Index to Volume 31: August 1982–June 1983

Abstract

“Immunodeficiency in Female Sexual Partners of Men with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome,” CAROL HARRIS, et al. Because the current outbreak of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among previously healthy adults may be caused by a transmissible biologic agent, and because it may be preceded by immunologic abnormalities with or without a prodromal illness, we studied seven female sexual partners of male patients with the syndrome. The male patients were all drug abusers. One of the seven women was found to have the full-blown syndrome, a second had an illness consistent with the prodrome of AIDS (generalized lymphadenopathy, lymphopenia, and a decreased ratio of helper to suppressor T cells), and four others had generalized lymphadenopathy or lymphopenia, with or without a decreased ratio of helper to suppressor T cells. Only one woman had no abnormalities. These findings suggest that AIDS may be transmitted between heterosexual men and women. (New England Journal of Medicine 1983;308:1181–4.)

“The Effect of Different Types of Intrauterine Devices on the Risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease,” DAVID W. KAUFMAN, et al. A case-control study of 155 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and 305 controls with other conditions was carried out. Compared with other methods of contraception, the age-adjusted relative risk estimate for use of any intrauterine device (IUD) within one month of admission was 8.6 (95% confidence limits, 5.3 and 13.8); for past use, the estimate was 1.6 (confidence limits, 0.6 and 4.0). The estimated risk was highest for users of the Dalkon Shield (11 cases and two controls), lowest for users of copper-containing devices (40 cases and 34 controls), and intermediate for users of other IUDs, principally the Lippes Loop (32 cases and 23 controls). Compared with copper-containing IUDs, the relative risk estimate for the Dalkon Shield was 6.5 (confidence limits, 1.5 and 27.5). When the Dalkon Shield and copper-containing IUDs were compared, in turn, with the Lippes Loop, the estimated risk was increased for the former and reduced for the latter, but the differences were not statistically significant. Nine of the 11 cases using the Dalkon Shield (82%) had severe PID (diagnosed at surgery or because of purulent cervical discharge), compared with 12 of 40 copper device users (30%) and nine of 32 Lippes Loop users (28%). The risk of PID did not seem to be related to duration of use of any of the three IUDs. This study confirms that IUD use increases the risk of PID. It also suggests that the Dalkon Shield is more harmful than other devices. (Journal of the American Medical Association 1983;250:759–762.)     

Caffeine intake is not associated with serum testosterone levels in adult men: cross-sectional findings from the NHANES 1999–2004 and 2011–2012

Objective: The association of caffeine intake with testosterone remains unclear. We evaluated the association of caffeine intake with serum testosterone among American men and determined whether this association varied by race/ethnicity and measurements of adiposity.

Methods: Data were analyzed for 2581 men (≥20?years old) who participated in the cycles of the NHANES 1999–2004 and 2011–2012, a cross-sectional study. Testosterone (ng/mL) was measured by immunoassay among men who participated in the morning examination session. We analyzed 24-h dietary recall data to estimate caffeine intake (mg/day). Multivariable weighted linear regression models were conducted.

Results: We identified no linear relationship between caffeine intake and testosterone levels in the total population, but there was a non-linear association (p_nonlinearity?p_nonlinearity?≤?.03 both) and only among men with waist circumference <102?cm and body mass index <25?kg/m² (p_nonlinearity?Conclusion: No linear association was identified between levels of caffeine intake and testosterone in US men, but we observed a non-linear association, including among racial/ethnic groups and measurements of adiposity in this cross-sectional study. These associations are warranted to be investigated in larger prospective studies.     

特辑:2012年度数据

个税收入同比下降3.9%据财政部网站消息,2012年个人所得税实现收入5820.24亿元,同比下降3.9%,比上年增速回落29.1个百分点。个人所得税收入占税收总收入的比重为5.8%。分项目看,个体工商户生产经营所得税和工资薪金所得税大幅下降,同比分别下降12.5%和8%。利息股息红利所得税、劳务报酬所得税和财产转让所得税同比分别增长14.7%、10.8%和6.5%。据了解,个人所得税收入下降的主要原因:一是受提高个人所得税工薪所得减除费用标准,以及调整工薪所得和个体工商户经营所得的税率结构等减税政策的影响。二是二手房交易价格回调,财产转让所得税相应减收。2012年11月份70个大中城市中二手住宅价格同比下降的城市达到49个,其中,北京同比下降0.2%,杭州同比下降3.3%。     

2012:华语电影新形态

2012年,是中国内地电影院线制改革十周年.这十年间,随着合拍片数量的匀速增长,两岸三地影业经由初期的产业资源整合,进而带动文化资源整合与空间资源整合,拓展了华语电影的新形态,使得华语电影在空问重构、美学实践以及文化认同等诸多层面呈现出了新的发展图景与特征.     

William (Bill) Harrison 1934–2012

Abstract

International textbook initiatives in Southeast Europe are justified by a causal chain linking history textbook to historical consciousness, political and historical acts, and the state of conflict or cohesion within a society. In this article, such initiatives are examined in the following way: after a survey of the literature on textbook initiatives in the region, the content of the materials in question is assessed and compared with the guidelines of the international community's textbook scholars; the concept of 'narrative voice' is then used to evaluate the style of the material and its relationship with the student; the materials are then placed in their social and educational context. Finally, using this project as a springboard, the article is able to cast light on the validity of international textbook initiatives in the region, as well as the underlying methodological assumptions of the discipline.