从会计经济后果和会计寻租看会计准则的制定

会计准则作为会计信息生产与提供的规范,不纯粹是一种技术手段,而是一种具有经济后果的制度。"经济后果"的提出,改变了人们对会计的认识:"会计不是绝对中立的,它可能会给不同的利益相关者带来不同的经济后果"。"经济后果"的提出,使制定者能够正视"经济后果"的存在。正是由于会计准则的"经济后果"性,利益相关者纷纷游说会计规则制定者,并对其施加压力,由此产生了会计寻租。     

我国会计准则国际化的利弊分析

随着经济全球化、资本市场国际化的日益发展,会计作为一门商业语言,也必须跨越国界,才能在国际商务交流中更好地传情达意,会计准则的国际化已经成为毋庸置疑的大趋势。本文将对会计准则国际化的带来的经济后果及我们如何应对这一趋势做出初步的探讨。     

我国会计准则经济后果的特殊表现

会计准则作为会计信息生产与提供的规范,不纯粹是一种技术手段,而是一种具有经济后果的制度。"经济后果"的提出,改变了人们对会计的认识:"会计不是绝对中立的,它可能会给不同的利益相关者带来不同的经济后果"。市场经济体制在我国仅仅初步建成,在许多方面市场化程度不高,这就决定了我国的会计准则有着强烈的中国特色,由此而引发的会计准则经济后果问题也不同于成熟的市场经济体制国家。由于市场经济体制中利益主体的多元化,再加上我国特殊的经济、政治、法律、文化环境,会计准则的经济后果是十分明显的。     

新会计准则对上市公司的影响研究

执行新会计准则，有利于国家宏观经济政策的实施，合理引导社会资源的配置；同时，对于提高股份有限公司会计信息质量起到了前所未有的积极作用；提高了会计准则的可接受性，得到投资者、债权人和管理层的信赖；而且大部分会计准则符合国际惯例，为我国资本市场信息规范化和国际化奠定了坚实的基础。     

我国会计准则变迁的博弈分析

会计准则具有经济后果,是利益相关者之间利益冲突与协调的结果,在会计准则的变迁过程中,原有会计准则的均衡状态被打破,与准则相关的利益集团围绕新的会计准则制定展开新一轮的博弈并达新的均衡.如此反复循环,向会计准则的理想状态--帕累托均衡逼近,实现社会资源的最优配置.     

新医改政策制定过程中的利益集团博弈分析

利益集团在政治生活中,尤其是在公共政策制定中扮演着非常重要的角色。所以对利益集团的利益博弈进行分析,有助于我们理解公共政策制定过程中存在的问题。本文以这次新医疗改革为例,以利益集团为切入点,分析了新医改政策制定中存在的利益博弈。     

中美会计准则制定机制比较

本文通过中美会计准则制定机制的比较分析,明确了两国会计准则的制定机构、制定程序、制定方法以及准则内容等方面的相同点和不同点,为制定我国的具体会计准则提供权衡和决策的依据。     

财务欺诈对会计准则制定的影响

“9.11什么都没有改变,而安然改变了一切”!这是美国著名经济学家克鲁格曼向人们提出的警示,它揭示了美国上市公司一系列的财务欺诈对美国投资者的信心和美国资本市场的严重打击。会计的发展是反应性的,会计密切依存于其赖以存在的客观经济环境。如果不从根源上探讨财务欺诈的深层动因,只局限于“救火式”的修修补补,那么很难确保安然事件不会重演。而我国的资本市场比美国更复杂,很多更具危害的事件因为各种原因而没有予以披露。因此,我们需要仔细探究会计准则制定的基本模式应如何进行适度的修正,以抑制愈演愈烈的财务欺诈。     

美国利益集团的政策制定概览

有关利益集团对于社会决策的影响问题,美国早期政治家是持怀疑态度的。詹姆斯·麦迪逊在对美国建国具有深远影响的《联邦党人文集》一书中表达了该看法,他指出:如果人们在经济利益的基础上联合起来,社会上的所有穷人就会接管政府。他认为利益集团从本质上来讲是坏的,庞大的、多样     

论会计准则体系下企业会计政策的选择

会计政策选择是一种会计主体在会计政策中进行有目的的挑选行为,企业恰当选择会计政策对于保证会计信息质量和有效地进行盈余管理有着非常重要的意义.不同经济环境下选择不同的会计政策,通常会导致公司的相关利益关系集团成员之间产生不同的利益分配结果和差异性社会资源配置效率.本文揭示了会计政策选择的客观必然性,对会计政策选择应遵循的原则进行了讨论,并对我国会计准则体系下会计政策的选择提出了一些看法.     

