基于后验修正bayes决策树模型的保险营销决策方法

文章首先在对Bayes决策体系进行细致分析后,提出了保险营销决策模型,并对引起情报价值的状态因素进行分解,以确定在何种自然状态下一般决策较大,使得有针对性地避免措施产生。其次根据多阶段决策原理引入后验信息,为保险企业进行产品试验分析提供理论方法,在此基础上根据一个算例提出修正概率变动趋势与由Bayes矩阵估计出的概率变动趋势的一致性判定准则,以克服以往研究不对后验情报价值具有性进行判定的缺陷。     

指数分布场合无失效数据参数的分级Bayes估计

文章讨论了无失效数据在指数分布场合下的失效概率pio利用分级Bayes方法,在无失效数据情形下,引进失效信息后,分析了无失效数据在指数分布场合下的失效概率pi,给出了失效概率pi的分级Bayes估计和可靠性参数估计。通过实例说明了分级Bayes方法对指数分布场合下可靠度估计的可行性。     

证券投资的一种预测方法

本文提出证券投资的一个预测方法--E Bayes方法,不仅能预测证券价格的走势,而且还能更进一步地指出证券价格的范围.本文以下首先把数据进行分组,给出预测对象的状态划分,然后在此基础上给出状态概率的E Bayes估计的定义和E Bayes估计,根据状态概率进行预测.     

基于Bayes估计理论的洪水水位概率变点研究

利用Bayes估计理论,研究洪水水位概率变点问题,给出一个确定变点存在的判断方法,通过具体例子进行讨论.     

部分状态可见的隐马尔可夫模型状态序列的估计方法

本文考虑了部分状态可见的隐马尔可夫模型的状态序列估计问题,在分析了现有算法无法合理估计状态路径之后,以状态转移概率、观测概率和可见状态作为先验信息,通过贝叶斯分析计算可见状态前后向状态的后验概率,并给出初始条件和递推公式,运用动态规划递推得到每个观测值对应的最可能状态以及最可能的状态路径。最后,本文给出一个系统故障识别的应用例子,验证了所设计算法的可行性。     

空间滞后模型的贝叶斯估计

本文采用Bayes方法对空间滞后模型进行全面分析。在构建模型的贝叶斯框架时,对模型系数与误差方差分别选取正态先验分布和逆伽玛先验分布,这样以便获得参数的联合后验分布和条件后验分布。在抽样估计时,文章主要使用MCMC方法,同时还设计了一个简单随机游动Metropolis抽样器,以方便从空间权重因子系数的条件后验分布中进行抽样。最后应用所建议的方法进行数值模拟。     

泊松分布参数的最高后验概率密度区间的估计方法

文章研究了在先验分布为伽玛分布下,Poisson分布未知参数λ的Bayes区间估计方法,并给出参数的最高后验概率密度区间-HPD区间估计的条件极值解法,最后给出例子说明该方法的优越性.     

基于Fisher变换的Bayes判别方法探索

判别分析是三大多元统计分析方法之一,在许多领域都有广泛的应用。通常认为距离判别、Fisher判别和Bayes判别是三种不同的判别分析方法,本文的研究表明,距离判别与Bayes判别是两种实质的判别方法,前者实际依据的是百分位点或置信区间,后者实际依据的是概率。而著名的Fisher判别,只是依据方差分析的思想,对判别变量进行线性变换,然后用于距离判别,其实不能算是一种实质的判别方法。本文将Fisher变换与Bayes判别结合起来,即先做Fisher变换,再利用概率最大原则做Bayes判别,得到一种新的判别途径,可进一步提高判别效率。理论与实证分析表明,基于Fisher变换的Bayes判别,适用场合广泛,判别效率最高。     

动态修正贝叶斯精度评估

引言在小子样前提下,历史数据和专家意见作为先验信息变成可利用的重要资料,运用Bayes方法可以综合当前样本信息与先验信息,组成较完整的后验信息,在后验分布的基础上进行统计推断。Bayes方法实质上描述了一个如何利用采样信息修正和改进现有的概率分布的规律。     

威布尔分布场合下无失效数据的可靠性参数估计

文章假设产品的寿命服从威布尔分布,在无失效数据情形,当失效概率pi的先验分布为π(pi|b)=b(1-pi)b-1(1相似文献   

Simultaneous variable selection and outlier identification in linear regression using the mean-shift outlier model

We provide a method for simultaneous variable selection and outlier identification using the mean-shift outlier model. The procedure consists of two steps: the first step is to identify potential outliers, and the second step is to perform all possible subset regressions for the mean-shift outlier model containing the potential outliers identified in step 1. This procedure is helpful for model selection while simultaneously considering outlier identification, and can be used to identify multiple outliers. In addition, we can evaluate the impact on the regression model of simultaneous omission of variables and interesting observations. In an example, we provide detailed output from the R system, and compare the results with those using posterior model probabilities as proposed by Hoeting et al. [Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 22 (1996), pp. 252-270] for simultaneous variable selection and outlier identification.     

Bayesian analysis of outlier problems using the Gibbs sampler

We consider the Bayesian analysis of outlier models. We show that the Gibbs sampler brings considerable conceptual and computational simplicity to the problem of calculating posterior marginals. Although other techniques for finding posterior marginals are available, the Gibbs sampling approach is notable for its ease of implementation. Allowing the probability of an outlier to be unknown introduces an extra parameter into the model but this turns out to involve only minor modification to the algorithm. We illustrate these ideas using a contaminated Gaussian distribution, at-distribution, a contaminated binomial model and logistic regression.     

