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1.
Comparison of Deliberate and Spontaneous Facial Movement in Smiles and Eyebrow Raises 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Karen L. Schmidt Sharika Bhattacharya Rachel Denlinger 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2009,33(1):35-45
We investigated movement differences between deliberately posed and spontaneously occurring smiles and eyebrow raises during
a videotaped interview that included a facial movement assessment. Using automated facial image analysis, we quantified lip
corner and eyebrow movement during periods of visible smiles and eyebrow raises and compared facial movement within participants.
As in an earlier study, maximum speed of movement onset was greater in deliberate smiles. Maximum speed and amplitude were
greater and duration shorter in deliberate compared to spontaneous eyebrow raises. Asymmetry of movement did not differ within
participants. Similar patterns contrasting deliberate and spontaneous movement in both smiles and eyebrow raises suggest a
common pattern of signaling for spontaneous facial displays.
相似文献
Karen L. SchmidtEmail: |
2.
Age and Gender Differences in Decoding Basic and Non-basic Facial Expressions in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study examined age and gender differences in decoding nonverbal cues in a school population of 606 (pre)adolescents (9–15 years).
The focus was on differences in the perceived intensity of several emotions in both basic and non-basic facial expressions.
Age differences were found in decoding low intensity and ambiguous faces, but not in basic expressions. Older adolescents
indicated more negative meaning in these more subtle and complex facial cues. Girls attributed more anger to both basic and
non-basic facial expressions and showed a general negative bias in decoding non-basic facial expressions compared to boys.
Findings are interpreted in the light of the development of emotion regulation and the importance for developing relationships.
相似文献
Yolanda van BeekEmail: |
3.
Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics,Head-tilt,and Gender 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Recent work suggests that temporal aspects of facial displays influence the perception of the perceived authenticity of a
smile. In the present research, the impact of temporal aspects of smiles on person and expression perception was explored
in combination with head-tilt and gender. One hundred participants were shown different types of smiles (slow versus fast
onset) in combination with three forms of head-tilt (none, left, or right) exhibited by six computer-generated male and female
encoders. The encoders were rated for perceived attractiveness, trustworthiness, dominance, and the smiles were rated for
flirtatiousness and authenticity. Slow onset smiles led to more positive evaluations of the encoder and the smiles. Judgments
were also significantly influenced by head-tilt and participant and encoder gender, demonstrating the combined effect of all
three variables on expression and person perception.
相似文献
Arvid KappasEmail: |
4.
In this study, we investigated the emotional effect of dynamic presentation of facial expressions. Dynamic and static facial
expressions of negative and positive emotions were presented using computer-morphing (Experiment 1) and videos of natural
changes (Experiment 2), as well as other dynamic and static mosaic images. Participants rated the valence and arousal of their
emotional response to the stimuli. The participants consistently reported higher arousal responses to dynamic than to static
presentation of facial expressions and mosaic images for both valences. Dynamic presentation had no effect on the valence
ratings. These results suggest that dynamic presentation of emotional facial expressions enhances the overall emotional experience
without a corresponding qualitative change in the experience, although this effect is not specific to facial images.
相似文献
Wataru SatoEmail: |
5.
Decoding Basic and Non-basic Facial Expressions and Depressive Symptoms in Late Childhood and Adolescence 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study examined the relationship between decoding nonverbal cues and depressive symptoms in a general school population
of 606 children and adolescents (9–15 years). The focus was on the perceived intensity of several emotions in both basic and
non-basic facial expressions. The perceived intensities of anger and joy in low intensity facial expressions were related
to depression. The higher the perceived intensity of anger the more depressed adolescents were, whereas the reversed effect
was found for the perception of joy, but only in girls. These results suggest that the development of decoding biases in low
intensity facial expressions may be useful for understanding the development of individual and gender differences in depression
during adolescence.
相似文献
Yolanda van BeekEmail: |
6.
