基于伊斯兰文明的阿拉伯式管理研究述评

本文在综述已有研究的基础上,概括了基于伊斯兰文明的阿拉伯式管理的特点,即外控型管理、真主是最高主宰;只与朋友做生意;父系型酋长模式;工作是为了活着;注重伦理道德;直觉、形象思维模式,务虚先于务实;空间公开,不喜欢孤独;缺乏时间观念,因为时间由真主控制等.文章还指出了需要继续研究的命题及其研究思路的建议等.     

沙特阿拉伯王国驻华大使尤素福·本·穆罕默德·麦达尼阁下的致词

1932年,沙特阿拉伯王国在统一旗帜下(万物非主,唯有真主,穆罕默德是安拉的使者),被其缔造者阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹·沙特国王(愿真主慈悯他)统一,他顺应民意,颁发国王令,统一了王国各省,改国名为“沙特阿拉伯王国”。如今,65年过去了,这个伟大的国家由于其政府执行了明智的政策,经全国忠诚干群的努力,完成了基本建设,实现了大发展,并在规定的时间内取得了巨大的经济成就,使其无论在地区还是在国际上都举足轻重。关于这些成就,我要说明的是,沙特阿拉伯王国在社会、教育、卫生、农业、工业与基本     

古兰经摘译

为了真主你们要与和你们厮杀的人战斗。你们别侵略!真主不喜爱侵略者。你们要和他们战斗至没有多神教、只有安拉的宗教为止。假如他们停止了,那么只有暴虐者才受惩罚。谁侵犯了你们,你们就要象他侵犯了你们一样地侵犯他。敬畏真主吧!真主和敬畏者在一起。     

感谢真主

朱哈丢了一头驴子,到处寻觅,不见踪影。他忽然高兴地说:“感谢真主,感谢真主!”人们听了莫名其妙,忙问他道:“你丢了驴子,为什么还要感谢真主呢?”朱哈说:“要不是真主     

朝觐史话

天房的建造相传,天房最初是由伊卜拉欣和他的儿子易司马仪建造的,主要根据是《古兰经》中的一段话:“为世人而创设的最古的清真寺,确是在麦加的那所吉祥的天房、全世界的向导。其中有许多明证,如伊卜拉欣的立足地;凡入其中的人都得安宁。凡能旅行到天房的,人人都有为真主而朝觐天房的义务。不信道的人,[无损于真主],因为真主确是无求于全世界的。”     

《经坛训谕录》

奉普慈特慈真主之名一切赞颂,全归真主,化育众世界的主。善果归于敬畏者,恶报唯对不义人。真主绝不会无酬于行善诸君!我作证:万物非主,唯有真主——独一无偶、确实显明、主宰众生。我作证:先圣、先知穆罕默德,是主的仆人和使者,诸使者之首领,众先知之封印。愿真主把福祉与和平恩赐于穆圣,全体圣族及其弟子门生。愿所赐的福祉与和平,比连永存,直至果报日来临! 这部名著,集训谕之大成。按全年之主麻,悉数编成。谨此开讲:惟求主保祐成功! 伊历一月第一讲一切赞颂,全归真主,年复一年,更新岁月的主。主以这最佳之月——元月作为岁首,在此月中广施恩泽,博舍惠赠,遍布喜     

《古兰经》摘译

以大仁大慈的真主的名义 [一]赞颂真主,他给自己的奴仆降示经典,对此未置任何偏邪,而是中正的,[二]以便让他警告以来自真主那里的严惩,向做好事的信徒报喜讯——他们将获得优酬,[三]并且永享不移;[四]也便他警告那些声称“真主立嗣”的人;[五]他们对此毫无所知,他们的祖辈也是这样。他们口出此言太严重     

法拉比的存在论

法拉比(870～950)是中世纪伟大的阿拉伯思想家,新柏拉图主义的奠基者,被尊为伊斯兰哲学的“第二教师”.作为伊斯兰哲学家,他运用逻辑推理就真主与世界万物的关系作了深入的探讨,构造了一个缜密的哲学体系——法拉比存在论.法拉比把世界万物分为两种:必然存在和可能存在.必然存在指本体决定其必然存在,可能存在指的是就本体而言并非必然存在.必然存在的存在由本体决定,是没有原因的、完美的、不可改变的,假定本体不存在是不可能的.必然存在的存在不依赖他体,是万物存在的第一原因.根据法拉比的理论,这一必然存在的存在指的是造物主真主,他从以下几方面具体阐述了真主必然存在的特性:1.真主的存在是无原因的,是完美的存     

感谢真主

朱哈丢了一头毛驴,他一边寻找毛驴,一边连声叫道:“毛驴丢了,感谢真主!”有人好奇地问他:“你丢了毛驴,怎么还要感谢真主呢?”     

