民族院校哲学社会科学发展与民族团结——兼谈科学民族观教育的实施路径

民族院校哲学社会科学发展不仅是其民族院校自身内涵发展的需要,也是我国民族团结事业的必然要求。通过哲学社会科学的繁荣发展推动民族团结,服务于民族地区和谐社会建设,这也要求我们继续加强和完善民族院校的科学民族观教育,培养更多适应于本民族本地区发展进步的合格人才。     

综述和讨论:关于小民族的生存及前景

作为人类社会、人类文化重要组成部分的小民族的生存及未来前景问题,他们因传统文化特点、因外部社会因素而引发的带有小民族特有特点的现实生存难题,早已引起人类学以及相关学科的高度重视,我国近些年对国内小民族的研究也渐成气象。那么,国内就小民族生存、发展问题的关注和实证研究状况如何?近数十年来,整个学界围绕小民族生存和未来前景以及影响因素的探讨,主要关注了哪些层面?提出了哪些主要观点?从问题意识出发,并结合自己有限的田野工作经验,本文尝试进行初步的综述和讨论。     

关于小民族复兴问题

本杂志已发表一系列有关小民族的材料。现发表我社记者Г·德列莫娃的访问记,接受她访问的是苏联文化基金会所属保护和发展苏联小民族文化社会科学理事会主席、苏联科学院通讯院士Э·捷尼舍夫。捷尼舍夫对这个问题做了他自己的总结。当然不排除我们还将回过头来对此问题继续讨论的可能性。     

试论西藏社会文化变迁的得与失

人类社会的任何一个种族和民族的文化发展史都是从产生,变化,发展,消亡到再发展变化这样一种过程。每一个民族的文化发展是其原有的文化价值和观念不断变化和飞跃之后所产生的必然结果。纵观我们藏民族的文化发展轨迹也不外乎是以上几个内容和规律。进一步研究和探讨藏族社会制度文化变革问题是当前我们从事社会科学研究者面临和急待解决的重大理论问题。从全方位分析、评价和总结藏族传统文化,对于让人们更清楚地认识藏族文化和加深对传统文化的理解很有好处。当前,全国上下都积极地进行     

民族问题是社会发展和社会革命总问题的一部分

民族问题就是同民族这个人们共同体直接相联系的一系列社会现象的总括,它表现在不同民族之间的差异和矛盾。从历史上看,民族问题是人类社会发展到一定阶段的产物。作为整个社会现象的组成部分,民族问题随着整个社会的发展而不断变化。马克思主义认为民族问题从来就不是一个孤立自在的问题,而是整个社会问题的组成部分。从民族这个人们共同体产生、发展过程看,有其自身的历史规律,每个民族都有各自的历史;同时,它作为人类社会的普遍现象,同整个社会及其它社会现象有着密切的联系。民族是人类社会发展到一定历史阶段,由于物质关系和物质利益的需要而结合在一起形成的。马克思、恩格斯把这种结合视     

社会发展优先:西部民族地区新的追赶战略

本文通过分析探讨西部民族地区传统追赶战略的主要特征、后果影响及其未来发展所面临的挑战 ,认为新世纪应实施“以人为本 ,社会发展优先”的新追赶战略 ,优先缩小知识发展差距和人类发展差距 ,制定能够有效地缩小城乡发展差距、使广大农牧民切实受益的农村公共服务政策 ,加快促进各民族的自身开放、发展变革以及融入世界现代文明的发展进程 ,努力消除人类贫困 ,促进人类发展 ,保护民族文化 ,以实现各民族的全面可持续发展。     

民族认同研究回顾

民族认同①是民族社会学研究领域中的核心内容之一,建国后受政治气候影响,相关研究一度沉寂,直到上世纪八十年代,民族认同研究才得到缓慢发展。进入九十年代后,研究者从多种角度展开探讨,将民族认同研究逐步推向深入。本文拟在综述学者们主要成果的基础上,提出一些有待深入研究的问题。一、民族认同理论综述(一)民族认同概念的阐述民族认同一词中的“认同”原本属于哲学范畴,后又在心理学研究中受到关注,如今该词的使用几乎成了社会科学领域的专利。学者一般认为民族认同是后天形成,并在民族互动基础上发展而成,从未与外族接触过的人是不会…     

列宁和习近平“共同体”思想的共同价值指向

马克思主义民族理论是一个开放发展、与时俱进的理论。20世纪初,列宁提出了"全世界无产者和被压迫民族联合起来"这一超越一国民族共同体的思想。21世纪习近平基于中华民族及世界各民族整体利益和命运,提出铸牢中华民族共同体意识和构建人类命运共同体思想。尽管两者由于历史背景、社会发展条件以及现实的国情不同,呈现出不同的发展理路,列宁以实现全世界无产者和被压迫民族解放为要,习近平以实现中华民族伟大复兴和维护世界和平为目标,但两者在多个方面有内在的逻辑关联和共同的价值指向,是马克思主义民族理论的创新发展,是运用唯物史观对人类社会和民族自身发展规律问题的深刻认知,展现了马克思主义者的时代思考视角和深厚的以人民为中心的价值情怀。     

浅谈民族音乐学的发展历程与现状

民族音乐学是一门属于社会科学领域的边缘学科,它是从民族学的角度来研究音乐的学问,本文通过对民族音乐学的大略发展历程的概述,揭示了民族音乐学在不断变革与发展过程中所取得的成就,从而进一步探讨了音乐学与人类学相互交融后所创建的近年来新型的民族音乐学研究方法理论模式.     