American Sign Language (ASL) uses the face to express grammar and inflection, in addition to emotion. Research in this area
has mostly used photographic stimuli. The purpose of this paper is to present data on how deaf signers and hearing non-signers
recognize and categorize a variety of communicative facial expressions in ASL using dynamic stimuli rather than static pictures.
Stimuli included six expression types chosen because they share overt similarities but express different content. Hearing
participants were more accurate in their categorizations but expressed overall lower confidence regarding their performance.
相似文献
Ruth B. GrossmanEmail: |
7.
Larissa Buchholz 《Theory and Society》2006,35(4):481-490
This is a discussion of a book by Kathryn Linn Geurts, Culture and the Senses. Bodily Ways of Knowing in an African Community, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002; and a book by Judith Farquhar, Appetites. Food and Sex in Post-Socialist China, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2002.
相似文献
Larissa BuchholzEmail: |
8.
Eva Krumhuber Antony S. R. Manstead Darren Cosker Dave Marshall Paul L. Rosin 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2009,33(1):1-15
We examined the effects of the temporal quality of smile displays on impressions and decisions made in a simulated job interview.
We also investigated whether similar judgments were made in response to synthetic (Study 1) and human facial stimuli (Study
2). Participants viewed short video excerpts of female interviewees exhibiting dynamic authentic smiles, dynamic fake smiles,
or neutral expressions, and rated them with respect to a number of attributes. In both studies, perceivers’ judgments and
employment decisions were significantly shaped by the temporal quality of smiles, with dynamic authentic smiles generally
leading to more favorable job, person, and expression ratings than dynamic fake smiles or neutral expressions. Furthermore,
authentically smiling interviewees were judged to be more suitable and were more likely to be short-listed and selected for
the job. The findings show a high degree of correspondence in the effects created by synthetic and human facial stimuli, suggesting
that temporal features of smiles similarly influence perceivers’ judgments and decisions across the two types of stimulus.
相似文献
Eva KrumhuberEmail: |
9.
The current crisis of neoliberalism is calling into question the relevance of key international institutions. We analyze the
origins, nature, and possible impacts of the crisis through comparing two such institutions: the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both originated in the post-World War II U.S.-led hegemonic order and were transformed
as part of the transition to global neoliberalism. We show that while the IMF and the WTO have been part of the same hegemonic
project, their distinct institutional features have put them on significantly different trajectories. Historical differences
in the two institutions’ systems of rules have placed the IMF in a more vulnerable position than the WTO, which provides clues
to the future contours of global economic governance.
Nitsan Chorev is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Brown University. She is the author of Remaking U.S. Trade Policy: from Protectionism to Globalization (Cornell University Press, 2007), and is now working on a book on the global politics of health. Sarah Babb is Associate Professor of Sociology at Boston College. She is the author of Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations (University of Chicago Press, 2009), which explores the impact of American politics on the World Bank and regional development institutions. 相似文献
Nitsan Chorev (Corresponding author)Email: |
Sarah BabbEmail: |
Nitsan Chorev is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Brown University. She is the author of Remaking U.S. Trade Policy: from Protectionism to Globalization (Cornell University Press, 2007), and is now working on a book on the global politics of health. Sarah Babb is Associate Professor of Sociology at Boston College. She is the author of Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations (University of Chicago Press, 2009), which explores the impact of American politics on the World Bank and regional development institutions. 相似文献
10.
This paper analyzes nature protection by a social planner under different ‘utilitarian’ social welfare functions. For that purpose we construct an integrated model of the economy and the ecosystem with explicit consideration of nonhuman species and with competition between human and nonhuman species for land and prey biomass. We characterize and compare the efficient allocations when social welfare is anthropocentric (only consumers have positive welfare weights), when social welfare is biocentric (only nonhuman species have positive welfare weights) and when social welfare is nonanthropocentric (all species have positive welfare weights). Not surprisingly, biocentric social welfare calls for suspending all economic activities. It is more important, however, that both anthropocentrism and nonanthropocentrism make the case for nature protection through different channels, though. Our analysis suggests that one may dispense with the concept of nonanthropocentric social welfare provided that in the anthropocentric framework the consumers' intrinsic valuation of nature is properly accounted for.
