论国家形象传播主体间的关系

国家、社会组织和个人是国家形象传播的主体,研究它们之间的关系具有现实意义。在国家形象传播活动中它们的地位不同,国家处于主导地位,社会组织处于辅助地位,而个人因数量庞大、活动灵活、分布广泛的特征使其在国家形象传播中起着不容忽视的作用。就三者的关系而言,国家与社会组织在国家形象传播活动中存在着既矛盾又统一的关系;以国家为主体的国家形象传播活动必须以构建普通国民在国家生活中的主体地位为依归,个人(国民)则以真实、具体、多触点、形象化的传播特点全方位地传递着国家形象。     

国家形象片的政治传播话语效度研究

2011年初中国国家形象片在美国的不同场合滚动播出,彰显了中国国家层面上建构国家形象的努力,隐含着转型中国在面临全球化挑战、开展全球化对话过程中遭遇的形象危机。然而,以国家主导的形象建构是一种政治传播,其话语效度值得进一步考察。在中国国家形象片播出之后,中国民众呈现出不一样的声音和态度,也从另一个角度构成了这种政治传播话语的效度难题。     

北京奥运文化传播与中国国家形象塑造

北京奥运会作为全球性的媒介事件聚焦了全球的关注,因此成为提升中国国家形象的良好契机。北京奥运文化传播作为一种文化传播、媒介变迁与文明演进的共时性过程,它实质上是一种透过传播认知体育文化、认知社会发展和人自身的过程,具有跨文化传播和数字媒介传播等性质。国家形象的塑造和传播以综合国力为基础,在很大程度上也来源于该国的文化影响力。北京奥运文化传播对提升中国文化影响力,塑造和平崛起的中国国家形象产生着重要而积极的影响。     

法治社会与法治国家问题研究

从人类文明的形态上,国家与社会一直是人类创造并生存于其间的两个最基本的组织体,从法律意义上说,它们分别代表着两种不同的价值导向。法治的其本形态就是以国家为主体的宗法模式,与社会决定国家的民主模式。法治的真正基础与源泉是社会而不是国家。现代法治是法治国家与法治社会的统一。在当代中国,建构以社会为本位的社会主义法治模式是最可行亦是最有效的。目前,在法治建设中应确立私法优位理念、社会优位理念和权利优位理念。     

提升国家形象 构建和谐世界

国家形象作为软实力的重要组成部分,在国家队整体对外战略中的地位越来越重要。国家形象作为国家未来发展道路和内在价值目标追求的统一体,是我国倡导和谐世界理念的不可或缺的一个重要环节。本文提出通过提升文化软实力、倡导人文精神、建立面向世界的媒体平台和推动公共外交等途径来提升我国国家形象,建立一个和平、发展、合作和负责任大国的国家形象。     

公民与国家关系的法哲学范式——以黑格尔《法哲学原理》为中心的分析

黑格尔所论述的国家是作为理念意义上的理想类型的国家,即国家是伦理普遍性和单一性的统一,是作为伦理共同体与公民这一伦理主体之间的统一,是具有伦理实体和伦理精神的伦理共同体.国家共同体是由国家公民组成的,公民是伦理主体,公民与国家之间的关系是伦理主体与伦理共同体之间的关系.黑格尔的公民与国家关系理论,对于当代中国现代国家理念的确立和国家制度的建设,对于公民意识教育和公民社会建设,对于提升公民对国家信任感和依赖感,促使公民自觉承担国家责任、履行法律义务等,具有重要的启迪意义和价值.     

北京地区大众传媒建构国家形象的策略

本文运用系统论、区域传播、全球化、资源位等理论初步探析了北京传媒塑造我国国家形象的策略,即树立传播的"球土化"意识,处理好京派文化、民族文化、世界文化这三重视域的关系,充分利用京城发生的"媒介事件",研究不同传媒资源位的不同策略,营造系统、高效、立体的传播网络。     