民族理论工作者的光荣任务

民族理论,是马克思主义的一个重要组成部分。马克思主义研究人类社会的发展规律,民族理论则研究和探索民族、民族问题的发展规律。我国自跨入新时期以来,历史的进程向广大民族理论工作者提出了新的要求:对我国丰富的民族工作实践要做出科学的理论概括;对我国新时期的新的民族问题,要进行广泛深入的研究,探讨它的发展规律,给党政领导部门提出科学的建议,用     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

Islam,Moderation, Radicalism,and Justly Balanced Communities

If media outlets and political rhetoric are to be believed, then the way to counter “radical” Islam is through “moderate” Islam. Seemingly, “moderate” Islam is that which “radical” Islam is not. In appointing “moderate” Islam as an antidote to “radical” Islam, the implication is that, conceptually at least, the two terms are contradistinctive. Yet, while much is, perceivably, known about “radical” Islam, with its associated ills of an unequivocal Islamic worldview, very little attention has been afforded to this signifier, “moderate”. Inasmuch as this term is bandied around, even scholars of Islam will acknowledge that, within Islamic education, understandings of and debates on conceptions of moderation, and moderate Muslim communities, have been somewhat overlooked. What, therefore, is a “moderate” Islam? What is a “moderate” Muslim community and how would it act? What are the implications for a “moderate” community in relation to pluralist societies? And, can such a “moderate” community offer a practical response not only to “radical” Islam, but, perhaps, more importantly, to increasingly antagonistic, liberal contexts?     

Migration,masculinity, and family

Previous studies of migration, family, and gender have shown that migration is not only an event that changes family life, the change itself is a gendered process. How migrant women develop strategies to cope with challenges posed by either their own migration or their husbands’ migration has been widely studied. However, how migrant men adjust and change their care practices and domestic roles to accommodate challenges brought about by migration to their family lives has not been as extensively explored. Using interview data gathered from male rural-to-urban migrant workers in South China, this paper fills this gap by studying male migrants’ agency and masculinity through the concept of masculine compromise. Masculine compromise delineates how migrant men strive to respond to changing family circumstances triggered by migration while maintaining the gender boundaries that underpin their dominance within the family. As a concept, masculine compromise underscores the material impact of migration on gender practices and family life; and the limited effect it has on gender attitudes and identity. Masculine compromise provides a feminist lens to analyse the complex effect of migration on changing masculinity and gender relationships within the family.     

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Health

Knowledge from human genetic research continuously challenges the notion that race and biology are inextricably linked, with implications across biomedical and public health disciplines. However, biomedical research continues to explore health and disease under a racial framework ignoring and at times confounding the identification of true biological and/or environmental risk factors. Within this article, we present a brief overview of the use of race in biomedical research and studies of human genome variation and how genetic ancestry may help us understand health disparities. We believe that the casual use of “race” to define groups in biomedical research has contributed to our limited understanding of complex disease etiology and risk factors driving health disparities.     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.     

Colorful Reflections: Skin Tone,Reflected Race,and Perceived Discrimination among Blacks,Latinxs, and Whites

Race and Social Problems - How do Black, Latinx, and White people who believe they are mistaken as a member of another racial group perceive the amount of racial discrimination they experience, and...     

论"民族"(上)

本文标题中列出的一连串概念 -术语 ,成为目前处于社会科学各学科 (从民族学到哲学 )关注中心的一组问题。С·Е·雷巴科夫的佳作———《民族的哲学》① ———是对民族问题(этнонациональнаяпроБлематика)进行哲学思考的鲜明实例。这部著作以其对于至今仍然是争论对象的现象 ( феномен)的独到见解而著称 ,因为它 (指现象———译者 )是如此自相矛盾和形态多样 ,以至无论怎样也不想去硬套某种理论或观念。《民族的哲学》的作者在分析有关民族问题的大量著作的过程中采用了另外一种科学方法 ,我深信 ,…     

Enoch Powell,empires, immigrants and education

2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Enoch Powell’s infamous ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech, an intervention that is still viewed as one of the most incendiary statements of the perceived decay and violence likely to follow legislation intended to assure minoritised British citizens of equal rights regardless of their ethnic origin. In this essay, Sally Tomlinson (one of Britain’s foremost multicultural theorists) reflects on Powell’s legacy and the contemporary scene where in the US, UK and across Europe, White resentment and fear is increasingly shaping ‘mainstream’ debates about nationhood, migration and education.