相似文献
Thomas Eichner (Corresponding author)Email: |
Rüdiger PethigEmail: |
11.
Eghosa E. Osaghae 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(2):189-210
This article examines how the various claims to, and demands for, rights have enabled and shaped the various equity and justice
seeking social movements that have emerged in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, the key point being that claims to rights are fundamental
of the logic and coherence of social movements. The article is divided into three sections. The first sets the conceptual
and analytical frame by elaborating on the rights–social movements nexus. This is followed by a discussion of the historical
and conceptual location of the Niger Delta. The rest of the article interrogates the contexts of relative deprivation, rights
denial, and injustice within which social movements have emerged in the Niger Delta. A major objective is to account for why
the social movements have been largely ethnic and most recently generational and to analyze the dynamics and outcomes of the
rights struggles waged by the various social movements.
相似文献
Eghosa E. OsaghaeEmail: |
12.
The present research examined whether the observation of emotional expressions rapidly induces congruent emotional experiences
and facial responses in observers under strong test conditions. Specifically, participants rated their emotional reactions
after (a) single, brief exposures of (b) a range of human emotional facial expressions that included (c) a neutral face comparison
using a procedure designed to (d) minimize potential experimental demand. Even with these strong test conditions in place,
participants reported discrete expression-congruent changes in emotional experience. Participants’ Corrugator supercilii facial muscle activity immediately following the presentation of an emotional expression appeared to reflect expressive congruence
with the observed expression and a response indicative of the amount of cognitive load necessary to interpret the observed
expression. The complexity of the C. supercilii response suggests caution in using facial muscle activity as a nonverbal measure of emotional contagion.
相似文献
David H. ZaldEmail: |
13.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
We study the general class of two-player public-policy contests and specify the asymmetry condition under which a more restrained government intervention that reduces the contestants’ prizes has the “perverse” effect of increasing their aggregate lobbying efforts.
相似文献
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
15.
The physiognomic distinctions between spontaneous enjoyment smiles and deliberate non-enjoyment smiles provide the social
perceiver with a functional, accessible source of information to help regulate social interaction. Two experiments were performed
to investigate whether perceivers were sensitive to this information in a contextually meaningful manner. In Experiment 1,
participants were asked to judge whether a target individual was happy or not. The results revealed that participants were
indeed sensitive to the differences between enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles. In Experiment 2, participants performed a
priming task without any specific instruction to judge emotional state. Neutral expressions, non-enjoyment smiles and enjoyment
smiles were employed as primes in a word valence identification task. The results demonstrated a clear trend indicative of
perceiver sensitivity. When compared to a the baseline condition of a neutral expression prime, enjoyment but not non-enjoyment
smiles facilitated identification of positive words.
相似文献
Lynden MilesEmail: |
16.
Zhai Yuanjian 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(2):429-437
China’s previous contract laws had many contradictions and failed to meet the needs of China’s developing market economy.
Although some problems still need to be dealt with, the unified contract law is more advanced, systematic and plays an important
role in fostering and encouraging transactions.
相似文献
Zhai YuanjianEmail: |
17.
Modeling firms in the global economy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Charles Perrow 《Theory and Society》2009,38(3):217-243
I examine the apparent deverticalization of firms in the world economy and their adoption of relational contracting and modularization,
necessitated by rapid product change, cheap and rapid transport, and new technologies. I argue that relational contracting
is superseded by modularization when possible in the interest of more control over suppliers, and modularization in turn leads
to consolidation, when possible, through buying up suppliers or making them captives. The result is increased concentration
of economic power in the world economy, and examples of this are presented.
