Writing for publication: argument and evidence

The rules for writing a research report for publication are well defined but are much less clear for scholarly scientific papers. The purpose of this paper is to enable new writers to confidently apply the skills of scientific writing within a scholarly paper for publication. Similarities and differences between scientific argument and debating are discussed. Achieving the right 'tone' and emphasis in writing is considered. How to use the correct verb tense is outlined. The importance of a clearly defined question is explained. The elements of an effective scholarly paper are presented and examples given. The elements are the: question, thesis, introduction, body of the paper, conclusion and finally, an abstract.     

The main contents and characteristics of the third national population census]

The Chinese State Council publicized rules and regulations for the 3rd national population census on February 19, 1982. In 28 chapters, this document outlined the leadership organization, target of the census, time and space of the census, performance evaluation, and the transaction and publication of the data collected. 1 special feature of this census is the connection between the need for current modernized construction and possible conditions available. Altogether there are 19 items in this census, while the last census had only 9 items. Among the newly added items are: 1) those concerning economic characteristics, 2) those on population growth, and 3) those on the household condition of the constant population. Another special feature of the 3rd national population census is the combination of China's own working experience in population and that of foreign countries. In the skills of modernized calculation, new experience from foreign countries has been fully utilized. The scientific method has been used to design the census form, a sample examination, the coding of collected data, and data registration through the use of computers. The 3rd national population census has been successful for 3 main reasons: 1) extensive support from the general public, 2) strict organization and hard work, and 3) modernized computers used in calculation.     

A design for a census information retrieval system

This article explores the methodology of designing a storage and retrieval system for information on the nature and subjects of censuses published internationally over the past two decades. The essential key is neither data storage nor bibliography but an index which will tell a researcher what censuses provide information on particular population characteristics and how those characteristics are defined, mapped, cross-indexed, compared, and discussed.The index should be based on specific, inclusive, and flexible classifying terms. The authors arrive at 24 variables which are grouped on two levels-category and specific item-by the use of either main tables or indexes. The use of indexes is preferred for its reduction of clerical and computer time.In addition to the index (which should be made available in machine-readable form), the authors suggest the concomitant publication (on the basis of unified classifications) of an analysis of the relative value of different definitions of population characteristics, a merged-item vocabulary, and indexes to various censuses. Once the study has developed beyond an experimental phase limited in geographic extent and in time, the authors envision a continuing service which will provide indexes to all new censuses.     

Das Theorie-Praxis-Verhältnis in den Sozialwissenschaften im Kontext professionellen Handelns

This paper discusses some issues concerning the transfer of scientific knowledge to action in professional contexts. Traditionally, this transfer is studied on two premises: Firstly, transfer is an action in which knowledge is applied for practical purposes. Secondly, scientific knowledge is distinguished from practical knowledge by a higher standard of rationality. The authors argue for a different view: Theoretical knowledge will only become practically effective if actors engage in a process of interpretation and re-interpretation in which they acquire scientific findings and transform them to cope with specific problems of their practice context. In systems of scientific production there are traditions and operations which support the rationality of their products, but also traditions and operations which obstruct it. From this point of view it makes sense to conceive the relationship between theory and practice as non-hierarchical.     

吉林省人口和计划生育宣传教育调研——以96条标语口号分析为例

标语口号不仅可以宣传人口和计划生育的理念和措施,而且也是一个城市、一个地区文明程度的标志。在对长春市、辽源市人口与计生标语口号抽样调查基础上,对吉林省人口与计生标语口号现状进行评估。吉林省的人口与计生标语口号语言规范,内容科学合理,从正面鼓励、倡导入手,态度鲜明,含义明确,体现出了以人为本的思想,确保了标语口号被社会公众所认可接受,产生积极正面的社会影响。针对存在的问题提出对策:了解受众需求,宣传内容要与时俱进,不断创新,针对不同群体开展体现人文关怀特点的标语口号宣传;充分利用各类传播媒介,特别是新兴媒介,探索宣传新形式,实现人口与计生标语口号宣传的广覆盖;从塑造城市形象,提升城市整体文明层次的角度,对城市的公益广告牌统筹规划,将人口与计生标语口号纳入公益广告宣传的重要内容之一。     

Utilization of administrative files in health research

Many authors have suggested that administrative health data files could provide the solution to the well-known research problem of obtaining data about volunteer subjects. However, many authors have failed to achieve satisfactory results because the use of these data files leads to special difficulties. Thus, unless the proper methodology is applied, use of health data files does not produce valuable results. In this paper we propose a conceptual framework which can be used to examine the suitability of health data files. More specifically, five aspects are discussed: (1) research team knowledge and skills; (2) identification and documentation of an accessible file; (3) file adequacy to answer the research question; (4) data quality; and (5) data processing. This conceptual framework should help health policy planners and researchers to better identify the problems they will meet and to find adequate solutions to these problems before embarking on the venture of using public data files.     