宪政理念的发展--从国家与公民之间的关系看

传统宪政理念强调国家与公民关系相对立的一面,但随着经济的发展和社会的进步,建立国家与公民相互促进、统一和谐的理想状态成为现代宪政理念的追求。     

当代全球化进程与国家角色转变

全球化既是一个客观历史进程,也是一个有组织的社会政治进程。国家尤其是大国所扮演的角色深刻影响了全球化进程,而全球化进程也不断塑造着国家新角色。20世纪80年代后,以美国为首的西方大国积极建构“自由市场”,推动了全球化的迅猛发展,也巩固和强化了自身的世界领导地位。然而,2008年国际金融危机爆发后,随着全球化负面效应的不断累积,西方世界涌起了一股强劲的“逆全球化”风潮,美欧等国纷纷“夺回主权”,全球化受到严重阻遏。在全球化处于十字路口的当下,国家角色的意义更加凸显。国家应积极构建治理型国家,推动全球化转型。构建治理型国家的基本路径包括：转变观念,树立共同体理念;促进多元参与,搭建公共政策网络;秉持正义价值,追求公共利益最大化;建设责任政府,积极参与全球治理。     

国家监察体制改革的方法论意蕴

深化国家监察体制改革是事关全局的重大政治体制改革,是强化党和国家自我监督的重大决策部署。能否选择科学恰当的方法是决定改革胜利与否的关键。党的十八大以来,党中央秉持科学的方法论,坚持问题导向与全面统筹相统一,顶层设计与摸着石头过河相统一,继承传统与创新发展相统一,党的领导与依法改革相统一,在实践中不断探索前进,保证了国家监察体制改革的顺利实施。     

The State and its Welfare State: How do Welfare State Changes Affect the Make‐up of the Nation State?

With respect to changes in the welfare states of OECD countries, scholars most of the time are looking for common trends; that is, they look for similar movements in different states, such as welfare state retrenchment, recalibration, etc. As we show in this article, data on welfare state spending and financing do not, however, support such stark tendencies like retrenchment. We therefore suggest looking for corridor effects rather than level effects, i.e. analysing changes in the dispersion of welfare state regimes rather than shifts in the mean values. Our analysis suggests that convergence, i.e. decreasing diversity among states in spending, financing and regulation patterns, may have been the most important pattern of welfare state change in the last three decades – a pattern easily overlooked in past and current research. Convergence of welfare state regimes also affects our views on the modern nation state itself since the varieties of welfare capitalism in the twentieth century are themselves an expression of the sovereignty and autonomy of the nation state. If nation states are forced to surrender national particularities, to mellow their characteristic differences and to move incrementally towards a one‐size‐fits‐all common model via ‘shrinking corridors’, such a blurring of welfare regimes, such a beclouding of difference, should also be regarded as a significant change taking place in the centre of the Western nation state's make‐up.     

探索国有资产管理体制的新思路

改革国有资产管理体制是一项艰巨任务。“生产资料人格化”的理论 ,既不姓“资” ,也不姓“社” ,它是“中性”理论。公有制也可以实现生产资料“人格化” ,这为国有资产管理和国有企业的深化改革 ,提供了理论依据。为了解决这个难点 ,可通过“正结合”与“反结合”的方法。“正结合”就是直接拥有产权或使用权 ,通过经营使用 ,直接获得效益和报酬。“反结合”则是通过行使监督权、建议权间接创造效益 ,获得报酬。有了这种方法 ,企业承包制有望“起死回生”。企业的股份制改革也应向“人格化”推进。国企经营管理部门和监事会人员签订监督合同 ,二者形成制约关系。国有股份制企业的机制会最终得到完善。     

中国传统社会与国家同构状态探析

由于中国传统社会小农经济基础和宗法制度的制约作用 ,以及忽视个人权利、漠视经济利益的思想的影响 ,中国传统的国家与社会处于一种同构状态。社会被笼罩在国家之下 ,国家权力渗透到社会生活的各方面 ,政治领域的规则成为整个社会的游戏规则 ,政治权力成为主宰整个社会运行的指挥者。     

The Implications of State Governance for Effective Global Governance

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18^th Central Committee of the CPC put forward the goal of modernizing the state governance system and state governance capacity, research on state governance theory and practice has taken off in the Chinese academic community. However, very little research has been undertaken on the relationship between state governance and global governance. In an interdependent world where domestic and international boundaries are becoming ever more blurred, state and global governance are not just mutually connected and consistent; they also influence and constrain each other. This paper looks into the influence of state governance on global governance in terms of the differences and internal linkages between state and global governance, arguing that enhancing governance capacity is an effective way for China to participate in global governance, promote the transformation of global governance system, wield its influence as a major power, and boost its right of discourse.     

