身心健康显著优于农村老年人。在身体健康方面,城市老年人健康得分比农村老年人高0.367分,互联网使用中介效应在总效应中的占比为27.75%;在心理健康方面,城市老年人健康得分比农村老年人高0.306分,互联网使用中介效应在总效应中的占比为15.17%。上述结果具有稳健性。互联网功能利用的差异为城乡老年健康不平等形成提供了可能的解释,即城市老年人比农村老年人更多使用互联网健康促进功能,其健康水平得到提升。基于以上结论,社会各界应加快促进数字鸿沟的弥合,避免城乡老年健康不平等进一步加剧。以数字技术的正向功能为支撑、公共政策为必要保障,通过全方位的资源投入与支持帮助老年人融入数字化社会,充分利用数字技术的健康促进功能,使城乡老年健康不平等状况得到缓解。     

丧偶对中国老年人健康的影响:社会连结的调节作用北大核心CSSCI

中国作为人口老龄化发展速度最快的国家之一,正在迎来规模日益庞大的晚年丧偶群体。预计2050年我国60岁及以上的丧偶人口规模将达到1.18亿左右。近年来老年丧偶者的生活质量受到政府和学界的广泛关注。本文利用六期“中国老年人健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)”数据分析丧偶对我国老年人多种健康指标的影响以及社会连结在其中发挥的调节作用。研究发现丧偶会影响老年人的健康后果和健康行为。在健康后果方面,丧偶对老年人认知功能的影响具有显著的性别差异。丧偶降低了老年男性的认知功能,但在一定时期内提高了老年女性的认知功能。同时,丧偶会对老年人的心理健康产生负面影响。在健康行为方面,丧偶提高了老年女性参与体育锻炼的可能性和老年男性抽烟的可能性。此外,丧偶效应因丧偶前社会连结的不同而存在差异。婚姻质量较低的老年男性在丧偶之后IADL能力反而提高;经常打牌/麻将有助于抑制丧偶对老年男性和女性IADL能力的不利影响,同时也可以抑制丧偶对老年女性慢性病数量的增加作用;子女支持有助于抑制丧偶对老年男性心理健康的负面影响。     

中国老年人口健康状况分析北大核心CSSCI

文章利用2010年第六次人口普查中的自评健康数据对中国老年人口健康状况的年龄差异、性别差异、城乡和地区差异、婚姻状况差异进行分析。研究发现:老年人口总体健康状况较好,男性老年人健康状况好于女性;随着年龄的增大,老年人口健康状况变差;城镇老年人健康状况好于农村老年人,各省区老年人健康状况差异很大,东部地区老年人健康状况普遍较好,而中西部大多数地区健康老年人的比例相对较低;健康老年人大部分在经济上是独立的,不健康的老年人大部分要依靠家庭成员供养。     

民族人口研究的进展

本文对十一五期间民族人口研究的论文进行了梳理与归纳。认为目前中国民族人口的研究现状是:对各民族的人口状况基本清楚,研究能紧密联系实际,研究队伍较强和研究内容广泛,学科不断进步,同时也存在基础研究薄弱,高质量的成果较少的问题。     

Challenges and Strategies of Sexual Minority Youth Research in Southwest Virginia

A research team that works on scholarship related to sexual minority issues has been conducting research and recruiting participants since the fall of 2012. In the years since the team was formed, there has been a variety of challenges with recruitment, approval for research through the Institutional Review Board, gaining access to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) community, and general mistrust of researchers. Using concepts from feminist-informed qualitative research methodology—including reflexivity, positionality, and engaging in research with individuals from marginalized communities—we present reflections on some of the methodological challenges the research team has encountered while trying to conduct LGBQ research in southwest Virginia. This article encompasses the viewpoints of multiple members of the research team, including those who are faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students with identities across the sexual orientation spectrum.     

Students as researchers: An example of high-level participation of undergraduate midwifery students as co-investigators in research

BackgroundThere is a shift in focus of the curricula of undergraduate midwifery research-education - from research content to the research process, and the student from being an observer to a participant.Aim and MethodsTo explore an example of how to involve midwifery students as co-investigators in research. This paper discusses the experiences of an educational research project that adopted the highest level of student autonomy in research, involving six Bachelor of Midwifery final-year students participating as co-investigators in qualitative research focusing on women’s lived experiences of traumatic childbirth. The experiences are supported by the parameters of research-education and learning, and are discussed in the context of the dimensions of framing undergraduate research: Motivation, Inclusivity, Content, Originality, Setting, Collaboration, Focus and AudienceDiscussionCrucial for this educational research project is the recognition of the motivation, interests, (experiential) knowledge and real-world experiences of students. It starts with listening to the questions, thoughts and ideas that students bring, recognising and respecting the content and importance of their work and what is important and meaningful to them, while facilitating a student-led learning process. Collaboration between students and students and supervisors needs to be formally facilitated and supported, as this contributes to qualitative products for curricular and extra-curricular products. An academic infrastructure is necessary to support extra-curricular activities.ConclusionTo embed research adequately and effectively in the curriculum, a pedagogical approach, institutional learning and student-centred teaching strategies and practices, including high impact practices to mainstream undergraduate research and enquiry, are crucial.     