Constructed Realities: Claude Cahun’s Created World in Aveux Non Avenus

ABSTRACT

In her 1930 publication, Aveux non Avenus, Claude Cahun used the relationship between her inwardly focused poetic writing and symbolic photomontages to construct a unique reality for self-expression. This article focuses on three chapters and respective photographic images from the publication to relate Cahun’s, and by association her partner Marcel Moore’s, discussion on sexuality and gender expression. The utopian dreamscape created investigates issues of narcissism and otherness, female homosexuality, dandyism and going beyond gender, individual and social critique, mocking the antiquated views of art and writing, accepting and breaking taboos, while allowing for other departures from the accepted norm. Through analysis of the publication and supporting evidence from early influences, it can be seen that Cahun created a world in Aveux non Avenus where she could exist in a space between the established feminine–masculine binary of 20th-century Europe.     

泛珠江三角洲经济圈城市职能结构特征与分类研究

以城市的基本活动为出发点，运用因子分析法对泛珠江三角洲经济圈城市职能结构特征进行测度，并基于纳尔逊分类法对经济圈整体的城市职能进行分类。得出以下结论：经济圈以生产性和政策性职能为主，以其作为专业职能的城市数量占总数的比重超过80%，随时间演进，经济圈的生产性、服务性和基础性职能不断强化而政策性职能逐渐减弱；经济圈各产业部门整体的职能强度较低，侧重于多行业共同发展，拥有多种专业职能的城市为经济圈的主体；经济圈城市职能的专业化程度存在明显的空间分异，未来城市职能定位应基于现实职能特征进行调控。     

贵州高原山区人口与经济波动特征分析

人口波动与经济波动是社会经济发展中的一种普遍现象。大量研究表明,人口波动与经济波动应该是基本同步的。然而,由于地域间的差异,二者波动不仅存在着明显的空间差异,而且存在着一定的时间次序。以贵州高原为研究对象,借鉴经济周期理论和分析方法,将空间差异和时间次序结合起来,研究在高原山地环境条件下人口与经济的时空梯次波动特征及其基本原因,为探索山区人口发展规律,制定贵州人口与经济的协调发展战略提供新的科学依据。     

Ethnic networks and language proficiency among immigrants

Recent research on the linguistic adjustment of minority-language speaking immigrants in several destinations has found that acquisition of destination language skills is inhibited by living in an area where many others speak the same minority language. This paper uses a unique data set for Australia (1988) that includes a variety of ethnic network variables to analyze the role of the language concentration measure. These ethnic variables, in particular, ethnic press, relatives in Australia, and spouse's origin language, are highly statistically significant. Their inclusion in the equation eliminates the effect of the minority-language concentration variable. The model for analyzing the determinants of English reading and English writing skills in Australia is also shown to be very similar to the model for speaking fluency, including the effect of the ethnic network variables. Received July 18, 1994 / Accepted November 21, 1994     

Sexual Prejudice in Sport Scale: A New Measure

ABSTRACT

This study describes the process of developing and validating the Sexual Prejudice in Sport Scale (SPSS), which is a multidimensional instrument developed to assess attitudes toward lesbians and gay men (LG) in sports. The authors conducted two studies: first, to establish the factor structure of the SPSS on 297 heterosexual athletes; and, second, to test the reliability and validity of the resulting 19-item scale on a sample of 311 heterosexual and 160 LG athletes. Exploratory factor analysis of an initial item pool yielded three factors: open rejection, which assesses the blatant prejudice expressed toward LG people; denial of visibility, which evaluates attitude toward the coming out of LG people; and gendering performance, which corresponds to gender stereotypes about performance/skills of LG people. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the stability of the SPSS. The authors documented internal consistency, test-retest stability, and convergent/divergent validity. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

Current work on the social indicators system for the Federal Republic of Germany

The paper in hand deals with the construction of the SPES Indicators Tableau and its extensions and modifications which are carried out by current work. Advantages of time series regression analysis for social reporting as well as classifying social change are discussed. The paper ends with a short prospect on the publication in preparation which shall continue the social reporting of the SPES Indicators Tableau.     

