ESP/EST in Theory and Practice

Two developments in the methodology of English teaching have been seen. One is the transition from ELT(English Language Teaching) to ESP(English for Special Purposes)teaching. The other is the transition from linguistic forms and syntactic structures to communicative activities. This essay discusses the classification of ESP/EST, argues for the purpose of ESP/EST teaching and GPE(General Purpose English)teaching. It is then suggested that the characteristics of objectives between ESP/EST and GPE should be differentiated. In the second part, the essay takes as its starting point two kinds of EST courses offered in institutions of higher learning in China. One has the nature of in-service language teaching. The other deals with the EST-majoring programme. The essay seeks to identify what are the main features of the EST-majoring programme, and stresses its practical nature of training and the concern with the learners' communicative competence.     

On Simile

This paper deals with one of the most important figures of speech—simile. All its characteristics and uses are to be talked about in this paper. It is hoped that a better understanding of simile will be obtained through this essay.     

幼儿园园本课程智库建设与开发

With the introduction of the “Two-Child Policy,” the resource allocation of kindergartens has been unprecedentedly challenged by many factors such as time, space, and geography. This study starts with the content of the curriculum resources of kindergarten and discusses the construction and development of the think tank of kindergarten curriculum in the context of the big data era. Based on the experience of educational think tank at home and abroad, the concept of think tanks in the kindergarten curriculum is clarified. Under the premise of excavating the four characteristics of the kindergarten-based curriculum think tank, including cross-age, knowledge sharing, interaction, and cultural inheritance and development, the ideas and core elements of the kindergarten-based curriculum think tank construction is proposed. The first one is the integration of the think tank resources of the kindergarten curriculum; the second one is the collection and application of practical results of the think tank of the kindergarten curriculum; the third one is the influence and evaluation of the think tank of the kindergarten curriculum; the fourth is the cultural heritage and development of the think tank of the kindergarten curriculum. It is expected to provide theoretical and practical references for the resource integration, construction, and promotion of children’s think thank and kindergarten curriculum in the future.     

Agents in branching space-times

The aim of this essay Is to make some brief suggestions on the beginnings of a theory of agentsand agency In branching spacetlmes.foe thought Is to combine the ideas of agency as developed agalnst the relatively simple background of branching time with the richer notions of Indetermlnlsm asstructured In the theory of branching space-times.My plan Is to say a little about agency In branchingtime and a little about branchlg spacetlmes,and then ask how the two can be brought together.Atthe end there Is an appendix,extracted from Belnap,Perloffand Xu 2001(Facing the future,hence-forth FF),listing In a convenient form all the main ideas about agents and their cholcesln branchingtime.     

An Experimental Investigation on Hydrostatic Extrusion of Tubes

Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the specimens hydroextruded, we explore the effecis of the technology parameters on the rules of the metal-flow deformation. Visioplasticity method is applied to numerical analysis of tubes(or rods). Based on the results of numerical analysis, it is noticed that there is considerable tensile strain in the inner wall of the billet near the inner side of the outlet of the die. The place and the form of fractures are discussed. In analysing some groups of specimens with variable parameters, different materials and different heat-treatment techniques are used. It should be pointed out here that rules of axisymmetric laminal flow of metallic billets hydroextruded are dependent upon the material and mechanical boundary conditions. Such flow rules have influenced not only the stress fields of the deformation zone of billet, but also the distribution of residual stresses of the tube. The optimization of the parameters is also discussed.     

英文摘要

On Schiller＇s Aesthetics of Drama --His Theory of Comedy
ZHA NG Yu-neng （College of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei,430079） Abstract： Throughout his life Schiller never wrote a comedy or an essay specifically on comedy. His limited discussion of comedy, however, formed the most unique theories of comedy and comedy aesthetics in the history of Western Aesthetics and literary theory. Schiller thinks tragedy ranks higher than comedy in terms of dramatic subject and objectives, but seen from the freedom of representation comedy should be superior to tragedy. Comedy represents the beautiful mind, and helps maintain the freedom of soul, but the comedian pursues an even higher purpose, which, once achieved, will make all tragedies become redundant. Schiller＇s theories of comedy and comedy aesthetics ended the classical comedy theory which degrades comedy and comedy art, and returned comedy to its due position, sublime purpose and great function. Key words： aesthetics of drama;drama ;comedy ;theory of comedy; aesthetics of comedy     

ABSTRACTSABSTRACTS OF MAJOR ARTICLES

Analysis of Regional Distribution of Plague of Locusts of Shandong in Ming Dynasty…………LI Qing - yong（ 1 ）
The plague of locusts of Shandong in Ming Dynasty is frequent, and is accompanied in the Ming Dy- nasty, spreading in Qilu and showing the characteristic that distinguish from propriety degree of Shandong region distribution. The plague of locusts of Shandong is the most serious in the Jinan Fu, relative lighter in the Qingzhou Fu, Yanzhou Fu, Dongchang Fu, Dengzhou Fu, and the lightest in the Laizhou Fu. The plague of the locusts in the central region of Shandong is most serious, relative lighter in the western region of Shandong, and the lightest in the eastern region of Shandong.     

悲的旋律画的诗篇--论蒲宁小说的艺术特色

介绍俄罗斯作家伊凡*阿列克谢叶维奇*蒲宁的生平及其主要作品,展示作家当时较为复杂的创作思想和作品的独特风格,概括和总结蒲宁小说的艺术特点。,This essay tells us about the Russian aut hor, Ivan. Alexselvich. Bulin, his life and his main works. It also shows the a uthors complicated creative ideas and the special styles of his works. And it summarizes the artistic characteristics of Bulin's novels.     