斋月诫语

赞美全归真主,他引导我们颂扬他,他使我们成为他的信徒,他让我们感谢他的善待,让我们受到善待者的酬报。赞美真主赐予我们伊斯兰教和它的教义,使我们走在他的善行的道路上。让我们凭真正的恩典,去获得真主对我们赞颂的满意吧!     

The state of health public relations: A content analysis of published articles in seven communication journals from 2001 to 2021

By analyzing 162 articles published in seven peer-reviewed communication journals, this study sheds light on the research topics, theories, methods, and authorship of articles in the health public relations literature. An examination of current research in health public relations is essential to identify literature gaps and guide future research directions. The findings demonstrate that research interest in health public relations has fluctuated over the past two decades. Theoretically grounded studies represent most of the studies in this field, with the situational theory and relationship management applied most often. Regarding methodology, quantitative research is prevalent, with survey method used most often, followed by content analysis and in-depth interviews. Research topics that involve health content consistently receive significant attention, while relationship management has begun to dominate the research discourse in recent years.     

The use of performance measurement in South Carolina nonprofits

Performance measurement is touted by nonprofits as the newest method of ensuring accountability. Knowing the value of the process while having an appreciation for the downside with regard to volume of work can help organizations make more educated decisions about how deeply they want to get involved with performance or outcome measurement. This article provides background information on performance measurement and examples of how it is being used in nonprofit organizations. Next, it presents methods of an exploratory study conducted in South Carolina. Finally, a discussion of results focuses on the effect of outcome measurement on management and funding as well as the need for more in‐depth research.     

Use of Functional Capacity Evaluations by rehabilitation providers in NSW

Returning the disabled worker to maximum productivity is a shared responsibility between the treating health practitioners and employers, with the insurer as an overseer of the injury management plan. Allied health professionals have responded to the need for standardized tools to assess work capacity by developing Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCEs). Literature exists outlining the limitations of FCEs in injury management systems; however, little is known about their uses and perceived usefulness. Questionnaires were posted to managers and therapists of accredited rehabilitation providers. The questionnaires consisted of both open and closed format questions. The response rate for the managers' questionnaire was 53%, while the therapists' questionnaire was 27%. The majority of rehabilitation providers use an assessment of their Own Design. Eight commercial FCEs were identified as being used. The majority of therapists use only one type of FCE. Therapists rated FCEs highly on their flexibility with Own Design assessment rated as significantly more flexible than the most frequently used commercial FCEs. From the data collected, it appears that cost is the main factor influencing choice of assessment. Level of evidence supporting capabilities of particular assessments does not appear to influence use. It seems that, despite there being poor research evidence to support the use of many brands of FCEs, they are still commonly used by rehabilitation providers. To achieve optimal use of FCEs, further research is required on the types of adaptations therapists make to commercial assessments and properties of Own Design assessments, including reliability and validity studies.     

提升高职生就业能力与廊坊经济社会发展问题研究

高等教育与区域经济发展关系研究一直是各国高等教育研究的重点课题。高等职业教育主要是培养生产、服务、管理第一线的高端技能型专门人才，开展这一研究将有助于高等职业教育与区域经济紧密结合，使高等职业教育适应、促进区域经济的发展，同时也有助于高等职业教育自身向普及化、特色化发展。高职教育应瞄准地方经济社会发展需求，通过专业建设和人才创新培养模式，不断提升高职生的就业能力，从而更好地融入到地方经济建设的主战场。     

European Communication Monitor: Current developments,issues and tendencies of the professional practice of public relations in Europe

The European Communication Monitor (ECM) research explores the current developments for communications disciplines, practices and instruments. It is an extensive research project to monitor trends in communication management, analyse the changing framework for the profession driven by European integration and evaluate specific topics of relevance to public relations practice. Specifically, the 2008 ECM edition is focused on aspects such as: strategy and control, interactive channels, corporate social responsibility, intercultural challenges, influence on management decision making, cooperation with agencies, and future budgets.     

