中国农村宗教复兴与“宗教”的中国命运

中国农村宗教复兴是改革开放以来最“出人意料”的现象之一。对此,学界提出了“传统的发明”、“国家-社会关系”、“宗教市场”三种解释模式。本文认为,解释中国农村宗教复兴,不能将宗教现象还原为“政治”或“经济”等其他范畴,而应将之视为一种自成一类的事实,一种人的基本条件,同时应充分理解政治精英和知识精英在中国近现代史上对 “宗教”的塑造过程。中国农村的宗教复兴在很大程度上游离于这一塑造过程之外,因此,可能存在着尚不为学界所充分认识的社会机制,有着提供本土理论的潜力。本文认为,在世俗化理论和市场理论之外,应该尝试使用“礼物模式”探索这一社会机制。     

中国农村家庭演变:“核心化”还是“个体化”?——以私房钱的道德评价为切入点

当前中国家庭研究范式出现了从"家族主义"到"个体家庭"的转变,在此背景下,本文从家庭经济生活角度切入,通过勾勒农村居民评价私房钱的道德框架,讨论中国农村家庭仍然是在"核心化"轨迹上还是走向了"个体化"。研究发现,私房钱的来源、数额及用途,家庭经济控制情况和亲密关系状况是村民评价私房钱道德与否的重要因素。这些因素都被包含在"个体/家庭"框架下,其中是否影响核心家庭的财产安全和生计安全构成私房钱道德评价的核心标准。研究认为,中国农村家庭的发展轨迹仍然是"核心化"而非"个体化"。     

从“官吏分途”到“群体三分”:中国地方治理的人事结构转换及其政治效应——对周雪光《从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”:帝国逻辑下的中国官僚人事制度》一文的一个补充

官吏分途作为古代中国国家治理的人事制度安排,依然具有其延续性和再生性。中国地方和基层治理中官僚群体、派生群体和雇佣群体的三分,与官吏分途有着异曲同工之妙。本文作为对周雪光《从“官吏分途”到“层级分流”:帝国逻辑下的中国官僚人事制度》一文的一个补充,提出群体三分是更接近官吏分途的延续者与变异者。层级分流与群体三分,共同构成了地方和基层治理的主干。官吏之间在数量和规模上的不对称与目前官僚群体、派生群体和雇佣群体在数量和规模上的不对称是相通的。雇佣群体是影响地方和基层治理绩效的重要因素。进入层级分流的精英群体或干部群体,除了具有经济学和社会学意义上的理性之外,还拥有政党所赋予的使命。使命政治是对晋升锦标赛政治的一个补充,它是解释中国的巨变和崛起的重要视角之一。     

“读活的书”与“算死的账”:论共产党土地革命中的“算账派”

1933年中国共产党领导的查田运动第一次将量化阶级标准推行到土地革命的实践中,后又沿用至1946年以后解放区土改和1949年以后全国性的土改实践之中。以往学界对土地革命的研究,更多侧重于社会动员论视角下的地方史解读,而对量化阶级标准缺少足够的关注。重点关注前者的学者,往往又集中于单纯的政策讨论层面因而很容易陷入意识形态之争。本文主要关注后者并试图以推行量化阶级标准的重要历史担纲者王观澜为考察对象,综合运用多种史料,通过对其成长背景、教育经历以及革命历程的详细梳理,呈现其特有的精神气质,并以此为基础去勾勒其在土地革命中的“算阶级”的实践轨迹。同时通过再现置身于土改运动中的共产党“技术干部”对待理论问题的“实用主义”的思想倾向,考察蕴含在共产党政权具体的土改实践脉络中的一系列内在局限,并尝试去揭示这些局限的历史根源。     

新世纪以来“国学热”背景下的国产电影

"国学热"是新世纪以来中国社会上出现的一股引人注目的文化热潮。本文立足"国学热"与大众文化的关系,从人伦亲情电影与古装大片两个维度,分析了"国学热"中的国产电影创作,着重总结了其在艺术成就、市场成绩以及文化影响力方面的得与失,并在此基础上对国产电影如何有效发挥文化、媒介属性,实现与国学热潮的积极互动提出了参考建议。     

Optimizing the “demographic dividend” in young developing countries: The role of contractual savings and insurance for financing education

Many developing regions are facing a youth bulge, meaning that young people comprise the highest proportion of the population. These regions are at risk of losing what could be a tremendous opportunity for economic growth and development if they do not capitalize on this young and economically productive population, also referred to as the “demographic dividend,” defined as the increase in economic growth that tends to follow increases in the ratio of the working‐age population – essentially the labor force – to dependents. Nations undergoing this population transition have the opportunity to capitalize on the demographic dividend if the right social, economic, and human capital policies are in place. In particular, Sub‐Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and North Africa are at risk of losing the demographic dividend. These regions face high youth unemployment, low primary school completion, and low secondary school enrollment. This results in an undereducated and unskilled segment of the population. The prohibitive costs of education prevent young people from finishing school, thereby entering the labor market unprepared. This article presents a case for youth‐focused financial inclusion programs as one of the antidotes to the masses of poor, undereducated, and low‐skilled young people swelling the labor markets of poor developing countries.     

外出务工背景下夫妻资源对农村女性家务分工期望的影响：基于巢湖市居巢区的实证研究

本文利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所2005年对安徽居巢农村居民调查获得的数据,分析了外出务工背景下的夫妻资源对女性家务分工期望的影响机制。研究结果表明,外出妇女比未外出妇女对丈夫分担家务的家务分工期望更高,且女性本人的收入和教育程度对家务分工期望有显著影响。外出务工经历与夫妻资源的交互作用表明,随着传统社会性别规范的约束作用减弱,外出务工经历增强外出妇女的夫妻教育资源对家务分工期望的影响效应,外出务工经历没有增强外出妇女的收入资源对家务分工期望的影响效应。     

Housing Provision for Rural–Urban Migrant Workers in Chinese Cities: The Roles of the State,Employers and the Market

In Chinese cities, about 1.45 million migrant workers stay away from their home villages for longer than six months. The total will reach 230 million if those who work less than six months outside their home villages are also included ( National Bureau of Statistics PRC 2010 ). The scale of migration has put huge pressure on urban housing. Apart from a few local exceptions, little state effort has been dedicated to improve migrant housing for a long time. Existing studies of migrant housing in Chinese cities have focused on the necessity for the state to remove discriminatory policies and offer equal access to urban housing benefits. However, few studies have examined carefully who are the most vulnerable and what are the causes of some of the problems. The authors of this article argue that without proper understanding of the interaction between the state and the private providers, equal access to urban housing benefits may not lead to improved housing conditions for migrant workers. We use three surveys in three cities, Tianjin, Taiyuan and Lanzhou in China to support our argument.