中国生态移民的研究——一个文献综述

生态移民是近年研究移民和生态环境方面的热点问题之一,国内的研究还处于初级阶段,但已经有一些可喜的研究成果。本文试图归纳总结其中部分有代表性的观点进行分析,以期对以后更深入的研究提供些许铺垫。     

Some Spatial Politics of Queer-Feminist Research: Personal Reflections From the Field

ABSTRACT

This article addresses methodological issues emerging from research conducted with Trans in the Center, an LGBT activist group in Tel Aviv, Israel. It addresses some complex issues related to the politics and ethics of applying queer and feminist methodology to qualitative research in a trans, queer, and feminist community space. The focus is on two issues: the researcher’s positionality vis-à-vis the participants and selecting the appropriate methodology in relation to the characteristics of the group under study. Such issues demonstrate how queer and feminist principles are articulated and interwoven in geographical-spatial research in two different dimensions: in the research practice and methodology and in the practices and the spaces created by the activity of the researched group itself. I conclude with insights arising from the attempt to apply feminist and queer paradigms in both theory and research, and I call for their integration into geographical research.     

我国农村特困老人供养的研究述评

近年来,关于特困老人养老问题国内外都有一些探讨。总结国内外学者的研究成果,有利于为进一步研究提供指导。通过研究发现,国内学者特困老人养老的研究主要从特困养老制度变迁、特困养老模式、特困养老存在的问题等角度进行研究;而国外学者则更加关注孤寡老人和孤寡老年妇女养老的研究。这可以为日后理论与实践研究提供建议和研究方向。最后从加强基础理论研究、细化特困对象、强化特困老人需求研究和统筹协调相关制度等四个层面提出了未来研究的建议。     

Decentralizing population education research

Population education research will now be conducted at the regional, division, and local levels. It is expected that this decentralization will solve problems faced by population education teachers and supervisors in the field and help to formulate curricula suitable to local needs. It will also mean changes in the implementation of the research activities of the Department of Education and Culture-Population Education Program. Since its creation in 1972 the Population Education Program of the Research Unit has been conducting research studies on a centralized basis, seeking out research leads, conducting studies to determine the content and methodology of program curriculum, and assessing the effectiveness of training programs. During the past 3 years the Research Unit has also made significant progress in monitoring the program's activities - determining problems and needs, making recommendations on the basis of findings, and initiating action on such recommendations. 1 recommendation is to establish regional centers for research activities. If approved by the Commission on Population, the proposal will bring about major changes in the research program, the most significant of which will be the establishment of research centers in 12 teacher-training institutions all over the country. Additionally, these institutions will offer consultative services to researchers in the field. The reorganization of the research program, as well as the eventual restructuring of the Training and Curriculum Units, anticipates the withdrawal of foreign financial assistance by 1977. In the decentralized setup, basic results gathered by regional research centers can be immediately consumed by the training or curriculum staff based in these institutions. With decentralization and the related activities, the Population Education Program shows itself capable of responding to emerging research needs.     

Demography and the environment

Demographers' interest in the environment has generally been enmeshed in broader issues of population growth and economic development. Empirical research by demographers on environmental issues other than natural-resource constraints is limited. In this paper, I briefly review past demographic thinking about population and the environment and suggest reasons for the limited scope of demographic research in this area. Next, I describe more recent demographic research on the environment and suggest several newer areas for demographic research. Finally, I consider the future of research on the environment in the field of demography.     

Researching international student migration in Asia: research design and project management issues

In the context of Asia, the changing dynamics of higher education has increased the visibility and significance of the group of intraregional education migrants. There are several methodological issues which need to be addressed in conducting research for this group of migrants. First, how does the particular type of migrant group and Asian context influence the research design? Second, in order to capture the scale and diversity of this migrant group, how should research be conducted across multiple sites? Third, how does a mixed method design allow researchers to learn more about the behaviour, practice and orientations of education migrants? Our paper aims to make contributions to the discussions on the methods of education migration research in Asia through answering these questions. We use research experiences and preliminary data from a multinational project to illustrate the issues involved in the selection of methods, research design and project management.