Intellectual Property,Scientific Independence,and the Efficacy and Environmental Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops

Neoliberalism is the political ideology behind efforts to commercialize university science. The development of genetically engineered (GE) crops has facilitated the commercialization process because GE crops generally have more restrictive intellectual property protections than conventional crops. Those restrictions have led some to question whether long‐term university research and innovations are being compromised to protect short‐term intellectual property interests. This concern is evident in two letters submitted by public‐sector entomologists in February 2009 to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The letters asserted that scientists are prohibited from conducting fully independent research on the efficacy and environmental impact of GE crops. In response to the letter, the American Seed Trade Association (ASTA) negotiated an agreement between university scientists and seed companies to protect industry property rights while enabling university scientists to conduct research with more independence. Through a survey of public‐ and private‐sector entomologists who are members of two regional entomologist research groups, we document scientists' perspectives on the adequacy of the ASTA agreement and whether those scientists have experienced limitations on their research projects involving efficacy and environmental impacts. Our findings show that limitations exist and that certain forms of public knowledge about crops are likely being compromised. These findings have implications for the legitimacy of current risk management institutions, as well as for future technological breakthroughs and innovations.     

Does Democracy Matter? A Transatlantic Research Design on Democratic Performance and Special Purpose Governments

The next big step in public management research is to move beyondthe question of whether management matters to answer the question:does democracy matter? The public management discipline haslargely ignored the impact of democratic structure on performance,partly because of limited variation in the constitutional designof public service organizations. Recent growth in the numberand types of special purpose governments offers an organizationalpopulation with a wider distribution on the democratic structureparameter. Conceptual and methodological advances in delimitingand measuring "democratic performance" as a function of formalstructures and informal practices provide an intellectual infrastructurefor scholars. Hypotheses are derived in which democratic performanceis either a dependent or independent variable. Differences incontextual variables in the United Kingdom and the United Statesmake transatlantic comparative research a worthwhile proposition.A research strategy for generating knowledge on "does democracymatter?" is set out.     

Organizational theory: From classical sociology to the 1970s

Organizations are the fundamental building blocks of modern societies. So it is not surprising that they have always been at the center of sociological research, starting with Marx and Weber. And although Durkheim did not explicitly analyze organizations, his work has clear implications for the study of organizations. We review the insights of these three pioneering sociologists and then discuss ideas about organizations proposed by other scholars, from both management and sociology, from 1910 to the mid‐1970s. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim's theoretical frameworks were tools for understanding the transition to modernity. Marx and Weber saw organizations as sites of class struggle and rationalization, respectively, while Durkheim focused on social cohesion and collective sensemaking, both of which underpin organizations. Later theorists focused more closely on the meso‐level and micro‐level processes that happen within and between organizations. These later theorists emphasized pragmatic concerns of optimizing organizational efficiency and labor productivity (scientific management and human relations theories), processes of affiliation and hierarchy (Simmel), limits to rational decision‐making (the Carnegie School), and environmental conditions that shape organizational processes and outcomes (contingency theories). A companion paper describes the three perspectives (demographic, relational, and cultural) that have dominated sociological research on organizations since the mid‐1970s.     

Applying marketing management and communication management theories to increase client retention in the short-term insurance industry

Businesses must retain their clients to remain profitable. The academic field of marketing management considers customer relationship management (CRM) as most appropriate to achieve this, while communication management focuses instead on public relations (PR). The purpose of this research was to analyse theories in these two disciplines and derive an integrated theoretical framework of CRM and PR client retention. The framework was then tested through in-depth interviews with short-term insurance clients and short-term insurance providers (brokers and direct insurers) in South Africa to gain perspectives from both sides. The importance of some fundamental elements found in literature were affirmed, two elements’ importance were questioned and it was established that three inconsistencies existed between what providers regard as essential to retain clients and what clients regard necessary for them to stay in a relationship with an insurance provider. This may explain the many unsuccessful client retention efforts of South African brokers and direct insurers. Six new CRM and/or PR elements, not found in literature, are presented in the article for exploration in future research. In order to assist client retention in the very competitive short-term insurance industry, results were applied to the core tenets of Niemann's (2005) SA model for the implementation of strategic integrated communication (IC). Finally, the authors present an integrated approach to client retention strategies in the South African short-term insurance industry, incorporating both marketing and communication theories.