A Simple Diagnostic Plot Connecting Robust Estimation, Outlier Detection, and False Discovery Rates

Robust estimation of parameters, and identification of specific data points that are discordant with an assumed model, are often treated as different statistical problems. The two aims are, however, closely inter-related and in many cases the two analyses are required simultaneously. We present a simple diagnostic plot that connects existing robust estimators with simultaneous outlier detection, and uses the concept of false discovery rates to allow for the multiple comparisons induced by considering each point as a potential outlier. It is straightforward to implement, and applicable in any situation for which robust estimation procedures exist. Several examples are given.     

Bayesian robust transformation and variable selection: A unified approach

The authors consider the problem of simultaneous transformation and variable selection for linear regression. They propose a fully Bayesian solution to the problem, which allows averaging over all models considered including transformations of the response and predictors. The authors use the Box‐Cox family of transformations to transform the response and each predictor. To deal with the change of scale induced by the transformations, the authors propose to focus on new quantities rather than the estimated regression coefficients. These quantities, referred to as generalized regression coefficients, have a similar interpretation to the usual regression coefficients on the original scale of the data, but do not depend on the transformations. This allows probabilistic statements about the size of the effect associated with each variable, on the original scale of the data. In addition to variable and transformation selection, there is also uncertainty involved in the identification of outliers in regression. Thus, the authors also propose a more robust model to account for such outliers based on a t‐distribution with unknown degrees of freedom. Parameter estimation is carried out using an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, which permits moves around the space of all possible models. Using three real data sets and a simulated study, the authors show that there is considerable uncertainty about variable selection, choice of transformation, and outlier identification, and that there is advantage in dealing with all three simultaneously. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 361–380; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

A numerical study of multiple imputation methods using nonparametric multivariate outlier identifiers and depth-based performance criteria with clinical laboratory data

It is well known that if a multivariate outlier has one or more missing component values, then multiple imputation (MI) methods tend to impute nonextreme values and make the outlier become less extreme and less likely to be detected. In this paper, nonparametric depth-based multivariate outlier identifiers are used as criteria in a numerical study comparing several established methods of MI as well as a new proposed one, nine in all, in a setting of several actual clinical laboratory data sets of different dimensions. Two criteria, an ‘outlier recovery probability’ and a ‘relative accuracy measure’, are developed, based on depth functions. Three outlier identifiers, based on Mahalanobis distance, robust Mahalanobis distance, and generalized principle component analysis are also included in the study. Consequently, not only the comparison of imputation methods but also the comparison of outlier detection methods is accomplished in this study. Our findings show that the performance of an MI method depends on the choice of depth-based outlier detection criterion, as well as the size and dimension of the data and the fraction of missing components. By taking these features into account, an MI method for a given data set can be selected more optimally.     

Bayesian Identification of Moving Average Models

This study approaches the Bayesian identification of moving average processes using an approximate likelihood function and a normal gamma prior density. The marginal posterior probability mass function of the model order is developed in a convenient form. Then one may investigate the posterior probabilities over the grid of the order and choose the order with the highest probability to solve the identification problem. A comprehensive simulation study is carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed procedure and check its adequacy in handling the identification problem. In addition, the proposed Bayesian procedure is compared with some non Bayesian automatic techniques and another Bayesian technique. The numerical results support the adequacy of using the proposed procedure in solving the identification problem of moving average processes.     

Outlier detection and robust variable selection via the penalized weighted LAD-LASSO method

This paper studies the outlier detection and robust variable selection problem in the linear regression model. The penalized weighted least absolute deviation (PWLAD) regression estimation method and the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are combined to simultaneously achieve outlier detection, and robust variable selection. An iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the proposed optimization problem. Monte Carlo studies are evaluated the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the finite sample performance of the proposed methods performs better than that of the existing methods when there are leverage points or outliers in the response variable or explanatory variables. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to analyze two real datasets.     

Bayesian bridge quantile regression

Regularization methods for simultaneous variable selection and coefficient estimation have been shown to be effective in quantile regression in improving the prediction accuracy. In this article, we propose the Bayesian bridge for variable selection and coefficient estimation in quantile regression. A simple and efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm was developed for posterior inference using a scale mixture of uniform representation of the Bayesian bridge prior. This is the first work to discuss regularized quantile regression with the bridge penalty. Both simulated and real data examples show that the proposed method often outperforms quantile regression without regularization, lasso quantile regression, and Bayesian lasso quantile regression.     

A Simple Univariate Outlier Identification Procedure Designed for Large Samples

A simple univariate outlier identification procedure is presented for the detection of multiple outliers in large and moderate sized data sets. This procedure is a modification of the well-known boxplot outlier-labeling rule. Critical values are easy to obtain for the large sample case for a variety of useful distributions, including the normal, t, gamma, and Weibull. Simple adjustment formulas and graphs are provided for handling smaller samples. Basic probability properties are obtained mathematically and through simulation. Two data sets illustrate the procedure's application as a simple and effective screening tool for both moderate and large-sized univariate samples.     

The stalactite plot for the detection of multivariate outliers

Detection of multiple outliers in multivariate data using Mahalanobis distances requires robust estimates of the means and covariance of the data. We obtain this by sequential construction of an outlier free subset of the data, starting from a small random subset. The stalactite plot provides a cogent summary of suspected outliers as the subset size increases. The dependence on subset size can be virtually removed by a simulation-based normalization. Combined with probability plots and resampling procedures, the stalactite plot, particularly in its normalized form, leads to identification of multivariate outliers, even in the presence of appreciable masking.