Studying social change with survey data: Examples from Louis Harris surveys

The recent publication of a volume that identifies almost 14 000 repeated questions from Louis Harris surveys should greatly facilitate the use of survey data for the study of social change. Four problems that accompany trend analyses with survey data are discussed in this paper with special attention to Harris data. They involve sample composition, question context, question wording, and short term versus long term change.     

代际关系的影响因素及如何建立正向的代际关系

本文宗旨是如何建立成年子女和老年父母之间正向的代际关系并增强代际间的相互理解。讨论了影响代际关系的因素。家庭趋势的变动对老年人照料提出了挑战。这些发现使未来老年父母一代的前景堪忧 ,例如他们经历了更高的离婚率 ,因此可能会对来自公共和社会保险项目的支持产生更多需求。成年子女和老年父母之间亲密感情和冲突的并存使代际关系变得很复杂。本文最后探讨了如何建立正向的代际关系     

Résumé of the Indianapolis study of social and psychological factors affecting fertility

In the first part of this paper, the aims, scope and methods of the Indianapolis Study are briefly reviewed. In the second part the chief findings are discussed and a tabular summary of the results of the twenty-three hypotheses of the study is presented. In the third part the authors describe the chief weaknesses of the study and give their views regarding implications for future research in this field. The substance of this résumé was presented at a round-table discussion on exploration of possibilities for a new study of factors affecting size of family, held at the 1952 Annual Conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund in New York City, 19-20 November 1952.     

Happiness and self-deception: An old question examined by a new measure of subjective well-being

The development and application of a new measure of subjective well-being, the Life Satisfaction Research Questionnaire, is discussed. The major new contribution that this instrument makes to the study of happiness is allowing subjects to distinguish between their satisfaction with the circumstances of their lives and with what they have made of those circumstances. Two separate studies involving repeated administrations (over a period of three months) to under-graduates investigated the relationship between life satisfaction and a tendency to engage in self-deception. Results found that subjects high in self-deception tended to give greater weight to what they felt they had made of their lives than to their life circumstances. Following discussion of the results, recommendations are made for further study.The author greatly appreciates the help given by three Psychology department colleagues at Plymouth State College: Dr. Robert S. Miller for his contribution to the research and writing, and Drs. John W. Kulig and David S. McDougal for their extensive statistical analyses.     

35 Jahre ?ZS �� Eine quantitative Bestandsaufnahme

In this paper I provide an empirically based quantitative analysis of the last 35 years of the Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie (ÖZS). I ask if the shape of articles have changed, which patterns of co-authorship can be found, and what conclusions are to be drawn regarding to a cultural change within the sociology in Austria. The basis for the empirical analysis is a dataset of all original papers published between 1976 and 2010. The investigated variables are the institutional affiliation of the authors, article length, number of authors per article, the proportion of women, percentage of non-Austrian contributions, and the topics covered. The data suggests that articles reflect the increasing professionalism and academisation of sociology in Austria. Furthermore it shows that articles in the ÖZS are increasingly written by more than one author. It turns out that there are a few people to be particularly attractive as co-authors and therefore get key positions within the publication network.     

The educational attainment of second-generation immigrants in The Netherland

Since the mid-1960s the Netherlands has had a positive net immigration, mainly because of man power recruitment from Turkey and Morocco and immigration from the former Dutch colony of Surinam. Immigrants havea weak labor market position, which is related to their educational leveland language skills. Children and grandchildren of immigrants are expected to have a better chance of integration into Dutch society. In this paper we investigate whether this is true with respect to the educational attainment of second-generation immigrants from Turkey, Morocco, Surinam and the Dutch Antilles.The authors thank an anonymous referee and both editors for helpful comments. Responsible editors: David Card and Christoph M. Schmidt.     

社会医疗保险纵向平衡费率及其计算方法

社会医疗保险系统老龄化必将增加基金支付风险,从而影响制度的持续健康运行。文章根据基金长期精算平衡的原理,提出社会医疗保险纵向平衡费率这一概念,并运用寿险精算与非寿险精算相结合的方法,建立纵向平衡费率计算模型,再以浙江省杭州市本级的数据进行实证分析,为制定降低社会医疗保险基金风险的政策提供科学依据。