Industrial Relations Agenda for Change: The Case of the United States

ABSTRACT: Over the past several decades, all of the advanced industrial societies have experienced growing pressures on the institutions governing their industrial relations systems. In this paper, the authors analyze the changes in collective bargaining, and more generally, in the entire industrial relations system in the United States. This analysis also takes into consideration the environmental pressures that have produced these changes, and the measures taken by labour and management organizations to cope with them. Underlying this analysis is the central premise that sustaining and diffusing changes in industrial relations will be necessary to achieve a     

Canadian collections in the United States

The purpose of this article is to identify the libraries in the United States with collections of Canadian materials, the extent of the collections and some of the problems encountered in collecting Canadian publications. Questionnaires were sent to 49 selective and full depositories of Canadian federal documents and 306 depositories of United States federal documents, drawn from theList of Depository Libraries by random sample. It was found that those libraries not already designated as Canadian federal depositories in the United States for the most part either do not collect Canadian materials at all or have very limited collections. A directory of the Canadian depository libraries is included.In selecting Canadian publications, one person usually handles the federal documents while other publications are primarily selected by subject area. Thus it is understandable that upon receiving Canadian publications libraries primarily class some documents by catalogue number and integrate others into the library's main collection.Bibliographic control has improved greatly since 1927 with many changes in the public printing law and concerted attempts by concerned librarians and the Canadian Library Association.     

National planning in the United States

This paper is concerned with the relatively new interest in national planning in the United States. The effects of the Arab oil embargo and price increases, impending scarcities of minerals, inflation, unemployment, and other problems seem to be reversing the American public's negative views of planning by the Federal government. Assuming that negative sentiments are still strong and aware of the difficulty of institutional change, the authors submit a modest proposal for initiating a formal system of indicative national planning.The proposal is based upon an analysis of the economic challenges facing the United States and the apparent inability of the Federal government to respond effectively to change. The solution is seen as the need for an economic intelligence activity coupled to the formulation of ‘inventories of policy alternatives’, with a minimum of structural change or expansion in governmental structure.The recent Humphrey-Javits proposal for national planning is discussed briefly and critically.     

美国经济衰退原因及前景预测

美国经济在经过短暂的衰退之后出现了复苏迹象,但对于美国经济的发展前景,仍然是众说纷纭.试从美国发生经济衰退的原因入手,详尽地分析现阶段影响美国经济运行的各种因素,并对美国经济未来的发展做出预测.     

Retrospective Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Polio Vaccination in the United States

The history of polio vaccination in the United States spans 50 years and includes different phases of the disease, multiple vaccines, and a sustained significant commitment of resources. We estimated cost-effectiveness ratios and assessed the net benefits of polio vaccination applicable at various points in time from the societal perspective and we discounted these back to appropriate points in time. We reconstructed vaccine price data from available sources and used these to retrospectively estimate the total costs of the U.S. historical polio vaccination strategies (all costs reported in year 2002 dollars). We estimate that the United States invested approximately US dollars 35 billion (1955 net present value, discount rate of 3%) in polio vaccines between 1955 and 2005 and will invest approximately US dollars 1.4 billion (1955 net present value, or US dollars 6.3 billion in 2006 net present value) between 2006 and 2015 assuming a policy of continued use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for routine vaccination. The historical and future investments translate into over 1.7 billion vaccinations that prevent approximately 1.1 million cases of paralytic polio and over 160,000 deaths (1955 net present values of approximately 480,000 cases and 73,000 deaths). Due to treatment cost savings, the investment implies net benefits of approximately US dollars 180 billion (1955 net present value), even without incorporating the intangible costs of suffering and death and of averted fear. Retrospectively, the U.S. investment in polio vaccination represents a highly valuable, cost-saving public health program. Observed changes in the cost-effectiveness ratio estimates over time suggest the need for living economic models for interventions that appropriately change with time. This article also demonstrates that estimates of cost-effectiveness ratios at any single time point may fail to adequately consider the context of the investment made to date and the importance of population and other dynamics, and shows the importance of dynamic modeling.     

Regional planning regulation in the United States

The relationship between the public—and private sectors of any ‘mixed’ economy, and the means necessary to develop an ‘appropriate’ relationship for the particular social/political environment, continue to be questions of major significance for all economies. This article examines one aspect of this problem, the management of regulatory commissions in the United States.     

实际利率法在新会计准则中的应用分析

新企业会计准则颁布以来,实际利率法在会计实务中的应用范围更加广泛,其目的主要是为了更加客观地反映金融资产或金融负债的账面价值,切实提高会计信息的可靠性和相关性.本文将对实际利率法的含义及其在我国会计实务中的应用情况进行比较全面的阐述,以便广大会计人员正确理解并运用实际利率法进行相关问题的会计处理.     

Immigration and Occupational Crowding in the United States

ABSTRACT: The 1990 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is utilized to explore the effects that the occupational crowding of immigrants has on the real wages of indigenous and non-US citizen workers already in the United States. Findings include adverse wage effects as a result of the crowding of immigrants on the following worker categories: (1) indigenous, unskilled, white or black workers and (2) non-US citizen, skilled or unskilled black workers. Foreign-born, skilled, and white workers already in the US realize a positive effect on their real wages as a result of having a large relative number of non-US citizens in their occupations.     

The status of HRD research in the United States from 1980 to 1994

This study used the research methodology of citation analysis to elucidate the status of HRD research in the United States. The study results include information about core US journals, the number of articles published per year, and the type of article authorship. The results also provide information about the changing landscape for HRD publications.