Charles Perrow is Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Yale University. His most recent book is The Next Catastrophe: Reducing Our Vulnerabilities to Natural, Industrial, and Terrorist Disasters, Princeton University Press, 2007. In 2001, he published Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism, Princeton University Press. His current research concerns internet security and operating systems architecture, the organization of large technical systems, and the organizational aspects of climate change. 相似文献
Charles PerrowEmail: |
Charles Perrow is Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Yale University. His most recent book is The Next Catastrophe: Reducing Our Vulnerabilities to Natural, Industrial, and Terrorist Disasters, Princeton University Press, 2007. In 2001, he published Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism, Princeton University Press. His current research concerns internet security and operating systems architecture, the organization of large technical systems, and the organizational aspects of climate change. 相似文献
18.
The inverse plurality rule—an axiomatization 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Under the ‘inverse plurality rule’, voters specify only their least preferred alternative. Our first result establishes that
this rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies the minimal veto condition (MV). We then prove that the inverse plurality
rule is characterized by MV and the four well known conditions that characterize scoring rules; namely, Anonymity (A), Neutrality
(N), Reinforcement (RE) and Continuity (CO). Our new characterization result is related to the characterizations of approval
voting and of the widely used plurality rule. We finally show how the axiomatization of the inverse plurality rule can be
extended to the axiomatization of elementary scoring rules (vote for t-alternatives scoring rules).
We are indebted to two anonymous referees for their most useful comments.
相似文献
Eyal Baharad (Corresponding author)Email: |
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
19.
We study and compare equilibrium platforms in models of unidimensional electoral competition with two and four policy motivated
parties. We first analyze the plurality game, where the party getting the most votes is elected and implements its proposed
platform. Restrictions on the set of credible announcements are needed to get existence of equilibria. Comparing equilibria
with two and four parties, we obtain that moderate parties react to the introduction of extreme parties by proposing the same
or more extreme equilibrium platforms. We then study the proportional system, where the policy implemented is a weighted sum
of the proposals, with the voting shares as weights. Here, the existence of extreme parties leads moderate ones to choose
more centrist platforms. We finally test the robustness of our results with respect to, first, the enlargement of the strategy
space to entry decisions and, second, to asymmetric distributions of voters' blisspoints.
相似文献
Georges Casamatta (Corresponding author)Email: |
Philippe De DonderEmail: |
20.
In the late twentieth century, many social scientists and other social commentators came to characterize the world as evolving
into an “information society.” Central to these claims was the notion that new social uses of information, and particularly
application of scientific knowledge, are transforming social life in fundamental ways. Among the supposed transformations
are the rise of intellectuals in social importance, growing productivity and prosperity stemming from increasingly knowledge-based
economic activity, and replacement of political conflict by authoritative, knowledge-based decision-making. We trace these
ideas to their origins in the Enlightenment doctrines of Saint Simon and Comte, show that empirical support for them has never
been strong, and consider the durability of their social appeal.
James B. Rule is Distinguished Affiliated Scholar at the Center for the Study of Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley. He has researched and published widely on matters relating to sociological theory and the role of information in social life. His most recent books are Theory and Progress in Social Science (Cambridge University Press, 1997), Computing in Organizations; Myth and Experience (co-authored with Debra Gimlin and Sylvia Sievers, Transaction, 2002) and Privacy in Peril (Oxford University Press, 2007). Yasemin Besen focuses on young people in the United States in her work, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Her research interests include teenage labor, gender, and inequality. Her work has been published in Contexts, Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, NWSAJ, and Equal Opportunities International. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. She is currently Assistant Professor of Sociology at Montclair State University. 相似文献
James B. Rule (Corresponding author)Email: |
Yasemin BesenEmail: |
James B. Rule is Distinguished Affiliated Scholar at the Center for the Study of Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley. He has researched and published widely on matters relating to sociological theory and the role of information in social life. His most recent books are Theory and Progress in Social Science (Cambridge University Press, 1997), Computing in Organizations; Myth and Experience (co-authored with Debra Gimlin and Sylvia Sievers, Transaction, 2002) and Privacy in Peril (Oxford University Press, 2007). Yasemin Besen focuses on young people in the United States in her work, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Her research interests include teenage labor, gender, and inequality. Her work has been published in Contexts, Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, NWSAJ, and Equal Opportunities International. She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. She is currently Assistant Professor of Sociology at Montclair State University. 相似文献