The Politics of Welfare State Retrenchment: A Literature Review

Welfare state retrenchment is widely seen as a highly unpopular endeavour and, therefore, as politically difficult to pursue. This assumption has underpinned most of the political science research on this issue, notably Paul Pierson's seminal contributions about the ‘new politics of the welfare state’. Yet, the question remains why and under what circumstances cutbacks take place in highly developed welfare states despite these formidable political obstacles. This article reviews the literature on the politics of retrenchment, namely on the impact of socio‐economic problem pressure, political parties, political institutions, welfare state structures and ideas. Most authors agree that socio‐economic problems – particularly domestic problems – contribute to an atmosphere of ‘permanent austerity’ which inspires cutbacks. Moreover, according to most scholars, the extent of retrenchment possible depends on the specific institutional configuration of a political system and the path dependence of existing welfare state structures. The debate on the relevance of political parties and ideas, by contrast, is still far from settled. Further unresolved issues include the nature of the dependent variable in retrenchment studies. Also, the exact motives for cutbacks are theoretically still little understood, as are the political mechanisms through which they are realized. I argue that, because of the nature of these persisting issues, the pluralistic dialogue between different methods and approaches – as well as their combination – remains the most promising way forward in the study of welfare state politics.     

当代国家哲学若干问题研究述评

国家哲学的研究在中国才刚刚起步,关于其性质、对象、研究范围以及学科属性,学者们意见纷呈,目前尚未形成一个完整的体系,构建中国国家哲学必须认真分析国家哲学兴起的社会背景和学理缘由、科学内涵、马克思主义国家哲学的当代意义、中国国家哲学理论成果研究的开启和自觉等。     

对深化国有企业改革的思考

国有企业是国家所有制企业而不是全民所有制企业,从这一性质出发,对国有企业的改革应从加强政府对企业的管理入手,全方位地改革国有企业的各个权利主体、并形成一种相互激励的社会制约机制.     

Class, Attitudes and the Welfare State: Sweden in Comparative Perspective

One of the most important arenas for contemporary class politics is the welfare state. In this article, attitudes towards welfare policies among different classes in Sweden are compared with other Western countries and over time. In the first part of the article, attitudes towards state intervention among different classes are compared across four Western countries: Sweden, Germany, Britain and the USA. The data come from the 1996 survey on “The Role of Government” conducted within the International Social Survey Programme. In the second part of the article, more detailed national data sets are used in order to track developments within Sweden from the early 1980s until 2002. Attitudes towards welfare spending, financing of welfare policies and service delivery are used to track developments of class differences in attitudes over time. It is concluded (a) that class differences are particularly large in Sweden, and (b) that changes over time indicate stability in overall class differences, combined with changes in attitudes among non‐manual employees. The implications of the results for recent arguments about the restructuring of class relations and the impact of welfare policies on stratification are discussed.     

Globalization, the Welfare State and Young People Leaving State Out-of-Home Care

Some theories of globalization argue that it is producing a uniform reduction in social spending, while others claim that global influences are mediated by specific national factors. This article argues that the emergence of support for young people leaving state out-of-home care in almost all developed countries provides further evidence for the mediation thesis. Using Australia as a case study, attention is drawn to the commonality of poor outcomes for many care leavers, the different legislative and policy responses to these needs in a range of welfare states, and the role played by local and global researchers and policy advocates in bringing these needs to public and political attention.     

自然状态的道德意涵:定位现代道德的开端

针对李猛有关霍布斯自然状态的讨论,本文力图指出,自然状态不仅仅是一个人性冲突状态或法权矛盾状态,而是具有某种积极的道德意涵。这集中在霍布斯的自然权利概念上。正是自然权利,而不是原初缔约环节,构成了霍布斯政治哲学的规范基础。自然权利不完全是一项主观权利,它同时还带有传统客观法权的正当意涵。一方面,每个人的“自然权利”凭借国家权力的存在,成为一种客观意义上的正当性,另一方面,它的“自然性”又意味着它并不是由国家所制造出来的,而是基于人的自然本性本身。人的自然并不是可以任意抟塑的质料,而是有其形式,并被明确界定为一种自然“权利”或正当,参与到政治生活的构建之中,这构成了现代思想不得不去回应的难题。