ANALYSIS OF SPEED READING

A student's reading ability can directly affect the understanding, analysis and thinking of many questions, affect the efficient study of various subjects, and also affect the absorption and input of all kinds of knowledge. That is the reason why it is necessary to strengthen the student's speed reading.     

On Jinggangshan Creative Spiritand Its Contemporary Value

Abstract：Jinggangshan spirit, a product of its historical conditions, is a great spiritual monument in the history of the Communist Party of China. It has abundant connotation but it core content is the creative spirit that includes two basic senses： pioneering spirit and combination of theory with practice. The Jinggangsgan creative spirit expired the Communist Party of China in leading the Chinese people to overcome all dangers and difficulties, win the victory of the New Democratic Revolution, and establish the socialist system. In today＇ s situation of reforming and opening up to the outside world and in the effort to build up socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics, the Jing- gangshan creative spirit is still worth to inherit and carry forward.     

英文摘要

The Style of Study and the Philosophy and Social Science Research SHANG Zhi-xiao （Shandong Provincial Party School ,Jinan 250001 ,China ）
The Style of study is the attitude towards scientific theories, in essence, is the theory which link with practice. Philosophy and social science research must adhere to the scientific study style of integrating theory with practice ,which is not only the need for theoretical innovation, but also for the precondition of theoretical innovation. For these reasons, philosophy and social sciences should seriously change their work style, establish a good style of study, and improve the style of the article.     

An Exact Solution to the Combined KS and EdV Equation

The exact solution for the combined KS and KdV equation is obtained via introducing a simple and effective nonlinear transformations.This method is very concise and primary and can be applied to other unintegrable nonlinear evolution equations. It is common knowledge that the Korteweg de Vries(KdV) equation [1] (1) has been proposed as model equation for the weakly nonlinear long waves which occur in many different physical systems; the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation is one of the simplest nonliaear partial differential equations that exhibit Chaotic behavior frequently encounted in the study of continous media [2-4] . Many interesting mathematical and physical properties of eqs. (1) and (2) have been studied widely. But, in several problems where a lonq wavelength oscilatory instability is found, the noulineai evolution of the perturbations near rriticality is governed by the dispersion modified Kuramoto-Sivashi nsky equation(3)ft is clear that this equation is a combination of the KdV and KS     

A Study Of The Chinese Language And Culture In The English Language

Language, as a special form of culture, will develop itself by absorbing the valuable elements from other cultures and languages. This essay will mainly concentrate on some English slang words, colloquial usages concerning Chinese culture.     

大学英语测试的信度与效度分析

The analysis of test paper is greatly significant to the improvement of testing and English teaching. This paper evaluates a College English archievement test by examining its reliability and validity, both of which are of primary concern in testing. And item analysis is also conducted to find out the problems of the test itself. Based on the evaluation, the paper is to call for teachers＇ attention of enhancing the quality of arckievement test.     

Abstracts and Key Words of Major Articles

Dialectical Evolution of Sense of Practice of Marxism LIU Ji-ping （Department of CHineses,Guiyang College ,Guiyang,Guizhou 550003） Abstract ： Prctice thcory is the core and the hasis of Marxist philosophy,and the formation of the Marxist conccption of practicc is the result by discanling the previous conccpt of practice.     

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ENGLISH ENVIRONMENT IN ENGLISH TEACHING

Although language study can be very interesting, it is admittedly about the most complex type of learning that a student can undertake, it is very important that we realize that language study is different from the study of science or mathematics and is more complex. Therefore the mechanical methods employed in the learning of multiplication tables, for example, may not be he most appropriate methods to use in teaching language. Real ability with language is the ability to communicate ideas. A student may know a lot of sentence patterns and rules of grammar and     

How to Develop student's Reading skills?

IntroductionWhen I taught extensive reading, I found many students didn't know how to read more effi-ciently. They had difficulties in understanding the text as a whole. They didn't know how toinfer something from what they had read. After reading a text, they could answer correctly only5--6 out of the ten questions following it. Questions like "What is the author's attitude?""What is the tone of this article?"or "How has the author organised his essay?" were difficultfor them.This article aims to present some suggetions for developing student's reading skills.     

On Paraphrase in the English Teaching

To paraphrase is a helpful method frequently used in English teaching. What does it mean? How to do paraphrase? The writer cites some sentences from textbooks and some teaching materials so as to sum up the way of paraphrasing in several aspects. One is paraphrasing the key words and expressions of a sentence in a paraghaph. The other is paraphrasing the rhetorical device by explaining or revealing the implication of the figure of speech and extending the meaning on the basis of the centural idea or in accordance with the logical coherence of the context.     

JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM UNIVERSITY

PREDICTION OF CONSUMPTION DEMAND FOR NATURAL GAS AND DEVELOPMENT MEASURES Abstract ：Sichuan is rich in its natural gas resources and it is important to change the resources advantage into economic and development advantages. Taking the exploration and exploitation of natural gas, pipeline construction and terminal markets,this paper makes a prediction of consumption demand for natural gas by using quantitative research method. A further analysis of the trend of development of supply and demand based on the future demand and production capability is made then. After discussing the unfavorable factors in natural gas development the authors provide some policy related suggestions concerning safety in supply,